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Biology Lab 1115 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Diffusion

A

Passage of molecules from region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until a state of equilibrium is reached.

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2
Q

Higher temperatures does what to diffusion rates?

A

Faster diffusion

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3
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane

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4
Q

Dilute vs concentrated

A

Dilute= high water concentration, low solute concentration

Concentrated= low water concentration, high solute concentration

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5
Q

If iodine is permeable what happens when it is placed in a beaker with a starch dialysis bag?

A

Iodine moves into bag by diffusion

Water from iodine solution moves into bag by osmosis

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6
Q

What happens when iodine solution is in a dialysis bag in a beaker of starch solution?

A

Iodine moves into beaker by diffusion, water moves out by osmosis

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7
Q

Hemolysis

A

Rupture of blood cells

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8
Q

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Isotonic

A

High salt concentration, low water

Big water, low salt

Equal water and salt

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9
Q

What affect would 5% salt concentration do to a blood cell?

A

Crenation of blood cell as water leaves

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10
Q

What affect would adding water to blood cell cause?

A

Hypotonic- Cell will lyse (hemolysis) as water enters cell

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11
Q

Neutral red is a…

A

Acid-base indicator.

Red when neutral
Pink when acidic
Yellow when basic

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12
Q

Boiling has what cause on yeast cell membrane?

A

Causes denaturing of membrane so more holes let in more outside content. In experiment more sodium carbonate was let in causing cell to turn yellow.

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13
Q

Turgid vs plasmolysis

A

Swollen and congested: hypotonic

Expulsion of water and shrinkage of cell vacuole in response to hypertonic solution in plants.

Under microscope turgid cells look like they have no clear dividing

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14
Q

Autotrophs vs heterotrophs

A

Cells which can use sun energy directly (absorb light make food)

Ingest food made by autotrophs

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15
Q

Photosynthesis

Cellular respiration

A

Light driven synthesis of glucose

Consumption of glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

Photosynthesis is this time of reaction while cellular respiration is this type…

A

Endergonic

Exergonic

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17
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6Co2+6H20+energy—-c6H1206+6o2

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18
Q

Respiration equation

A

6O2+C6H12O6——-6H2O+6CO2+ATP

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19
Q

Chloroplast structure

A
  • outside double membrane
  • semi fluid interior strong
  • thylakoids (stack of these is called granum)(light reaction)
  • lamellae:connects grana
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20
Q

Mitochondrial structure

A
  • all eukaryotes
  • double membrane
  • inner membrane is folded into cristae.(ETC and ATP synthesizing)
  • semi fluid matrix (glycolysis)
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21
Q

Manometric technique

A

Measures total changes in gas volume within a closed system

22
Q

Colorimetric technique

A

Appearance or disappearance of a coloured material is monitored as a measure of a reaction.

23
Q

Why do leaves appear green?

A

Chlorophyll molecules of a chloroplast reflect or transmit the green light of the light spectrum. They absorb red-orange and violet-blue.

24
Q

What happens when a molecule of chlorophyll absorbs a photon?

A

Electron moves to higher orbital. Chlorophyll is now in excited state. I lectora can’t stay long and falls to ground state, as it falls its excess energy is given off as light (fluorescence).

If solution of chlorophyll is illuminated it will fluoresce in red-orange

25
Q

Why did little reaction take place in tin foil covered chloroplast solution?

A

Light reactions can’t take place

26
Q

What happened with uncoiled chloroplast?

A

Chloroplast is intact and light moves in and blue colour goes away as DPIP takes the colour.

Electrons that would be passed to Calvin cycle are passed to DPIP and this becomes reduced and becomes clearer.

27
Q

What about boiled chloroplasts?

A

Denatured proteins, chloroplasts not intact and no photosynthesis so no electrons passed to DPIP so colour stays dark blue.

28
Q

Why did you observe fluorescence in the tube with acetone?

A

Acetone disrupts electron acceptor chain so electrons drop and release heat and fluorescence.

29
Q

What do mitochondria look like under microscope?

A

Very small blue-black dots

30
Q

What is cytoplasmic streaming?

What part of cytoskeleton does this?

A

A flow inside cytoplasm

Microfilaments

31
Q

What is function of cytoplasmic streaming?

A

Transports nutrients, proteins and organelles within the cell.

32
Q

Genotype vs phenotype

A

Set of alleles or genetic makeup

Physical traits observed

33
Q

Karyotype of normal male and female

A

XY

XX

34
Q

Down syndrome

A

Extra chromosome 21

35
Q

Turner syndrome

A

One X chromosome

36
Q

Klinefelters

A

XXY

37
Q

Cri-Du-chat

A

Deletion of short arm of chromosome 5

Del 5

38
Q

The purpose of the vial of KOH or NaOH in the scholander apparatus was to….

A

Absorb CO2 released by cellular respiration.

39
Q

Catechol oxidase catalyze the formation of

A

Benzoquinone from catechol in the presence of oxygen

40
Q

Two components of central nervous system

A

Brian and spinal cord

41
Q

Two most common types of fivers in areolar

A

Elastic

Collagen

42
Q

Two places where globate cells are found

A

Trachea

Small intestine

43
Q

Chromosomes that are identical in structure and carry genes for the same traits are said to be

A

Homologous

44
Q

Number of carbon in deoxyribose

A

5

45
Q

In every somatic cell there are 22 Paris of

A

Autosomes

46
Q

Mitosis chromosome count

A

2n except anaphase is 4n

47
Q

Meiosis 1 chromosome count

A

2n until telophase which is n

48
Q

Meiosis 2 chromosome count

A

n until anaphase 2 which is 2n

49
Q

Parafocal

A

Lens that stay in focus when magnification is changed

50
Q

Keratinized has what cells where?

A

Cuboidal at bottom that get pushed up and turn to squamous. These die and combine with keratin to form outer skin layer.

51
Q

Calvin cycle takes place where?

A

Stroma

52
Q

Using a spectrophotometer

A 
Press A/T/C
Press up or down on nm for wavelength 
Put blank in
Press 0ABS/100%T
Put in experimental tubes

Biology Lab 1115 (2 decks)

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