Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

How many people in the House of reps

A

435, 2 year terms

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2
Q

How many in the senate

A

100, 6 year terms

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3
Q

Congressional district

A

geographic district where one official represents for the House

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4
Q

Reapportionment

A

reapportion how many representatives each state gets every ten years after cencus

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5
Q

Malapportionment

A

voting power of its citizens is different than voting power of another district = unfair

senate is very very malapportioned

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6
Q

One person, one vote rule

A

each person’s vote should have the same amount of power = no malapportionment

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7
Q

Redistricting

A

drawing districts so each district is the same size (in terms of population)

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8
Q

Gerrymandering

A

redistricting so your party benefits

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9
Q

minority- majority district

A

gerrymander a district where you can maximize the voting power of the minority

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10
Q

descriptive representation

A

how much the member of congress looks like (same demographic) the people who are representing

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11
Q

Substantive representation

A

member of congress represents the same policy issues as the people in their district

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12
Q

trustee

A

member of congress doesn’t just think about their demographic but does what is right

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13
Q

instructed delegate

A

will only vote for what their district wants/ what benefits the district

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14
Q

Rules committee

A

committee in the just the house that decides the rules to consider and debate for a specific bill

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15
Q

fillibuster

A

tactic used by senators to block a bill to hold the floor and speak- if there isn’t cloture

To prevent a decision being made

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16
Q

cloture

A

limiting the amount of time a person can speak and how long you can spend on a bill- must pass with 3/5 majority of the senate

limits each person to one hour and a total of 100 hours for the bill to be discussed after cloture is invoked

16 senators sign a petition for cloture and then 3/5 of senate must agree

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17
Q

conference committee

A

when theres a disagreement between the house and the senate in passing a bill

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18
Q

veto override

A

both house and senate disapprove with 2/3 majority vote in both chambers

difficult because only about half of each party occupies the senate

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19
Q

Why we hate congress but like our member

A

Congress never actually gets anything done. We like our member though because they represent us and they push for us

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20
Q

Earmarks

A

adding spending that only benefit a certain amount of people

instructed delegate could do this to benefit their district

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21
Q

Rucho vs common cause

A

courts concluded that courts cannot fix gerrymandering issues

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22
Q

President- chief executive

A

appointment of power

cabinet

executive orders

take care clause

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23
Q

take care clause

A

president shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed

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24
Q

Why does trump have lots of executive orders?

A

because his supporters want results on easy issues and to fulfill what he said he was going to do for his campaign

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25
Q

President- chief legislator

A

veto power- has help from offices for policy advice

hard to get anything passed by government- power to pursuade

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26
Q

President- political party leader

A

most powerful party official

has staff in charge of regulating political standing (approval rating)

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27
Q

Commander in chief and restraints

A

in charge of army and navy

constraint- only congress can declare war, congress determines defense spending

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28
Q

Trump and bombing

A

has bombed a lot more than other presidents

29
Q

Head of state and restraints

A

main negotiator/ talker to other countries

restraint- senate must ratify treaties and sets department budget

30
Q

Characteristics of populism

A

charismatic outsider, appeals to nationalism, outreach to working class, uses media

31
Q

Executive order

A

president says he wants executive branch to carry out a certain law

can be taken away by next president

32
Q

Executive office of the President (EOP)

A

group of policy related offices that serves the president

33
Q

White House office

A

an EOP- handle’s president’s political needs

press secretary, chief of staff, media

34
Q

Formal/ constitutional powers

A

powers expressed in the constitution for the president- mostly in article 2

35
Q

Pardon

A

president can pardon someone for a national crime

governor can pardon for a state crime

36
Q

Treaty

A

agreement between countries- president can negotiate and sign but senate has to pass

37
Q

Problem with president appointing officials

A

senate has to approve the appointments

38
Q

State of the Union

A

allows the president to shape legislative process- to persuade congress

39
Q

President and going public

A

helps the president to use the people to persuade congress

often doesn’t work because citizens like to ignore the president

opposition can go public too

40
Q

Executive departments (bureaucracy)

A

cabinet (political appointees)-

state, treasury, defense

41
Q

Independent agencies

A

not under direction of executive branch- difficult for president to remove

established by congress

CIA, NASA, USPS

42
Q

Government corporations

A

provide a public service and produce revenue

AMTRAK, FDIC

43
Q

Implementation

A

all of the agencies/ corporations do their jobs to enforce the laws and do their jobs

44
Q

Interpretation

A

laws are vague and leave some points inresolved

45
Q

Code of federal regulations (CFR)

A

gives details of implementation

46
Q

Discretion

A

departments of bureaucracy have freedom in how to interpret policy

47
Q

Why is the DMV so bad?

A

No incentives, budget cuts if there is money leftover, hard to fire someone in the DMV

48
Q

Spoils system

A

Ended 1883- president could employ friends which would fund political parties

49
Q

Rendleton act

A

modern civil service system we know today

need to protect government agents cus if you try to fire them its under the assumption that its political

50
Q

hatch act

A

prohibits political activity by civil servants

can’t run for office or fund people running for office

51
Q

Two things yo need to bring a case to the supreme court

A

Must have a standing (well defined injury)

Must be a justiciable controversy - means that it is the Supreme Court’s job

52
Q

Appeals courts

A

If you lose in a district court, you have the right to go to appeals court

If you lose in appeals court, you can appeal to go to supreme court but can’t just go to supreme court

53
Q

District courts

A

the court you first go to

54
Q

State court system

A

state court different than federal court

55
Q

judicial review

A

The power by supreme court to declare acts or laws of legislative or executive branches unconstitutional

56
Q

Marbury vs Madison

A

Power of judicial review

Power to determine constitutionality

57
Q

Legal model of decision

A

Facts+ law = decision

non political

58
Q

Stare decisis

A

idea that judges must follow the precedent

59
Q

Precedent

A

court decision that is followed if there is a case with the same grounds

60
Q

Attitudinal model

A

Facts+ law = inconclusive

other factors have influence- judges own attitudes have an effect`

61
Q

Judicial restraint

A

court should let elected branches make decisions, should rarely intervene

try to remain outside of political questions

62
Q

Judicial activism

A

court should use powers to check the legislative and executive branches

necessary to protect injustices

63
Q

Strict construction/ original intent

A

Just look at the actual words of the constitution and follow that for decision making

64
Q

Broad construction/ modernism

A

interpret constitution as a living and adapting document

consider the spirit of the law/ its intent

65
Q

Jurisdiction

A

when a court has the power to “speak the law”

or to rule in the court

a state court has jurisdictional power to over all residents within the state

66
Q

Writ a certiori

A

Supreme Court orders a record of the case that happened in the lower court

67
Q

Iron triangle

A

Congress(make laws), interest groups (push for laws), executive agencies (enforce laws)

68
Q

whistleblowers

A

people who point out misbehavior of agencies/ corporations in the bureaucracy

69
Q

Minority leader and majority leader

A

Nancy pelosi and Paul Ryan