Exam 3 Flashcards by Haley Johnson

What are the potential functions of a coelom?

space for organ development
increased surface area
storage
elimination of waste

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What is contained in the coelom?

heart, nephridia and gonads

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How are molluscs important to humans?

Food
Pearls
Shells

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What are some general characteristics of molluscs?

triploblastic
coelomate
bilaterally symmetric
redula
open circulatory system
3 body regions

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What are the three major regions of the molluscan body plan?

What does each generally contain?

Head-Foot : radula and mouth
Visceral Mass : organ systems
Mantle : Provides protection, secretes the shell

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How are pearls formed?

When a piece of debris enters the shell, tissue type layers are secreted around it, resulting in a pearl

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What are general characteristics of Gastropods

Molluscs
Some shelled
Marine, freshwater, terrestrial

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What is torsion? Advantages? Disadvantages?

The visceral mass, mantle, and mantle cavity all twist 180 degrees

head retraction, sensory organs around head

contamination with wastes

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How do Gastropods feed?

What is a radula?

Proboscis

radula, used for scraping

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What are the pneumostome and spermatophore of the gastropods?

pneumostome: opens to the outside and moves waste
spermatophore: bundles of sperm

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What are some general characteristics of Bivalves?

Molluscs
Two valves
sedentary
no defined head region

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What are some characteristics of the Bivalve shell?

Umbo : where the shell begins growing
teeth
attached dorsally to a hinge ligament (one piece)
abductor muscles (keeps the shell closed)

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How do Bivalves feed?

How is this different from Gastropods?

Filter feeders : remove algae and bacteria from the water
no head
no radula

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What type of circulatory system do bivalves have?

open circulatory system

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How do bivalves reproduce?

What is a glochidium?

Most dioecious, external, fertilization both internal and external
Glochidium : small larvae stage that attaches to fish and develops

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What are some general characteristics of Cephalopods?

Molluscs
Foot modified into tenticles or funnel
Most lack an external shell

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What type of shell do cephalopods have?

Most have an internal shell or no shell

Nautilus are the only ones to have an external shell

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How do cephalopods feed?

How is this different from the other classes of molluscs?

Predatory, posses arms, tentacles, and/or suction cups

Jaws and radula

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How do gastropods move?

free swimmers
crawl
walk

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What is different about the cephalopod circulatory system compared to the other classes of molluscs?

Cephalopods are the only molluscs with a closed circulatory system

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What is unique about cephalopods eyesight?

Complex eye

highly developed eyesight

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What are chromatophores and ink glands?

Chromatophores: pigment cell that allows for color changes

Ink glands: defense mechanism

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How do cephalopods reproduce?

Dioecious, spermatophores, eggs form a gelantinous mass, direct development

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What are some general characteristics of Annelids?

Triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetric, closed circulatory system, segemented worms

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How are annelids important to humans?

Food Medicine Fish Bait Soil mixture

What is metamerism? | Why is it beneficial?

Metamerism: Segmented arrangement of body parts Benfits: Hydrostatic compartments, lessens impact of injury, increased complexity, increased movement efficiency.

What is a cuticle?

Outer layer | Provided protection

What are some general characteristics of Polychaetes?

Annelids Chaetae Most marine

What are parapodia? | What are they used for?

Parapodia : unjointed appendages used for movement, increased surface area, and sensory

How do Polychaetes move?

Longitudinal muscles Parapodia Burrowing species

How do Polychaetes feed?

Scavengers, herbivores, predators, filter feeders direct deposit vs selective deposit

How do most Polychaetes exchange gas?

Diffusion

What type of circulatory system do Polychaetes possess?

Closed circulatory system

What is epitoky?

the development of posterior sexual parts to be released into the environment

What are some general characteristics of Oligochaetes?

Annelids No parapodia Few chaetae Clitellum for reproduction

How do Oligochaetes move?

Alternately contract muscles Chaetae used to anchor effective burrowers

How do Oligochaetes feed?

Scavengers | Have a crop and gizzard

What type of circulatory system do Oligochaetes have?

closed circulatory system

How do Oligochaetes reproduce?

regeneration, moneocious

What ecological role do Oligochaetes play?

Soil mixing aeration and water percolation accelerate decomposition

What are some general characteristics of Hirudinea?

No parapodia No chaetae Posses a clitellum Posterior and Anterior suckers

How do Hirudinea move?

Suckers used as anchors, muscles alternately contract

How do Hirudinea feed?

Feed off of body fluids or small invertebrates 3 blade like jaws muscular pharynx crop

What is Hirudo medicinalis?

"bleeding" reduces hermatomas and blood clots Anesthesia Anti-cogulant

Do they produce a clitellum?

Only in the spring

What are some general characteristics of Nematodes?

Triploblastic, bilaterally symmetric, complete digestive tract PSEUDOcoelomate

What is ecdysis?

Molting of the cuticle

How do nematodes feed?

Mouth with teeth Jaws or stylets Muscular pharynx Complete digestive tract

Ascaris lumbricoides

Giant Intestinal Roundworm one host develop in the lungs and then progress to the small intestine

Necator americanus

New World Hookworm One host Lives in the small intestine

Trichinella spirali

Porkworm Lives in the intestines of humans and carnivores lays cysts of eggs Can cause Trichinosis

Enterobius vermicularis

Human Pinworm | High infection rate in children

Wuchereria spp

Filarial worms 2 hosts, mosquitoes and humans Can cause Elephantitus in humans and heartworm in dogs

What are some general characteristics of Arthropods?

Monophyletic, triploblastic, coelomate, bilateral symmetry, complete digestive tract

What are characteristics that make Arthropods so successful?

``` Metamerism: Segmentation Tagmatization: body regions Versatile Exoskeleton Sclerotization: hardening of the exoskeleton Molting/Ecdysis Respitory systems Highly developed sensory organs Complex Behaviors Metamorphosis ```

What are some general characteristics of the SUBPHYLUM Trilobita?

Extinct, Exclusively marine

What are some characteristics of the SUBPHYLUM Chelicerata?

``` No discrete head region 2 tagmata No antennae Chelicerae Pedipalps 4 pairs of walking legs ```

What is a tagmata? | What two tagmata do Chelicerata have?

Prosoma: in the cephalothorax, feeding locomotion and sensory Opishothoma: in the abdomen, contains internal organs

What are the paired appendages used for in Chelicerata?

Chelicerae: 1st pair of appendages, for feeding Pedipalps: 2nd pair of appendages, used for feeding, locomotion, and reproduction 4 pairs of walking legs

What are some general characteristics of Merostomata?

Arthropod Scavengers Book gills

What are some general characteristics of the Order Araneae?

``` "True spiders" Pedicel : "cinched" waist sedentary, active hunters, book lungs, malpighian tubules, simple eye sensory setae Spinnerets, complex behaviors Peromones Oviparous - lays eggs ```

Exam 3 Flashcards

(61 cards)