FINAL Flashcards
coaching attitudes that hinder team success
inability to deal with crisis unrealistic expectations overcoaching and excessive interactions with team members inability to make fair decision inability to keep it simple
abilities of successful athletes
imagery attentional focus maintaining concentration positive self talk goal setting high confidence ...
scales that measure psychological skills used by athletes
psychological skills inventory for sport
test of performance strategy
ottawa mental skills assessment
two subcomponents the framework of mental toughness contains according to jones and colleagues
belief and focus
characteristics of mental toughness
unshakable believe
stay focused
regulate performance
cope with pressure
the psychological contruct of flow
state in which people are so involved in activity that nothing else matters
not directly associated with peak performance
intrinsically motivated
9 dimensions of experience flow
challenges of situation matches skills of athlete
awareness and action merge
goals are clear
feedback indicate correctness
total concentration on the task
paradox of control without being actively attempting to be in control
no self-consciousness or self evaluation
time seems to speed up or slow down
enjoyable - participation its own rewards
4 groups of emotional states associtated with Hanin’s Individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model
positive performance enhancing
positive performance impairing
negative performance enhancing
negative performance impairing
when are athletes most likely to succeed
when emotional state is within Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning IZOF
characteristic necessary for success at the highest level in sport
high self confidence total commitment strong performance focus ability to cope well with stress and distraction good attention focus ability to rebound from mistakes ...
psychological characteristic during peak experiences in sport
loss of fear total immersion in activity narrow focus of attention on the present feeling in complete control time/space disorientation ....
reasons why elite athletes might perform poorly
over- or under arousal worrying about losing depart from normal routine lose focus when under pressure do not adhere to mental preperation plans ...
broad external attention focus
surveying the field
understand potential hazards, different conditions and potential targets
narrow external attention focus
deliver a pass
replay past action and reconsider results
make minor changes
definition of choking
significant drop in performance when under pressure
athletes cannot regain control without external assistance
focus on pressure -> physiological arousal gets too high
what can lead to choking
physiological and attentional changes
performance problems
attentional changes
narrowing of intention
internal focus of attention
what strategies reduce the novelty effect on performance
strategy 1 - dress rehearsal
strategy 2 - rehearsal of simulated competition experience
strategy 3 - mental rehearsal
strategy to stay centered
strategy 2 - centering
centering
reduces arousal and stops negative and task irrelevant focus
we are centered when our BW is distributed about our center of mass
conscious process used to adjust BW about center of mass
timing of centering
as close as possible to motor sequence
broad internal attentional focus
recall previous try - consider what affected activity and what might need to be changed
when is play to strengths as pressure increases benefitial
if dominant attentional style matches demands of task and if individual is confident in abilities
how does Nideffer describe the components of choking
progressive and uncontrollable performance decrease
attention becomes involuntarily more internally focussed
when does choking according to Nideffer occur
when physiological arousal increases beyond desired level
skill that teaches performers to hold attention on a predetermined task and if attention wanders to return it
focus training - similar to meditative practices
how could choking be prevented
eliminate physical feelings associated with excessive tension
ignore, reinterpret physical feelings
incorperate detailed pre-performance routine
when are you centered within a performance situation
when BW is distributed about the center of mass when it feels comfortable
what is the process of centering used for
adjust BW to feel centered and in control
why has a power gender imbalanced occured in coaching since Title IX was passed
nowadays money in female sports available - more male coaches are interested
definition of sexual discrimination
rooted in institutional practices that undermine the confidence, performance, and advancement prospects of an individual
whats tge problem with sexual harassment in sports
difficult to detect but a space to exist
feelings that many victims of harassment can feel
humilation and degrading undermines self-esteem depression not caring about appearance blame self, ashamed guilty suicidal
possibe conseqeunce of being harassed for athletes
athletic performance deterioration
decreased interest in academic and personal goals
withdrawn from team/staff
sexual harassment components
submitting or rejecting this conduct is used as the basis for making decisions that affect the individual
such conduct has the ouropse of effect of interfering with an individual´s performance
conduct creates an intemidating , hostile or offensive environment
objective and subjective nature of sexual harassment and discrimination
personal and psychological impact of same bahvior can be differnet
definition of grooming
process in wich perpentrator isolates and prepares abb intended victim
steps of grooming
targeting victim
building trust and friendship
developing isolation
initiation of sexual abuse
policy for choaches and teachers
use discretion when alone with athlete
don´t drive alone with athlete
don´t touch athlete outside of necessary
document behavior
guard against any action that has slightest appearance of harassment
don´t say anything and listen to false accusation
who is vulnerable to sexual harassment
women
individuals who feel little interest in them from loved ones
two imagery techniques that elite athletes benefit from
external imagery perspective
internal imagery perspective
external imagery perspective
seing themself performing from outside their body
internal imagery perspective
see themself from inside
the way they normally see performance
only way to experience kinesthetic imagery
how can imagery improve performance
if it is done systematically
can enhance emotions and thoughts
senses involved in imagery
auditory - sound olfactory - smell gustatory - taste tactile - touch kinesthetic - feel or sensation of the body as it moves in space
basics of bioinformational theory
assumes that mental image is an organized set of propositions or characteristics, stored in the brain´s long-term memory
basics of functional equivalent theory
imagery causes the brain to activate the same areas and processes as when the movement is actually executed
imagery has similar functional outcomes as the actual movement
when is imagery more functionally equivalent
it includes feelings associated with event
all settings are similar to event
when its internal in perspective
what is bioinformational
for imagery to facilitate sport performance, response characteristics must be activated to they can be modified, improved and strengthend
how would an ideal self-imae exercise look like
athletes should imagine themselves display the skill they would like to have
compare ideal self image with current self image
continue doing that to make difference clear
daily practice of imagery
before, after, and during practice
types of use of imagery
daily practice
pre performance
post performance
what kind of training does basic imagery training involve
mental training -> systematic practice and use of engaging in vivid and controllable polysensory images to enhance performance
what is an athletes control of images
ability to imagine what they intend to imagine
manipulate aspects of images they want to change
what is optimal time to practice imagery
daily in different locations and positions
what does imagery help athletes with
optimize arousal (psych up, cool down), attention and confidence
techniques for identifying self-talk
retrospection
imagery
keeping a self talk book
what do steinmetz et al. say regarding self-talk
it is negative and /or based on irrational beliefs
what are self-talk and particular thinking habits for
influencing confidence, feelings, and behavior/performance
examples of distorted thinking
perfection is essential catastrophizing worth depends on achievement personalization fallacy of fairness blaming polarized thinking and labering
parts of the ABC cognitive restructuring technique
A -> briefly describe activating event whaht happends, what one saw and heard
B -> record exact content of whatever dysfunctional self-talk one thought or said loud
C -> record the resulting emotional and behavioral consequences
what can paying too much attention to undesirable thoughts lead to
it can be detrimental/negative
what needs to happen if an athlete focuses too much on undesirable thought
coach or psych. need to instruct athlete how to start dealing with those
what are cognitive techniques to improve performance
thought stoppage changing neg. thoughts to pos. thoughts countering reframing ABS cognitive restructuring mastery and coping tapes ...
ways to assess self-talk
countering
reframing
countering
internal dialogue that uses facts and reasons to refute underlying beliefs that lead to neg. thinking
reframing
creating different ways to look at the world
being able to identify irrational and distorted thinking
what is sport devaluation
reflected by lack of concern for sport and performance quality
symptoms of sport devaluation
reduced concern for sport and performance quality
question the value of sport
what is the sens eof success and beign effective in one´s environment part of
self-determination theory
self-determination theory
used to understand athlete burnout
athletes who don´t feel autonomous competent or related w/ others in sports will be motivated for less self determined reasons
by what is physiological outcome influenced
the nature of one´s motivation
what does most effective motivation result from
individual choice rather than internal or external pressure
areas of worklife
workload control reward community fairness values
what is Social connection to others reflected by feelings of acceptance and belonging,
relatedness
what is positive psychological experience in contrast to burnout
engagement
what si engagement characterized with
confidence
dedication
vigor and enthusiasm
what is an important step in preventing athlete burnouts
assess situations
evaluate if potential symptoms exists
gathering as much info as possible
sense of success and beign effective in one´s environment
competence
what is the integral to training periodization
intense training
recovery
mechanism to achieve higher level of functioning
following intense training
reducing fatigue and regaining vitality
how are overtraining charactericed
performance decrements and exhaustion that fail to improve even with rest
repeated failure of body´s adaptive mechanisms to cope with stress
what is overreaching
elevated fatigue and performance decrements that athlete can recover from
can be intentional as part of training
needs to be carefully planned
A multidimensional, cognitive-affective syndrome characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation
burnout
what does a negative impact of burnout include
performance decrements
decreased motivation
potential dropouts
troubled social relations
psychosocial stress
imbalance between sport demands and ability to meet demands
