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History > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Missionaries came to the Americas to

A

convert Native Americans to Christianity.

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2
Q

The English established their first successful colony at

A

Jamestown.

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3
Q

What plant or animal changed the way the Indians of the Great Plains lived?

A

horses

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4
Q

Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin

A

caused cotton production in the United States to surge.

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5
Q

What did Europeans introduce to the Americas that caused the deaths of thousands of Native Americans in the 1500s and 1600s?

A

contagious diseases

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6
Q

Which nation first established colonies in both North and South America?

A

Spain

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7
Q

Which of the following could vote during the first state elections?

A

white men who owned property

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8
Q

During the 1760s, American colonists rebelled against the British Parliament for

A

raising the colonies’ taxes.

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9
Q

the man who drafted the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

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10
Q

a form of government in which power is divided among the states and the nation

A

federalism

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11
Q

a system in which the federal government is organized into more than one branch

A

separation of powers

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12
Q

a law-making body with elected members that helped govern the Virginia colony

A

House of Burgesses

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13
Q

a statement meant to keep Europe out of American affairs

A

Monroe Doctrine

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14
Q

the practice of taking sailors and forcing them to serve in the navy

A

impressment

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15
Q

a Spanish invader who explored and conquered parts of the Americas

A

conquistador

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16
Q

the delegate who designed the Virginia Plan and became known as the “Father of the Constitution”

A

James Madison

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17
Q

the suspension of trade

A

embargo

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18
Q

a religious movement that took place during the 1740s

A

Great Awakening

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19
Q

During the 1760s, American colonists resisted

A

taxation without representation.

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20
Q

Which colonies offered settlers the most religious freedom?

A

Middle

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21
Q

One thing that helped Lincoln win the 1860 presidential election was

A

the split between northern and southern Democrats.

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22
Q

peacefully refusing to obey a law

A

civil disobedience

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23
Q

wrote a novel against slavery

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe

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24
Q

promoted popular sovereignty

A

Compromise of 1850

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25
Q

southern military leader

A

Robert E. Lee

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26
Q

strategy of targeting both troops and their resources

A

total war

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27
Q

federal agency during Reconstruction

A

Freedmen’s Bureau

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28
Q

farmers who work land but do not own it

A

sharecroppers

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29
Q

religious movement starting in the 1820s

A

Second Great Awakening

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30
Q

speech made by Lincoln in 1863

A

Gettysburg Address

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31
Q

The Ku Klux Klan tried to

A

prevent African Americans from voting.

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32
Q

Abolitionists wanted slavery to end because they thought that

A

slavery was morally wrong and dehumanizing.

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33
Q

What present-day issue reflects issues similar to those of the Sabbatarian Controversy?

A

separation of church and state

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34
Q

What was the primary goal of women’s rights activists during the first half of the nineteenth century?

A

women’s suffrage

35
Q

Identify one effect of the Civil War.

A

People began to see themselves as part of a nation.

36
Q

Which state first seceded from the Union?

A

South Carolina

37
Q

What was the outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

Voters in Kansas and Nebraska were allowed to exercise popular sovereignty.

38
Q

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment passed?

A

to give African American men the right to vote

39
Q

Identify Benefits Explain the advantages that each side had as the Civil War began.

A

Union: The population of factory workers was increasing, which increased supplies manufactured. They had advanced railroads and agriculture.
Confederacy: They had a more powerful army under a more organized general, Robert E. Lee.

40
Q

The Civil War began when

A

the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter.

41
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation applied to

A

rebellious slave states.

42
Q

Following Reconstruction, African Americans

A

slowly lost rights in the South.

43
Q

Which of the following was a leading abolitionist?

A

Frederick Douglass

44
Q

The Civil War ended when General Lee surrendered in

A

Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

45
Q

How did the South react to slave revolts?

A

Slave owners treated slaves more harshly.

46
Q

Hawaii was annexed in

A

1898, during the Spanish-American War.

47
Q

Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy

A

depended on a strong military to achieve America’s goals.

48
Q

Which woman founded the National Association of Colored Women to help African American families and those who were less fortunate?

A

Ida B. Wells

49
Q

The “Rough Riders” were

A

a volunteer cavalry unit in the Spanish-American War.

50
Q

What social problem did Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle describe?

A

the living and working conditions in Chicago’s stockyards

51
Q

Progressive women reformers worked to

A

limit the workday.

52
Q

Why was the U.S.S. Maine ordered to Cuba?

A

to protect American citizens

53
Q

a community center that provided social services to the urban poor

A

settlement house

54
Q

an organization that used the courts to challenge laws that were unfair to African Americans

A

NAACP

55
Q

an organization that worked for women’s suffrage

A

NAWSA

56
Q

legislation that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by spelling out the specific activities in which businesses could not engage

A

Clayton Antitrust Act

57
Q

socially conscious writers who dramatized the need for reform

A

muckrakers

58
Q

an activist who opened the country’s first birth-control clinic

A

Margaret Sanger

59
Q

Theodore Roosevelt’s plan for fair government

A

Square Deal

60
Q

president who attacked the “triple wall of privilege”

A

Woodrow Wilson

61
Q

an African American leader who urged African Americans to demand immediate recognition of their rights

A

W.E.B. Du Bois

62
Q

a man who led the Division of Forestry under President Theodore Roosevelt

A

Gifford Pinchot

63
Q

Which reform did the Nineteenth Amendment enact?

A

women’s suffrage

64
Q

Which political party did Woodrow Wilson represent in the 1912 presidential election?

A

the Democratic Party

65
Q

Why was the work of muckrakers more effective than that of earlier groups?

A

Muckrakers sensationalized accounts in publications read by millions.

66
Q

Industrial workers often labored

A

with unsafe machinery.

67
Q

Which group experienced an early depression in the 1920s?

A

farmers

68
Q

Congress instituted the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to loan money to

A

banks so that they could lend money to businesses to stimulate economic activity.

69
Q

Which factor contributed to the spread of the Great Depression overseas?

A

The United States curtailed investment in Europe.

70
Q

During the 1920s, the United States economy moved through which phase of the business cycle?

A

expansion

71
Q

Why did volunteerism fail?

A

Businesses and citizens acted in their individual best interests.

72
Q

Both African Americans and Mexican Americans had an especially difficult time during the Great Depression because they

A

faced discrimination when competing with white Americans for a limited number of jobs.

73
Q

general who dispersed protestors in the capital by ordering federal troops to fire on them with tear gas

A

Douglas MacArthur

74
Q

the theory that money invested in banks and businesses will work its way through the system to laborers

A

trickle-down economics

75
Q

government efforts to encourage or pressure Mexican immigrants to return to Mexico

A

repatriation

76
Q

president when the stock market crashed

A

Herbert Hoover

77
Q

Dust Bowl refugees who moved westward to find work

A

Okies

78
Q

agricultural workers who work on land owned by someone else

A

tenant farmers

79
Q

risky stock purchases made by investors with the hope of high returns

A

speculation

80
Q

the periodic expansion and contraction of the economy

A

business cycle

81
Q

the occasion of the stock market crash

A

Black Tuesday

82
Q

World War I veterans who marched to demand payment of money promised by Congress

A

Bonus Army

83
Q

In 1929, the stock market crashed because

A

investors lost confidence in the market and rushed to sell their shares.

History (4 decks)

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