Final Exam Flashcards
Missionaries came to the Americas to
convert Native Americans to Christianity.
The English established their first successful colony at
Jamestown.
What plant or animal changed the way the Indians of the Great Plains lived?
horses
Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin
caused cotton production in the United States to surge.
What did Europeans introduce to the Americas that caused the deaths of thousands of Native Americans in the 1500s and 1600s?
contagious diseases
Which nation first established colonies in both North and South America?
Spain
Which of the following could vote during the first state elections?
white men who owned property
During the 1760s, American colonists rebelled against the British Parliament for
raising the colonies’ taxes.
the man who drafted the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
a form of government in which power is divided among the states and the nation
federalism
a system in which the federal government is organized into more than one branch
separation of powers
a law-making body with elected members that helped govern the Virginia colony
House of Burgesses
a statement meant to keep Europe out of American affairs
Monroe Doctrine
the practice of taking sailors and forcing them to serve in the navy
impressment
a Spanish invader who explored and conquered parts of the Americas
conquistador
the delegate who designed the Virginia Plan and became known as the “Father of the Constitution”
James Madison
the suspension of trade
embargo
a religious movement that took place during the 1740s
Great Awakening
During the 1760s, American colonists resisted
taxation without representation.
Which colonies offered settlers the most religious freedom?
Middle
One thing that helped Lincoln win the 1860 presidential election was
the split between northern and southern Democrats.
peacefully refusing to obey a law
civil disobedience
wrote a novel against slavery
Harriet Beecher Stowe
promoted popular sovereignty
Compromise of 1850
southern military leader
Robert E. Lee
strategy of targeting both troops and their resources
total war
federal agency during Reconstruction
Freedmen’s Bureau
farmers who work land but do not own it
sharecroppers
religious movement starting in the 1820s
Second Great Awakening
speech made by Lincoln in 1863
Gettysburg Address
The Ku Klux Klan tried to
prevent African Americans from voting.
Abolitionists wanted slavery to end because they thought that
slavery was morally wrong and dehumanizing.
What present-day issue reflects issues similar to those of the Sabbatarian Controversy?
separation of church and state
What was the primary goal of women’s rights activists during the first half of the nineteenth century?
women’s suffrage
Identify one effect of the Civil War.
People began to see themselves as part of a nation.
Which state first seceded from the Union?
South Carolina
What was the outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Voters in Kansas and Nebraska were allowed to exercise popular sovereignty.
Why was the Fifteenth Amendment passed?
to give African American men the right to vote
Identify Benefits Explain the advantages that each side had as the Civil War began.
Union: The population of factory workers was increasing, which increased supplies manufactured. They had advanced railroads and agriculture.
Confederacy: They had a more powerful army under a more organized general, Robert E. Lee.
The Civil War began when
the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter.
The Emancipation Proclamation applied to
rebellious slave states.
Following Reconstruction, African Americans
slowly lost rights in the South.
Which of the following was a leading abolitionist?
Frederick Douglass
The Civil War ended when General Lee surrendered in
Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
How did the South react to slave revolts?
Slave owners treated slaves more harshly.
Hawaii was annexed in
1898, during the Spanish-American War.
Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy
depended on a strong military to achieve America’s goals.
Which woman founded the National Association of Colored Women to help African American families and those who were less fortunate?
Ida B. Wells
The “Rough Riders” were
a volunteer cavalry unit in the Spanish-American War.
What social problem did Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle describe?
the living and working conditions in Chicago’s stockyards
Progressive women reformers worked to
limit the workday.
Why was the U.S.S. Maine ordered to Cuba?
to protect American citizens
a community center that provided social services to the urban poor
settlement house
an organization that used the courts to challenge laws that were unfair to African Americans
NAACP
an organization that worked for women’s suffrage
NAWSA
legislation that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by spelling out the specific activities in which businesses could not engage
Clayton Antitrust Act
socially conscious writers who dramatized the need for reform
muckrakers
an activist who opened the country’s first birth-control clinic
Margaret Sanger
Theodore Roosevelt’s plan for fair government
Square Deal
president who attacked the “triple wall of privilege”
Woodrow Wilson
an African American leader who urged African Americans to demand immediate recognition of their rights
W.E.B. Du Bois
a man who led the Division of Forestry under President Theodore Roosevelt
Gifford Pinchot
Which reform did the Nineteenth Amendment enact?
women’s suffrage
Which political party did Woodrow Wilson represent in the 1912 presidential election?
the Democratic Party
Why was the work of muckrakers more effective than that of earlier groups?
Muckrakers sensationalized accounts in publications read by millions.
Industrial workers often labored
with unsafe machinery.
Which group experienced an early depression in the 1920s?
farmers
Congress instituted the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to loan money to
banks so that they could lend money to businesses to stimulate economic activity.
Which factor contributed to the spread of the Great Depression overseas?
The United States curtailed investment in Europe.
During the 1920s, the United States economy moved through which phase of the business cycle?
expansion
Why did volunteerism fail?
Businesses and citizens acted in their individual best interests.
Both African Americans and Mexican Americans had an especially difficult time during the Great Depression because they
faced discrimination when competing with white Americans for a limited number of jobs.
general who dispersed protestors in the capital by ordering federal troops to fire on them with tear gas
Douglas MacArthur
the theory that money invested in banks and businesses will work its way through the system to laborers
trickle-down economics
government efforts to encourage or pressure Mexican immigrants to return to Mexico
repatriation
president when the stock market crashed
Herbert Hoover
Dust Bowl refugees who moved westward to find work
Okies
agricultural workers who work on land owned by someone else
tenant farmers
risky stock purchases made by investors with the hope of high returns
speculation
the periodic expansion and contraction of the economy
business cycle
the occasion of the stock market crash
Black Tuesday
World War I veterans who marched to demand payment of money promised by Congress
Bonus Army
In 1929, the stock market crashed because
investors lost confidence in the market and rushed to sell their shares.
