Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tetrapod?

A

Vertebrates with 4 feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What groups are tetrapods?

A

Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Ichthyostega?

A

The First “Amphibian”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Caecilian?

A

snake like creature, usually blind

Class Amphibia Order Gymnophiona

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some general characteristics of Order Caudata?

A 
Salamanders and Newts
Tail, Carnivores
Moist habitats with aquatic larva
Internal Fertilization
Respiration - gills, lungs, and cutaneous
Sensitive to environmental changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some of the factors that allow for life in terrestrial environments?

A

Body Support
Desiccation - keep from drying out
Respiration
Temperature fluctuations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some general characteristics of Order Anura?

A

Frogs and Toads
Moist environments, skin is water permeable
External fertilization, aquatic larva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some differences between larval and adult Anurans?

A

Larvae - herbivores, no legs, tail, aquatic

Adults - predators, four legs, no tail, both aquatic and terrestrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the skin help amphibians?

A

Skin Resists: desiccation and UV rays
Secretions: Protect against bacterial and fungal infections
Apoematic Coloration: Warning coloring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many chambers does the amphibian heart have? What are the two circuits of the circulatory system?

A

3 Chambered Heart

Pulmonary and Systematic Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Pulmonary Circulation?

A

Goes to lungs and distributes oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Systematic Circulation?

A

Goes to the body and picks up oxygen through the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some of the ways that amphibians exchange gases?

A

Cutaneous - through the skin
Buccopharyngeal - across the mouth and pharynx
Pulmonary Ventilation - forcing air into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some ways in which amphibians regulate their temperature?

A

Basking

Cool burrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some ways in which amphibians conserve water?

A

Skin is water permeable
Live in high humidity
Nocturnal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the amniotic egg and why is it important?

A

Key to success in terrestrial environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the main structures in the amniotic egg?

A 
Amnion - moisture and shock absorption
Allantois - waste sac
Chorion - protection and gas exchange
Yolk sac - nutrients
Albumin - moisture and protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some general characteristics of Order Testudine?

A

Turtles
Horny beak, no teeth
very vulnerable
Long life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the external structure of turtles

A

Dorsal - Carapace

Ventral - Plastron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some general characteristics of Order Squamata?

A 
Snakes and Lizards
Oviparous, ovoviviparous or vivparous
some are venomous
Skin of thick, dry, keratinized scales
skin not used for diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a worm lizard?

A

Rare
Most legless
Burrowers
Oviparous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is the secondary palate important?

A

Allows for eating/drinking and breathing simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Autotomy?

A

Can self sever limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do snakes feed? What adaptations do they have for feeding?

A

Swallow prey whole

They have an unhingable jaw to allow swallowing of large prey items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are neurotoxins and hemotoxins?

A

Neuro - attacks the nerve centers

Hemo - attacks blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many chambers does the reptilian heart have?

A

3 Chambered Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do reptiles regulate their temperature?

A

Basking, Panting, Burrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Discuss some of the nervous and sensory functions of reptiles.

A

Increased smell and vision
Forked tongue
Pit vipers possess pit organs allowing them to locate warm blooded prey
Turtles can sense magnetic fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a three eyed reptile?

A

Parietal eye

Reacts to shadows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are some general characteristics of Order Crocodylia?

A 
Crocodiles and Alligators
Elongated Snout
Predators
Oviparous
Parental Care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are some characteristics of Archaeopteryx?

A

Long tail, clawed fingers, toothed beak and feathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are some adaptations that birds have for flight?

A

Wings, Feathers, Endothermic, High Metabolic Rate, Light Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the two types of feathers we discussed?

A

Pennaceous feathers - rachis (stalk)

Plumalaceous feathers - wispy/down feathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the Proventriculus and Ventriculus?

A

Pro - true stomach

Ventriculus - gizzard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many chambers does the avian heart have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is binocular vision? What type of bird might have more monocular vision or more binocular vision?

A

Binocular - using both eyes to see

Active hunters have more binocular vision than non active hunters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the three mating strategies that we discussed?

A

Monogamous
Polygynous
Polyandrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Define Monogamous mating

A

Mate for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Define Polygynous mating

A

One male mates with more than one female
Usually young require less parental care
Happens when resources are more limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Define Polyandrous mating

A

One female mates with multiple males

Many resources available but also many predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Define Altricial

A

Young is entirely dependent on parent’s at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Define Precocial

A

Young is fully functional and requires limited parental care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the three infraclasses of mammals?

A

Ornithodelphia
Metatheria
Eutheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why is hair important to mammals?

A

temperature regulation
sensory
protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are Vibrissae?

A

Whiskers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the four types of glands that we discussed for mammals?

A

Sebaceous glands
Sudoriferous glands
Scent/musk glands
Mammary gland

47
Q

What is the function of the Sebaceous glands?

A

Oil glands associated with hair follicles

48
Q

What is the function of the Sudoriferous glands?

A

Sweat glands associated with evaporative cooling

49
Q

What is the function of the scent/musk glands?

A

Secrete pheromones

50
Q

What is the function of the mammary glands?

A

secrete milk

51
Q

Homodont versus heterodont?

A

Homodont - teeth are uniform (reptiles)
Heterodont - teeth are specialized
Incisors, Canines, Premolars, and Molars

52
Q

How might the digestive tract differ between a herbivore and a carnivore?

A

Herbivores have a longer digestive tract than carnivores

53
Q

How many chambers does the mammalian heart have?

A

4

54
Q

What are the difference between hibernation and aestivation?

A

Hibernation - sleeping through the cold months

Aestivation - sleeping through the summer months

55
Q

What class does the Order Urodela belong to?

A

Amphibia

56
Q

What class does the Order Gymnophiona belong to?

A

Amphibia

57
Q

What Class does the Order Anura belong to?

A

Amphibia

58
Q

What Class does the Order Squamata belong to?

A

Reptilia

59
Q

What Class does the Order Testudines belong to?

A

Reptilia

60
Q

How many described species are there?

A

1.4-1.7 million

61
Q

How many Animal species are there?

A

1 million

62
Q

Who was the creator of Binomial Nomenclature?

A

Karl von Linne

63
Q

What is a Cell?

A

The smallest independent unit of life

64
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Lack nuclei and organelles

65
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Contains a membrane bound nucleus with DNA, larger, more complex

66
Q

What are the basic parts of a Eukaryotic Cell?

A

Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

67
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

68
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

69
Q

What is Simple Diffusion?

A

Diffusion

70
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

A

process by which polar molecules diffuse across cell membranes with the help of transport proteins.

71
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

process whereby cells absorb material outside their cell membranes

72
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

“Cell Drinking”

73
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

“Cell Eating”

74
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Process whereby cells expel waste

75
Q

What does it mean to be Isotonic?

A

Same concentration both inside and outside the cell

76
Q

What does it mean to be Hypertonic?

A

Cells have a water concentration that is greater

inside the cell rather than outside of the cell

77
Q

What does it mean to be Hyptonic?

A

Cells often have a water concentration that is lower than outside of the cell.

78
Q

What is “Darwin’s Theory of Evolution”

A 
Perpetual Change
Common Descent
Multiplication of Species
Gradualism
Natural Selection
79
Q

What is Perpetual Change?

A

All species are in a continuous state of change

80
Q

What is meant by Common Descent?

A

All species have descended from a common ancestor through branching lineages

81
Q

Define Multiplication of Species

A

New species are created via the transformation of existing species

82
Q

What is Gradualism?

A

Large differences in characteristics between species developed gradually over time

83
Q

What is meant by Natural Selection?

A

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
There is variation within populations
Some of these variations are passed on to offspring
Survival and reproduction are not random

84
Q

What is Microevolution

A

Change in allele frequencies over time

85
Q

What is Macroevolution

A

Large scale evolutionary changes

86
Q

What is Genetic Drift?

A

Changes in allele frequencies due to chance events

Greatest effects in small populations

87
Q

What is a Population Bottleneck?

A

Change in gene frequency due to a reduction in population size

88
Q

What is the Founder’s Effect?

A

Colonization of an island or patch by a small number of individuals
Very small population sizes

89
Q

What is Stabilizing Selection?

A

genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value.

90
Q

What is Directional Selection?

A

a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction.
Occurs most often under environmental chnages

91
Q

What is Disruptive Selection?

A

extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values.

92
Q

What is the hierarchy of Ecological Systems?

largest to smallest

A 
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
93
Q

What is a fundamental niche?

A

Habitats without the threat of predation, competition, or resource limitation

94
Q

What is a realized niche?

A

Habitats where a species naturally (or actually) lives

95
Q

What are Density Dependent Factors?

A

Influence on individuals in a population varies with the degree of crowding within the population.
(Food Supply, Places to live, Predators, Parasites, and diseases)

96
Q

What are Density Independent Facotrs?

A

Influence on individuals in a population does not vary with the degree of crowding
(Temperature, Precipitation, Catastrophic Events)

97
Q

Define Cryptic Coloration

A

coloring that conceals or disguises an animal’s shape

98
Q

Define Countershading

A

Camouflage

99
Q

Define Aposematic Coloration

A

Warning coloration

100
Q

What is an Autotroph?

A

Primary Producer

an organism that assimilates energy from sunlight or inorganic compounds

101
Q

What is a Heterotroph?

A

Secondary Producer

an organism that uses organic (once living) materials as a source of energy and nutrients

102
Q

What phyla display radial symmetry?

A

Cnidaria and Ctenophora

103
Q

What are some implications of Radial Symmetry?

A

Low mobility
Confront the environment equally from a variety of directions
Less complex systems

104
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Top and Bottom

105
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Front and Back

106
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Left and Right

107
Q

Diploblastic Organization

A

Body parts are organized into layers derived from two embryonic tissue layers
Ectoderm
Endoderm

Cnidaria and Ctenophora

108
Q

What is a Cladogram?

A

Diagram that shows the evolutionary history of taxa

109
Q

Define Character?

A

Attribute or feature that indicate relatedness

110
Q

What is a Synapomorphy?

A

New characters that have arisen in a specific group since it diverged from a common ancestor

111
Q

What is a Monophyletic Group?

A

includes a single ancestral species and all of its descendants

112
Q

What is a Polyphyletic Group?

A

includes a group comprising species that arose from two or more different immediate ancestors

113
Q

What is a Paraphyletic Group?

A

includes some, but not all members of a lineage

Zoology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions