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Zoology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the potential functions of a coelom?

A

space for organ development
increased surface area
storage
elimination of waste

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2
Q

What is contained in the coelom?

A

heart, nephridia and gonads

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3
Q

How are molluscs important to humans?

A

Food
Pearls
Shells

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4
Q

What are some general characteristics of molluscs?

A 
triploblastic
coelomate
bilaterally symmetric
redula
open circulatory system
3 body regions
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5
Q

What are the three major regions of the molluscan body plan?

What does each generally contain?

A

Head-Foot : radula and mouth
Visceral Mass : organ systems
Mantle : Provides protection, secretes the shell

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6
Q

How are pearls formed?

A

When a piece of debris enters the shell, tissue type layers are secreted around it, resulting in a pearl

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7
Q

What are general characteristics of Gastropods

A

Molluscs
Some shelled
Marine, freshwater, terrestrial

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8
Q

What is torsion? Advantages? Disadvantages?

A

The visceral mass, mantle, and mantle cavity all twist 180 degrees

head retraction, sensory organs around head

contamination with wastes

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9
Q

How do Gastropods feed?

What is a radula?

A

Proboscis

radula, used for scraping

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10
Q

What are the pneumostome and spermatophore of the gastropods?

A

pneumostome: opens to the outside and moves waste
spermatophore: bundles of sperm

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11
Q

What are some general characteristics of Bivalves?

A

Molluscs
Two valves
sedentary
no defined head region

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12
Q

What are some characteristics of the Bivalve shell?

A

Umbo : where the shell begins growing
teeth
attached dorsally to a hinge ligament (one piece)
abductor muscles (keeps the shell closed)

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13
Q

How do Bivalves feed?

How is this different from Gastropods?

A

Filter feeders : remove algae and bacteria from the water
no head
no radula

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14
Q

What type of circulatory system do bivalves have?

A

open circulatory system

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15
Q

How do bivalves reproduce?

What is a glochidium?

A

Most dioecious, external, fertilization both internal and external
Glochidium : small larvae stage that attaches to fish and develops

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16
Q

What are some general characteristics of Cephalopods?

A

Molluscs
Foot modified into tenticles or funnel
Most lack an external shell

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17
Q

What type of shell do cephalopods have?

A

Most have an internal shell or no shell

Nautilus are the only ones to have an external shell

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18
Q

How do cephalopods feed?

How is this different from the other classes of molluscs?

A

Predatory, posses arms, tentacles, and/or suction cups

Jaws and radula

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19
Q

How do gastropods move?

A

free swimmers
crawl
walk

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20
Q

What is different about the cephalopod circulatory system compared to the other classes of molluscs?

A

Cephalopods are the only molluscs with a closed circulatory system

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21
Q

What is unique about cephalopods eyesight?

A

Complex eye

highly developed eyesight

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22
Q

What are chromatophores and ink glands?

A

Chromatophores: pigment cell that allows for color changes

Ink glands: defense mechanism

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23
Q

How do cephalopods reproduce?

A

Dioecious, spermatophores, eggs form a gelantinous mass, direct development

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24
Q

What are some general characteristics of Annelids?

A

Triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetric, closed circulatory system, segemented worms

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25
Q

How are annelids important to humans?

A

Food
Medicine
Fish Bait
Soil mixture

26
Q

What is metamerism?

Why is it beneficial?

A

Metamerism: Segmented arrangement of body parts

Benfits: Hydrostatic compartments, lessens impact of injury, increased complexity, increased movement efficiency.

27
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

Outer layer

Provided protection

28
Q

What are some general characteristics of Polychaetes?

A

Annelids
Chaetae
Most marine

29
Q

What are parapodia?

What are they used for?

A

Parapodia : unjointed appendages used for movement, increased surface area, and sensory

30
Q

How do Polychaetes move?

A

Longitudinal muscles
Parapodia
Burrowing species

31
Q

How do Polychaetes feed?

A

Scavengers, herbivores, predators, filter feeders

direct deposit vs selective deposit

32
Q

How do most Polychaetes exchange gas?

A

Diffusion

33
Q

What type of circulatory system do Polychaetes possess?

A

Closed circulatory system

34
Q

What is epitoky?

A

the development of posterior sexual parts to be released into the environment

35
Q

What are some general characteristics of Oligochaetes?

A

Annelids
No parapodia
Few chaetae
Clitellum for reproduction

36
Q

How do Oligochaetes move?

A

Alternately contract muscles
Chaetae used to anchor
effective burrowers

37
Q

How do Oligochaetes feed?

A

Scavengers

Have a crop and gizzard

38
Q

What type of circulatory system do Oligochaetes have?

A

closed circulatory system

39
Q

How do Oligochaetes reproduce?

A

regeneration, moneocious

40
Q

What ecological role do Oligochaetes play?

A

Soil mixing
aeration and water percolation
accelerate decomposition

41
Q

What are some general characteristics of Hirudinea?

A

No parapodia
No chaetae
Posses a clitellum
Posterior and Anterior suckers

42
Q

How do Hirudinea move?

A

Suckers used as anchors, muscles alternately contract

43
Q

How do Hirudinea feed?

A

Feed off of body fluids or small invertebrates
3 blade like jaws
muscular pharynx
crop

44
Q

What is Hirudo medicinalis?

A

“bleeding”
reduces hermatomas and blood clots
Anesthesia
Anti-cogulant

45
Q

Do they produce a clitellum?

A

Only in the spring

46
Q

What are some general characteristics of Nematodes?

A

Triploblastic, bilaterally symmetric, complete digestive tract
PSEUDOcoelomate

47
Q

What is ecdysis?

A

Molting of the cuticle

48
Q

How do nematodes feed?

A

Mouth with teeth
Jaws or stylets
Muscular pharynx
Complete digestive tract

49
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Giant Intestinal Roundworm
one host
develop in the lungs and then progress to the small intestine

50
Q

Necator americanus

A

New World Hookworm
One host
Lives in the small intestine

51
Q

Trichinella spirali

A

Porkworm
Lives in the intestines of humans and carnivores
lays cysts of eggs
Can cause Trichinosis

52
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Human Pinworm

High infection rate in children

53
Q

Wuchereria spp

A

Filarial worms
2 hosts, mosquitoes and humans
Can cause Elephantitus in humans and heartworm in dogs

54
Q

What are some general characteristics of Arthropods?

A

Monophyletic, triploblastic, coelomate, bilateral symmetry, complete digestive tract

55
Q

What are characteristics that make Arthropods so successful?

A 
Metamerism: Segmentation
Tagmatization: body regions
Versatile Exoskeleton
Sclerotization: hardening of the exoskeleton
Molting/Ecdysis
Respitory systems
Highly developed sensory organs
Complex Behaviors
Metamorphosis
56
Q

What are some general characteristics of the SUBPHYLUM Trilobita?

A

Extinct, Exclusively marine

57
Q

What are some characteristics of the SUBPHYLUM Chelicerata?

A 
No discrete head region
2 tagmata
No antennae
Chelicerae
Pedipalps
4 pairs of walking legs
58
Q

What is a tagmata?

What two tagmata do Chelicerata have?

A

Prosoma: in the cephalothorax, feeding locomotion and sensory
Opishothoma: in the abdomen, contains internal organs

59
Q

What are the paired appendages used for in Chelicerata?

A

Chelicerae: 1st pair of appendages, for feeding
Pedipalps: 2nd pair of appendages, used for feeding, locomotion, and reproduction
4 pairs of walking legs

60
Q

What are some general characteristics of Merostomata?

A

Arthropod
Scavengers
Book gills

61
Q

What are some general characteristics of the Order Araneae?

A 
"True spiders"
Pedicel : "cinched" waist
sedentary, active hunters, 
book lungs, malpighian tubules,
simple eye
sensory setae
Spinnerets, complex behaviors
Peromones
Oviparous - lays eggs

Zoology (4 decks)

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