Final Exam Flashcards
Physical patterns of growth: infancy lifespan (4)
- Gross motor skills
- Patterns of growth (cephalocaudal proximal distal)
- Dendrites
- Transient Exuberance
Cognitive patterns of growth: infancy lifespan (4)
- Object permanence
- Phonemes
- Morphemes
- Holophrases
Social patterns of growth: infancy lifespan (3)
- Synchrony
- Secure/Attachment
- Social Referencing
Physical patterns of growth: early childhood lifespan (4)
- Fine motor skills
- Corpus Collosum improves coordination
- Myelination of Axons increases Brain weight
Cognitive patterns of growth: early childhood lifespan (4)
- Symbolic Thought
- Syntax
- Semantics + Pragmatics
- Private Speech
Social patterns of growth: early childhood lifespan (4)
- Empathy
- Emotional regulation
- Pro-social behavior
- Anti-social behavior
Physical patterns of growth: middle childhood lifespan (4)
- Pruning
- Reaction Time
- Selective attention
- Aptititude
Cognitive patterns of growth: middle childhood lifespan
- Exec. Function
- Control Processes
- Information Processing
- Classification and Seriation
- Automatization
Social patterns of growth: middle childhood lifespan
- Child culture
- Social comparison
- Moral reasoning
Physical patterns of growth: adolescent lifespan
- Hypothalamus
- Sex hormones
- Amygdala
- Prefrontal cortex
Cognitive patterns of growth: adolescent lifespan
- Adolescent ego-centrism
- Hypothetical thinking
- Dual processing
Social patterns of growth: adolescent lifespan
- Identity achievement
- Role confusion
- Foreclosure
- Moratorium
Physical patterns of growth: early adulthood lifespan
- Positive category of symptoms
- Negative Category of symptoms
- Cognitive Category of symptoms
- Most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses
Cognitive patterns of growth: early adulthood lifespan
- Dialectical thought
- Post formal thought
- Objective vs Subjective
Social patterns of growth: early adulthood lifespan
- Linked lives
- Homogamy
- Helicopter parent
Physical patterns of growth: adulthood lifespan
- Senesence
- Sensory System declines
- farsightedness
- Presbycusis
- Menopause
Cognitive patterns of growth: adulthood lifespan (2)
- Selective optimization and compensation
2. Expertise
Social patterns of growth: adulthood lifespan
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- self actualization
- sandwich generation
Physical patterns of growth: late adulthood lifespan
- Chronological Age
- Functional Aging
- Cellular Clock Perspective
- Brain Death
Cognitive patterns of growth: late adulthood lifespan
- Neurocognitive disorder
- Short term memory
- Explicit long term memory
- Implicit short term memory
Social patterns of growth: late adulthood lifespan
- Palliative care
- bereavement
- Dual process-model of coping with bereavement
- Loss-oriented stressors
- Restoration oriented stressors
- Complicated grief
Infancy intro
the body grows, the senses develop, and with those changes babies become aware of their bodies, the world and the people in it. Infants crave stimulation on the physical cognitive and social level to develop these areas.
Gross motor skills
large movements made with the body arms or legs
Patterns of growth
cephalocaudal and proximal distal
Dendrites
branched nerve cells
Transient Exuberance
Growth stage in which dendrites proliferate rapidly for a short period
Object permanence
Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even if they cannot be perceived
Phonemes
the smallest meaningful units of sound
Morphemes
Simple words
Holophrases
Words used to convey the meanings of sentences
Synchrony
Put simply, the parent must demonstrate explicit and implicit responsiveness to their child.
Secure/Attachment
Attachment is essentially an infants trust that their parent will meet their primary physical and emotional needs.
Social Referencing
(deferring to the affective displays of the caregiver) in new or strange situations to receive comfort and confidence.
Early Childhood Intro
Piaget’s favorite age, he deemed this age group the “little scientist”, this is a stage in which children use their senses to explore and learn in a straightforward, rather empirical manner.
Fine motor skills
Dexterity
Corpus Collosum
a thick band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing for lateralization of the brain = physical coordination
Axons
threadlike part of a nerve the conducts impulses
___1___ increases as axons of dendrites become ___2___ (2B)
- Brain weight 2. myelinated 2B. (coated with fat)
Symbolic Thought
Symbolic thought allows a child to think in symbols, such as words or pictographs referencing unseen concepts.
Syntax
formation of sentences w words
Semantics + Pragmatics
This means they grasp both the literal meaning of sentences and the contextual meaning
Private Speech
internal dialogue, used to explain events to themselves, exercising their symbolic thinking and aiding in retention of said unseen things.
Empathy
an understanding of other peoples feelings
Emotional regulation
the ability to control when and how emotions are expressed
Pro-social behavior
Pro-social behavior is kindness, helpfulness, or patience, without any obvious personal benefit
Anti-scoail behavior
actions which are intended to cause physical or emotional harm.
Middle Childhood Intro
During middle childhood, children have more athletic proportions and motor skills continue to improve. Dendritic growth in the brain slows, but pruning (technically begins in early childhood) continues
Pruning
the shriveling and elimination of unnecessary synapses and it is a process that continues into adolescence
Reaction Time
the time it takes to respond to a stimulus
Selective attention
focus
Aptititude
the potential to master specific skill or knowledge,
Exec. Function
the ability to plan and analyze and execute
Control Processes
emotional regulation and executive function
Information Processing
the process of acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display, and dissemination of information
Classification and Seriation
organizing things into groups or series
Automatization
the cultivation of an automated skill through repetition. For example, automatization is useful when learning to read or count.
Child culture
the customs rules and rituals of children
Social comparison
comparing oneself to others to develop self concept
Moral reasoning
the application of empathy and logic to moral dilemmas they encounter.
Hypothalamus
Secretes hormones Hormones that cause a chain reaction stimulating many hormones including the sex hormones.
Sex hormones
stimulate growth, and sexual differenciation in the form of primary and secondary sex characteristics.
Amygdala
the instinctual and emotional area of the brain
Prefrontal cortex
the analytic area of the brain
Adolescent ego-centrism
a state of intense self-consciousness
Hypothetical thinking
Hypothetical thinking is the ability to make deductions based on observations that may not be based in reality.
Dual processing
the notion that the brain processes stimuli/emotions and analytical reasoning separately.
Identity achievement
a considered mediation between the many values imposed on teenagers by parents, peer pressure, and culture.
Role confusion
how to synthesize or discard a religious identity with a political identity or perhaps a gender identity?
Foreclosure
the acceptance of traditional roles and values without much thoughtful consideration.
Moratorium
an exploration of many identities which often continues into emerging adolescence.
Emerging Adulthood Intro
Emerging adulthood is when most have reached full physical development. Emerging adults are relatively physically healthy, though there is a higher incidence of mental illness than in any other lifespan. These problems may begin early but the stresses of this newly independent stage may exacerbate them.
Positive category of symptoms
overt, noticeably atypical behaviors
Negative Category of symptoms
less obvious behavior that inhibits the ability to engage
Cognitive Category of symptoms
internal, cognitive symptoms
Most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses
depressive and anxiety disorders, or Schizophrenia.
Dialectical thought
both thesis (an idea) and antithesis (an opposing idea), can be considered simultaneously or synthesized into an entirely new idea.
Post formal thought
a flexible and comprehensive approach to problem solving.
Objective vs Subjective
abstract impersonal knowledge vs. experience intuition
Linked lives
they are not fully independent, and parents often still have a hand in their growth and success
Homogamy
the choosing of romantic partners within similar ethnicity, religion or socioeconomic background
Helicopter parent
parents impede maturation of their offspring through micromanagement.
Senesence
Aging
Sensory System declines
Declines with each passing decade, includes farsightedness and presbycusis
Presbycusis
loss of the ability to hear sounds of high frequency
Menopause
losing their reproductive ability as they are no longer have gametes, unlike men, who continue producing them.
Selective optimization and compensation
willfully choosing to optimize their development despite these setbacks
Expertise
a product of accumulated knowledge and experience that results in thinking that is intuitive, automatic, strategic, and flexible.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
each individual must first fulfill ones needs in the specific order of 1. Physiological Survival 2. Security (Physical and financial) 3. Love and belonging 4. Esteem building and last, 5. Self actualization.
self actualization
the process of fulfilling ones unique potential outside of ones own necessities
Chronological Age
measured by time spent alive.
Functional Aging
the ability of the mind and body to perform tasks.
Cellular Clock Perspective
functional aging is caused by the shortening of telomeres (portion of chromosome) impeding the mitosis of biological cells.
Brain Death
the irreversible cessation of brain function, is the last step of development.
Neurocognitive disorder
a disease that affects their ability to remember, analyze, and interact
Short term memory
temporarily stored information not intended for long term encoding
Explicit long term memory
conscious recollected thoughts
Implicit short term memory
unconscious or automatic behavior
Palliative care
specialized medical care to alleviate any uncomfortable symptoms and spend time with family
bereavement
a cognitive state one experiences when one loses someone they care about.
Dual process-model of coping with bereavement
managing both loss-oriented stressors and restoration-oriented
Loss-oriented stressors
Mourning
Restoration oriented stressors
recovery and acceptance
Complicated grief
Failure to fully recover from bereavement
