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linguistic anthropology > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

the transmission of signals accomplished by means other than spoken or written words

A

nonverbal communication

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2
Q

characteristics of vocal communication considered marginal or optimal, and therefore excludable from linguistic analysis

A

paralanguage

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3
Q

the study of body language

A

kinesics

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4
Q

the study of the cultural patterning of the spatial separation individuals maintain in face to face encounters

A

proxemics

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5
Q

system in which each different distinct sound of language would be represented by a single separate sign, or “letter”

A

alphabet

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6
Q

writing of the Sumerians, 3,500 BCE; used to keep economic records for temples and other religious and official purposes

A

cuneiform

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7
Q

the smallest distinctive unit of sound of a language

A

phoneme

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8
Q

smallest unit of meaning in a language; the smallest contrast units of grammar

A

morpheme

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9
Q

rules that create interrogative sentences, commands or passives; take a simple or basic sentence and using one of these rules, transform it to another kind of sentence

A

transformational grammar

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10
Q

the manner in which words of a language are strung together into sentences

A

syntax

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11
Q

the word lists of a language (dictionary)

A

lexicon

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12
Q

the values and beliefs that people use to interpret experience and generate behavior, and which are reflected in their behavior

A

culture

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13
Q

a group of people who occupy a specific locality and who share a common cultural tradition and language

A

society

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14
Q

the immersion of an anthropological fieldworker for an extended period of time in the day to day activities of the people whom they study

A

participant observation

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15
Q

concern with a system as a whole rather than with only some of its parts; defining feature of anthropology

A

holistic approach

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16
Q

reconstructed parent languages

A

protolanguages

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17
Q

lexical borrowings from one language by another, usually designate elements of foreign cultures and can be frequently identified by their different phonetic structure

A

loan words

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18
Q

investigates relationships between earlier and later forms of the same language, antecedents in older languages for developments in modern ones, and questions of relationship between older languages

A

historical linguistics

19
Q

languages that do not appear to be related to any other

A

language isolates

20
Q

argued that in the absence of historical records extending several thousand years into the past, it was possible to discover where the speakers of proto-algonquian, the language that must have been ancestral to the present algonquian languages; reconstructed 53 proto-algonquian words referring to particular features in the environment

A

frank siebert jr.

21
Q

a pidgin that has become the first language of a speech community

A

creole

22
Q

the casual, normal spoken form of the language or dialect of the person’s speech community

A

vernacular

23
Q

knowledge of what is and what is not appropriate to say in any specific cultural context

A

communicative competence

24
Q

minimal unit of speech for purposes of an ethnographic analysis, maybe a greeting, apology, question, compliment, self-introduction

A

speech act

25
Q

all those who share specific rules for speaking and interpreting speech and at least one speech variety

A

speech community

26
Q

endow a particular activity with meaning; considering it as stopped in time and examined as a unit (bargaining, complaining, etc)

A

frame

27
Q

method to discover how natives conceive of the structure of a particular domain through their lexicon

A

componential analysis

28
Q

powerful influence by one

A

hegemony

29
Q

state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition

A

ethnicity

30
Q

using two languages from different communities to shift styles for various purposes based situation or individuals they are with

A

code switch

31
Q

refers to someone’s social or cultural identity as a male or female

A

gender

32
Q

gender-associated varieties of language; tannen - each gender has different means of accomplishing conversational goals

A

genderlects

33
Q

the language of the indonesian gay community

A

bahasa binan

34
Q

physical embodiment of cultural capital

A

habitus

35
Q

beliefs about a language expressed by speakers as their conceptualization of the nature and function of language

A

language ideology

36
Q

African American English/African American Vernacular English

A

AAE/AAVE

37
Q

describes the condition in which a person’s social gender identity does not match one’s assigned biological sexual identity

A

transgender

38
Q

stereotypical language found within gay, lesbian and transgender communities

A

lavender linguistics

39
Q

jargon or slang of a particular group or class

A

argot

40
Q

deeply ingrained habits, skills and dispositions that we possess due to life experiences, value of a particular culture; what do you believe and what practices do you subscribe to; value of something within a market; includes linguistic abilities; associated with social capital which starts off from family you’re born into

A

cultural capital

41
Q

two distinct varieties of a language from two different sets of functions; state with two language with one given prestige

A

diglossia

42
Q

sexual or romantic attraction to another person, ranges on a spectrum

A

sexual orientation

43
Q

language spoken without others knowing what is being said

A

secret language

linguistic anthropology (3 decks)

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