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Pharm II > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Phenytoin

A 
Antiepileptic 
Treats tonic clinic seizures 
CNS depression, liver toxicity
****10-20mcg/mL
Don’t mix with other meds 
**safety
Good oral hygiene 
Reddish brown urine and sweat 
No alcohol or ginkgo 
Increase calcium and vitamin D
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2
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Antiepileptic
Treats generalized seizures
Can cause CNS depression and respiratory depression, N/V/C

**15-45mcg/mL

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3
Q

Diazoxide

A

Vasodilator
Treats HTN
increases BG

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4
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator

Maintains blood flow to kidneys

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5
Q

Minoxidil

A

Vasodilator

For sever and unresponsive HTN

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6
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator
Used for HTN crisis
maintains low BP for surfer

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7
Q

Bethanechol

A

Anticholinergic
Treats urinary retention and neurological bladder
Treats reflux esophagitis

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8
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Anticholinergic

Treats myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Donepezil

A

Anticholinergic
Treats Alzheimer’s
Take once a day

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10
Q

Propranolol

A

Non-selective beta blocker

Treats HTN angina and migraines

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11
Q

Timolol

A

Non-selective Beta Blocker

Treats HTN and glaucoma

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12
Q

Diazepam

A 
Anti-epileptic
Treats tonic clinic seizures and status epilepticus 
Potential for ABUSE 
avoid alcohol 
CNS depression 
C/D, slow HR 
TAPER SLOWLY
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13
Q

Ethosuximide

A 
Succinimide 
Treats absence seizures 
Causes CNS depression 
Born marrow suppression 
Constipation
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14
Q

Valproic acid

A

Antiepileptic
Treats myoclonic seizures bipolar disorder and migraines
**increases diazepam and phenobarbital
*liver toxicity, thrombocytopenia, CNS depression, weight gain

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15
Q

Phentolamine

A

Blocks alpha 1&2
Vasodilation- treats extravasation
Reverse effects of adrenergic agonist
**high alert drug

Always have on hand for IV norepinephrine or dopamine to reverse their effects

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16
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Nonselective Beta blocker
Vasopressor
Treats shock and bronchospasm
**causes coronary steal effect
Caution: Pulmonary HTN, thyroid disorders, or diabetes
**causes hypokalemia and pulmonary issues
Have a beta blocker on hand to reverse effects

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17
Q

Phenylephrine

A 
Alpha agonist 
POWERFUL VASOCONSTRICTOR 
decreased swelling and allergies 
Causes HTN, extravasation can cause tissue necrosis, strange dreams 
**high alert drug 
Taper over 2-4 days 
Avoid caffeine

**keep phentolamine on hand to cancel effects

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18
Q

Dopamine

A 
Alpha and beta agonist 
Treats shock and increases blood flow to heart and kidneys 
****5-10mcg/mL
High alert drug
Extravasation causes tissue death
Keep phentolamine on hand
Avoid caffeine
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19
Q

Carbidopa levodopa

A 
Treats Parkinson’s
Works for 2-5 years only
Increases dopamine in the blood
Causes dizziness, HA, sweating, postural hypotension, melanoma, constipation, retention 
Take with food
DONT TAKE MAOI OR PHENYTOIN
monitor for glaucoma or skin lesions 
Monitor intake and output and palpate bladder
20
Q

Carbamazepine

A 
Sodium channel blocker
Treats partial seizures, mania, 
Taper slowly
*****4-12mcg/mL
Avoid alcohol
Many drug interactions
CNS depression
21
Q

Gabapentin

A 
Treats partial seizures, neuropathy, ALS, RLS, migraines
Controlled substance
CNS depression
Constipation 
Liver toxicity
22
Q

Benztropine

A 
Anticholinergic 
Treats Parkinson’s 
Reduces rigidity, akinesia and tremors 
PO, IM, IV
don’t use for narrow angle glaucoma, BPH,  or obstructions 
CNS effects, disorientation, memory loss, dizzy blurred vision,
Decrease dose in hot environments 
Taper off med
23
Q

Labetalol

A 
Treats pheochromocytoma 
Block norepinephrine 
Given IV
Taper slowly
Monitor for ortho and dizziness-safety
24
Q

Amiodarone

A

Treats dysrhythmias such as cardiac arrest
Given IV for acute or oral for dysrhythmia
Caution with asthma or bronco spasm
Caution with diabetes bc it will decrease BG
**pulmonary side effects, thyroid effects, toxic if with digoxin or quinidine
***safety and liver enzymes

25
Q

Doxazosin & tamsulosin

A

Treats BPH
Give at bedtime
Check BP and HR
SAFETY MEASURES FOR DIZZINESS and orthostatic hypotension

26
Q

Propranolol

A 
Treats angina, tremors, HTN, dysrhythmias 
***check HR for 60 and BP daily 
Taper slowly 
***monitor for hypoglycemia 
Can cause pulmonary effects
27
Q

Atenolol and Metoprolol

A 
Beta blockers 
Treat HTN and angina 
***hold if HR below 60
Monitor vital signs and cardiac rhythm
Taper slowly
Check pulse and BP at home
28
Q

Atropine

Also benztropine, meclizine, scopolamine

A 
Anticholinergic 
PO, SQ, ophthalmology, IM, IV
Treats bradycardia 
Decreased secretions 
Relaxes the bladder 
Causes mud Rossi’s and cycloplegia
Dilated pupils 
Don’t give with antihistamines or antiparkinsons or MAOI
High fiber, high fluids, exercise 
***dont give to glaucoma, ulcer, obstruction, or BPH
29
Q

Benztropine

A

Treats Parkinson’s after levodopa
Decreased rigidity akinesia, tremors
Don’t give to narrow angle glaucoma, obstruction or BPH
Can cause paralytic ileus with TCA or phenothiazines

30
Q

Lisinopril

A 
ACEI
Treats HTN and HF 
HR, CBC, BP, potassium 
Monitor for cough and assess lungs 
AVOID POTASSIUM AND NSAIDS
No surgery if on this med-alert surgeon
31
Q

Amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem

A 
CCB!!
Treats HTN, cardiac arrhythmia and good for angina
Causes vasodilation and Decreased BP
PO or IV
NO GRAPEFRUIT 
MONITOR HR AND BP
32
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator
Decreased HTN
TREATS CHF
DECREASES BP

33
Q

Digoxin

A 
Glycoside 
Monitor potassium for HYPOKALEMIA
***0.5-2.0
Monitor HR for a full minute 
Give IV SLOWLY five minutes 
If HR less than 60 call HCP
IF WEIGHT FLUCTUATES MORE THAN THREE POUNDS IN A DAY REPORT IT

**N/V and vision is toxicity

Digibind treats toxicity

34
Q

Procainamide

A

Treats arrhythmia
Affects sodium channels
PO IM IV 2-6mg/min

*dont take with digoxin, bets blockers, or cimetidine
Causes dizzy drowsy changes in taste N/V
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, bone marrow and alopecia

35
Q

Amiodarone

A

CHOICE FOR LIFE THREATINING VENT ARYTHM.
Slows potassium
PO IV
**pneumonia, vision changes, thyroid disorders, weakness and dizziness
TOXIC IF GIVEN WITH DIG OR QUINIDINE OR PHENOTHIAZINES TCA

36
Q

Diltiazem

A

Treats AFIB
CCB
INTERACTS WITH ISOPROTERENOL AND CYCLOSPORINE
CAUSES DIZZINESS HYPOTENSION SLOW HR LIVER DAMAGE EDEMA

37
Q

Nitroglycerin

A 
Treats angina 
Sublingual 
Monitor HR and BP
Don’t crush or chew 
Don’t give to anemia, cerebral bleed 
Causes low BP 
*no ergot, no heparin, no sildenafil
38
Q

Warfarin

A

Treats DVT, and PE and prosthetic heart valves
PO
Takes three days to work
Monitor PT AND INR
CAUSES:
Bleeding, liver damage, alopecia, bone marrow depression, toxicity
TONS OF DRUG INTERACTIONS!!
Pressure dressing and ice to control bleeding
Flag chart and alert surgeon
Monitor for bleeding gums and coffee ground remains, Use electric razor, soft bristled toothbrush, avoid contact sports, blood in urine, Tarry stools
****AVOID VITAMIN K
…. leafy greens mayonnaise and canola and soy bean oil

39
Q

Heparin

A

Prevention and treatment of DVT and PE
SQ IV
works in 20-60 minutes
***aPTT levels
Bleeding, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, toxicity
MANY DRUG TO DRUGS
Monitor risk for injury, CBC, Tyler bed, pressure dressings and eyes to control bleeding, alert surgeon
Use electric razor, soft bristle toothbrush, avoid contact sports, avoid aspirin, avoid NSAIDS, monitor bruising, bleeding gums, bloody or tarry stools

40
Q

Treating warfarin toxicity

A

Vitamin K 2.5–10 mg I am which takes 24 hours to work, fresh frozen plasma for immediate effects or whole blood

41
Q

Treating heparin toxicity

A

Protamine sulfate administer slowly and monitor for anaphylaxis

42
Q

Alteplase

A

Thrombolytic
Monitor H & H, APTT, PT, INR, monitor lungs, monitor cardiac rhythm continuously,
high alert drug,
signs and symptoms of bleeding or hemorrhaging

43
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Treats high cholesterols
Mix with water or an carbonated beverage, take other meds one hour before or 4-6
Hours after,
monitor for constipation,
vitamin K depletion, bleeding, wounds that ooze blood
** vitamin issues A D E K
Many drug to drug

44
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Monitor cholesterol levels, see ophthalmologist regularly,
take a bedtime,
avoid grapefruit juice,

45
Q

Epoetin Alpha

A 
Treats dialysis, renal disease, aids, increases RBC production, given sub q three times a week 
Takes 7 to 14 days to work
Don’t give to hypertension patients, 
***black box warning, 
H&H should increase
HGB SHOULD NOT EXCEED 11!!!!

**monitor for seizures

46
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A

Treats iron deficiency
PO
Can cause constipation, dark or green stores, nausea, vomiting, coma if toxicity, tissue into the staining, use straw, drink with lots of water, monitor H & H

Pharm II (2 decks)

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