Final Exam Flashcards
William Lyon MacKenzie King
Leader of the liberal party. Prime Minister for 22 years. set our to support farms in ontario and western canada who supported ‘progressive party’. he reduced tariffs and freight rates. The Liberals could not stay in power unless with Progressive support. When the progressive party started to pull out, King went to GG ask to dissolve parliament..
King-Byng Affair - refuked to dissolve parliament.. Asked Meighen to form government and did after King resigned. Byng granted Meighen a dissolution.. King won that election.
lost in 1930 election to Bennett.
Won election again 1935.
King brought about Old Age Pension sheme..
lost to Bennett. King opposition leader. Then king PM again.
Parliament would decide to go to war.
1940- many German victories, pressure for Canada to send more troops. Would have to conscript people - Quebec not impressed.
After war: employment insurance.. family allowances, proposals for health insurance.
Succeeded by Laurent in 1948.
brought about significant changes with Great britain. King supported the empire, but wanted canada to be in control of their own affairs. his resistance to outside interference finally resulted in Britain’s recognition that Canada was autonomous in domestic and internal affairs while remaining as a community within the british Empire.
The Chanak Crisis 1922: King offers help to Britian.. their parliament needs to decide on canadian participation.. but the time they decide, the conflict in question was resolved.. showed that canada needs to be independent.. can’t wait on britain to make decision.
the Halibut Treaty: 1923: canada signs ouw international agreement (canada/american agreement of pacific coast)
the Balfour Declaration 1926:recognized dominions as autonomous communities, equal in status, allegiance to the crown.
welfare state: new social programs,
Ottawa seeks to stregthen fiscal and legislative pre-eminence from wwii. There was great federal/privincial tensions. there were many programs introduced such as family allowances in 1944, health programs 48, old age security 56, unemployment assistance 56.
Govt could not keep up with the demand for housing.
Benett
coNSERVATIVE
Succeeds King in 1930. He was a business man, millionaire, western. Known to have ‘watch the canadian prices fall and not do anything about it’
he campaigned on high tariffs and large scale spending. amNAY CUT BACKS DUE TO DEFICIT. people coun’t even afford fuel.. the famous Bennett Buggies (horses pulling cars).
Things were getting worse.. he looked to Roosevelt. developed a New plan for Canada..health and accident insurance, agriculture support, pensions ect.. but he lost in the election before they could be implemented.
Benette loses, King takes the lead again.
GG of lon interference established.. GG solely a figure head after 1931.
The Person’s Case
Women in the 20’s. agnes MacPhail: first women elected as an MP and senate member. She was apart of the famous 5 - 5 females who spoke for female rights.
when running for senate, it says a ‘person’ and women were not persons.. in 1928 all 5 justices agreed the ‘qualified persons’ did not include women, rejecting MacPhail’s claim. the famous 5 take this to the privy council// ;why should it not’.. women are now persons. are allowed in the senate.
The Great Depression
in the late 20’s it was a capitalistic structure which relied on weak foundations.there was little regulation from the government which companies could build up huge amounts of money. In general it was unsafe lending practices . It all came crashing down during the 1929 stock market crash. Canadian exports decrease significantly, sending unemployment high. entrepreneurship was something that seized to exist.
competition for wheat market … canad used to supply large amount of wheat.. fields were destoyed in europe.. by this time, fields in europe doing much better… no need to buy foreign wheat anymore,
dust bowels in prairies - farmers suffering large amounts of drought, plagues, pests that crippled the farm.
cound’t pay taxes. farmers working more and harder but could not make any money.
Canada and US relations
With the success of Germans, Ogdensburg Agreement drafted aug 1940; the two contries would share military information (US/CANADA). They had a fear that Britain may lose and surrender. looked as if the canadians were abandoning the UK.
Tradition of colony to a nation back to a colony. just this time with the US. surrender of the canadian autonomy?
With time, comes tehe Hyde Park Declaration in 1941. This is an economic strategy by US and Canada… US made Britain exempt from cash payments.. UK wouldnt buy canadian anymore - was a problem.. so canada makes deal: increase defence purchases in canada.. american buy more canadian so canadian can buy more americam. Canada is getting some relief. This agreement ended the dollar shortage in 19421.
welfare state
..
john diefenbaker
leader of the progressive conservatives.
there was a long Liberal rule (22 years).. many felt liberals abusing their power (pipeline debates)
wins election 1957. There was much focus on the party leader and his image.. Diefenbaker clubs/magazines .
creates a ‘new national policy’ vision of heroric development nd the ‘manly modern’ - the building of unity now that the war has ended.
new post industrial era with rapid development of transportation and communications industries. New changes in resource industry, challenges in agriculture. Bust and recovery… over production of wheat.. sold to china (goes against US in decision) but it solved problem of bundance.
in 62, Diefenbaker dereases the value of the canadian dollar in hopes people will buy more of their products. He does it right before an election. Liberals make ‘Diefenbucks’ giving them out to paper.. one bill is 92 cents.. showing that they cant buy as much with their money, He ends up losing to the liberals.
He had a weak connection with Quebec, and the urban and rural voters.
lester pearson
PM 63 to 1972.
Tries to solve country’s problems
Royal Commission on Bilingualism 1963: looking into the state of bilingualism in canada.. what should be done for an equal partnership between french and english. Quebec nationalism started to take a rise opposed to the federation wide french canadian nationalim. The failure to incorporate quality of french and english within govt institutions is one of the main reasons for the rise of Quebec secessionist movement.
His liberal minority government introduced pansion plan, universal health care, student loans and current canadian flag.
He was last to implement a welfare state.
No matter what he did, somebody was mad with him… Considered a weak leader to Queveb nationalists, monarchists.. He managed to keep canada together.. polarization within canada.
Quiet Revolution
the modernization of secularization of Quebec, beginning as early as WWI.
french canadian nationalism crumbles after war.. quebec nationalism grows. societal structure controlled by catholic church challenged by neo-nationalism and liberalism.
Pierre Elliot Trudeau/Trudeaumania
in the 1960’s joined the liberal party as Parliamentary Secretary, to Minister of Justice to the leader of the Liberal Party. He was a new image to the public, something never seen before. Sandals, sports coat in parliament.canadian nationalism was on the rise with trudeau. He creates this new image, an image of change. He did this through media.. the media loved trudeau. Made him look like a winner to everyone.
Conflict with Nixon and Trudeau (sleeping with an elephant) - US viwed as communist leader.
Inspired Trudeaumania: Trudea created this image.. he also modelled values that progressive canadians wanted to project on canada. Voters wanted another JF Kennedy, just canadian, and trudeau fit the role. Television: best way to sell a national message. trudea who was just a minister of justice was turned into this national hero in such a short time. Public Affairs programs gave him a national profile… seen as a leader on TV, talking with many premiers. Focus was on Trudeau’s masculinity, youth and sex appeal - new social change. The media always portrayed him with women all around him, asking for autographs, ext.. was this a publicity stunt?
white paper
FLQ
Patrition of Constitution
The White Paper
Canadian policy proposed by Trudeau and chretian in 1969. Sought to abolish ‘indian act’, dismantal special status in favour of equality. Eliminating ‘indian’ equality of all canadians will result. reserve land will be tunred into private property, as which indians could sell. it would transfer the responsibility of indian affairs to the provinces, integrated them with the services provided by other canadian citizens.
Aboriginals not pleased. it overlooked many concerns during consultation process such as recognition of first nations special rights.. looked like another way white were trying to assimilate them into ‘white society’.tHIS PROPOSAL WAS REJECTED.. IT CREATED HUGE AMOUNT OF SUPPORT FOR THE OPPOSITION OF THIS IMPLICATION. a DOCUMENT WAS LATER CREATED CALLED THE red Ppaer
FLQ
mOST EXTREME SEPARIST GROUP WITHIN qUEBEC.
Kidnapping of James Cross and pierre Laporte. Canadian armed forces called in. war measures act was implemented ovt 15 1970. ‘Just Watch Me’
450 people were arrested. oct 17, Laporte found dead.
Partition of the Constitution
..
