FINAL EXAM Flashcards
All the following are true regarding Hanin’s Individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)
identifies emotional patterns optimal performance can include positive and negative performance positive performance enhancing positive performance impairing negative perofrmance enhancing negative performance impairing
Coach Johnson is a beginning coach who frequently hinders his players’ achieving a peak performance by:
inability to deal with crisis unrealistic expectations overcoaching and excessive interactions with team members inability to make fair decision inability to keep it simple
According to Jones and colleagues, the framework of mental toughness contains which two (2) subcomponents?
belief and focus
Which statement(s) is/are TRUE regarding the psychological construct of flow?
state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter
base of intrinsically motivated experience or self-rewarding activity
not directly associated with peak performance
psychological process underlying peak performance
enjoyment an intrinsically rewarding
Sue is more likely to experience flow than Sally because she has:
9 dimensions
challenges of situation match skills of athlete
awareness and action merge
goals are clear
feedback indicate that we were correct
total concentration on the task
paradox of control, without actively attempting to be in control
loss of self-consciousness
time seems to speed up of slow down
experience is enjoyable - becomes the rewards
what are characteristic necessary for success at the highest level in sport?
high self confidence total commitment strong performance focus ability to cope with stress and distraction good attention focus rebound from mistakes optimistic attitude high personal standarts
Which are psychological characteristics during peak experiences in sport?
loss of fear no fear of failure total immersion in activity narrow focus of attention on present feeling in complete control time/space disorientation feeling that performance was automatic and effortless control over emotions and control
Interviews with elite athletes have found that when they perform poorly it is often because they?
over or underarousal worried about losing losing focus when under pressure depart from normal routine do not adhere to mental preparation
Elite compared to less elite athletes benefit more from switching these two imagery techniques:
external imagery technique
internal imagery technique
Imagery involves which of the following senses?
auditory - sound olfactory - smell gustatory - taste tactile - touch kinesthetic - feel
Bioinformational theory states that mental image is an organized set of characteristics stored in the brain’s long-term memory. The characteristics which activate the content of the image are:
stimulus characteristics: describe the content of the image for them
response characteristics: describe what their responses are to the stimuli in that situation.
Stimulus and response propositions deal with which explanation for why imagery works?
bioinformational theory
When we say that imagery is a “polysensory experience”, we mean that:
controllability
vividness: how clearly athletes can see an image and how detailed the image appears to them
it uses all relevant senses
Sue realizes that she performs poorly on tests because she gets so anxious that she loses confidence. She wants to improve her test taking and for weeks before her next test she imagines sitting down to take the test while remaining calm, in control, and totally confident. The preceding is an example of:
Self-awareness
A person who images playing a musical instrument from the perspective of being inside his own body has an:
Internal imagery perspective
Basic imagery training involves training in:
vividness
controling
self-awareness
An optimal time(s) to use imagery is:
daily (before during and after practice)
in different places and positions
All of the below are techniques for identifying self-talk
retrospection
imagery
keeping a self-talk book
We can use our self-talk to:
skill acquisition and performance changing bad habits attention control creating mood and controlling effort changing mood and the effect of emotions building self-efficacy and confidence adoption and maintenance of exercise behavior
All are examples of distorted thinking
perfection is essential catastrophizing worth depends on achievement personalization fallacy of fairness blaming polarized thinking and labeling one trial generalizations shoulds emotional reasoning
The ABC cognitive restructuring technique, based on the work of Albert Ellis, suggests that:
keeping a daily record in which athletes record not only their upsetting thoughts but also the resulting feelings and behavior and the negative events that triggered them.
cognitive techniques for improving performance?
thought-stoppage changing negative thoughts to positive thoughts countering reframing ABC cognitive restructuring affirmation statements mastery and coping tapes video technology
ways to assess self-talk?
countering - internal dialogue, use of facts and reasons
reframing - creating alternative frames, identify irrational and distorted thinking
Which of the following is believed to be a mechanism that produces negative self-talk?
inappropriate or misguided thinking usually leads to negative feelings and poor performance
thoughts directly affect feelings and ultimately actions
Using a trigger word or image to stop negative self-statements is called
Thought stoppage: interrupting or stopping the undesirable thought.
Self-efficacy is defined as an individual’s judgment about his/her
situational specific type of confidence referring to one´s expectation of suceeding at a specific task
Guidelines for writing/achieving affirmation statements include all of the following
affirmation is believable and vivid should capture the desired feeling slogans self-esteem list success list avoid perfectionist statements
