Final Exam

Question 1

Why are Personality Disorders not regularly diagnosed?

Answer 1

They are highly coordinated with other disorders, and regarded as “useless” by the psychology community.

Question 2

What are the Cluster A disorders?

Answer 2

The “Odd” personality disorders, similar to Schizophrenia: includes Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, and Schizotypal PD

Question 3

What are the Cluster B disorders?

Answer 3

The “Dramatic” personality disorders, similar to Narcissism

Question 4

What are the Cluster C disorders?

Answer 4

The “Anxious” personality disorders, similar to Anxiety: includes Avoidant PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD, and Dependent PD

Question 5

What is the difference between Paranoid PD and Schizophrenia?

Answer 5

There is no psychosis in PPD, very paranoid about other people, but it is not based on hallucinations.

Question 6

What is the prognosis for Paranoid PD?

Answer 6

Not very good; usually if someone with PPD is in treatment, it is because of someone else, which conflicts with symptoms of PPD. They are not receptive to therapy.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Schizoid PD?

Answer 7

Persistent indifference, limited emotional expression, and negative symptoms, not explained by psychosis - little interest in relationships or family

Question 8

What is the prognosis for Schizoid PD?

Answer 8

Very poor, as the diagnoses is not distressing to the subject, but it focuses on social skills through group therapy.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Schizotypal PD?

Answer 9

Odd, quirky behavior, ideas of reference short of delusions, odd thinking and speech patterns, unusual perceptual experiences, odd way of answering questions, believe they can will things to happen

Question 10

What are the characteristics of Avoidant PD?

Answer 10

Feelings of inadequacy, social inhibition, constant fear of rejection, preoccupation with criticism and rejection

Question 11

What is the difference between Social Anxiety Disorder and Avoidant PD?

Answer 11

With SAD, fear is directed toward the social situation, whereas with APD, fear is directed towards the relationship itself.

Question 12

What is the prognosis for APD?

Answer 12

People with this disorder want to be liked, and therefore they go out of their way to be good patients. Unfortunately, this is detrimental to the therapy process, as they will claim things work even if they don’t, just because they want to be good patients.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of Anti-Social PD?

Answer 13

A repeated pattern where someone violates the rights of others, due to a disregard for others; committing unlawful acts, lying, fighting, disregard for safety of self and others, lack of remorse and and irresponsibility for work/tasks/promises

Question 14

What are diagnoses guidelines for Anti-Social PD?

Answer 14

All characteristics must be tied back to a disregard for others, you cannot diagnose under the age of 18, and must be evident from at least age 15 and translate into adulthood.

Question 15

What percentage of inmates in prison quality for Anti-Social PD?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What percentage of people diagnosed with Anti-Social PD also meet a diagnosis for substance abuse?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

Mostly men are diagnosed with Anti-Social PD, while mostly women are diagnosed with Borderline PD.

Answer 17

True, the ratio is 4-1.

Question 18

There is a very high genetic component to Anti-Social PD.

Answer 18

True, 50%

Question 19

What is the prognosis for ASPD?

Answer 19

Fairly poor, treatment is usually compulsive and for substance abuse or violent tendencies.

Question 20

What are the characteristics for Borderline PD?

Answer 20

An overall instability of relationships and self image. Intense emotional reactions, anger issues, unstable sense of self, avoiding abandonment, suicidal ideation. Very black and white issues

Question 21

What is Dialectical Behavioral Therapy?

Answer 21

The preferred treatment for Borderline PD - it focuses on accepting emotions and emotional instability in order to focus on regulation and adaptive skills.

Question 22

What is the motivation behind Histrionic PD, and how is it different from Borderline PD?

Answer 22

The need to be the center of attention. Distress comes from emotional instability that is reliant on attention, whereas for BPD, distress is based on the emotional instability that is from the lack of understanding self and emotions.

Question 23

What is the difference between Histrionic PD and Narcissistic PD?

Answer 23

Both are based off of attention, but Narcissistic PD is based off of admiration and grandiosity, whereas Histrionic tends to be more “drama queen” type of attention.

Question 24

What is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?

Answer 24

A childhood mood disorder that has a baseline level of chronic moodiness that peaks with agitation into severe anger outbursts.

Question 25

What are the diagnosis guidelines for DMDD?

Answer 25

You must meet criteria for 1 year, and must be observed between ages of 6-10. You can only diagnose between ages 6-18.

Question 26

Why was DMDD created as a disorder?

Answer 26

As a way to address the over-diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children.

Question 27

What are the differences between DMDD and bipolar?

Answer 27

Bipolar is more episodic in outbursts, whereas DMDD is chronic level of agitation with the addition of outbursts.

Question 28

What is the difference between DMDD and Oppositional Defiance Disorder?

Answer 28

The both have the same pattern of irritability and anger outbursts, however, in ODD, the anger is targeted towards authority figures and correction/discipline/ and control over the subject.

Question 29

What is Conduct Disorder?

Answer 29

Essentially the childhood version of ASPD; a repeated violation of other’s rights and disregard for rules.

Question 30

What are the three ADHD subtypes and respective criteria?

Answer 30

Predominantly inattentive: 6 symptoms from attention
Predominantly hyperactive: 6 symptoms from hyperactive
Combined: 6 symptoms from both, 12 in total

Question 31

What is the difference between Factitious Disorder and Malingering?

Answer 31

With Factitious Disorder, there is no clear external reward only internal(attention), while with Malingering, there is a clear external reward, such as drugs, insurance, law suit, ect.

Question 32

What is the difference between Factitious Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Answer 32

Even though both may exaggerate symptoms, with Somatic Symptom Disorder, there is no intentional deception. With Factitious Disorder, the desire for attention is the driving factor, whereas with SSD, the physical distress is based on worry and thoughts. They believe they actually experience that pain, even though it may not be based in reality.

Question 33

What is the difference between the ALI and M’Naghten standards for criteria of insanity?

Answer 33

For M’Naghten, there must be a mental disease or defect that inhibits knowledge towards the nature and quality of the crime committed, or, that the act committed was wrongful. For ALI, one must lack the substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality of the conduct, or, the lack the ability to conform to the requirements of the law.