Final Exam Flashcards
As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron shows
The rate of firing increases
Refractory period
Interval between the time one nerve impulse occurs and the next one can be generated in the axon
The senses of __________ are referred to as the gatekeepers?
Tasting and Smelling (Chemical Senses)
There are ________ different types of olfactory receptors in humans
350
A fifth basic taste is ________
Umami
The tiny bumps on the tongue that contain the taste buds are the ________
Papillae
Information that remains constant even though the observer is moving is called ______
invariant information
According to Gibson, the relationship between movement and flow is_________
Movement creates flow, which then provides information to guiding further movement
Moving room studies have found that ________
Infants fall over, adults lose balance as well (Even when they know what is about to happen). Experiment shows that vision is such a powerful determinant of balance that it can override the traditional sources of balance information provided by the inner ear and the receptors in the muscles and joints (p. 159)
Affordance
Describes What I could do with respect to an object in the environment. Is that doorway pass-through-able?
I perceive not only what I am doing but what I could do.
Mirror neurons
Neurons in the Pre-motor cortex that were discovered in the monkey grasping experiment. The neurons fire when monkey is grabbing an object, but also when he observes someone else performing the same action!
help an individual understand another person’s actions and react appropriately, help the person
imitate observed behaviors, have been discovered in the premotor cortex
Given what you know about time-to-contact, an outfielder attempting to catch a fly-ball would __________ if the rate of optical expansion was constant
Not need to move
Both short and tall people perceive the boundary between what is “stair-climbable” or not, at ________ riserheights, but the _______ raiser-height to leg-length ratio.
(DIFFERENT) Riser Heights, but the (SAME) raiser-height to leg ratio.
According to opponent-process theory of color vision, the red-green system
Red & Green are paired opposites. You can’t see reddish green. Green creates red after image
A hypercomplex visual feature detector (cell)
Similar to a Complex cell; it activates when oriented stimulus is moving in a particular direction across the receptive field. But it also has an end-stopping property, meaning that it is very selective and stops firing when the size of the stimulus is out of it’s range.
“Infer,” ”detect,” “organize” characterize, respectively, the theories of
Helmholtz: Indirect Perception
One of the defining qualities of human language is its generativity. To what does this refer?
You can always generate new sentences to express new ideas by an infinite number of combinations of words. (Just like art, take the old and make it new.)
Mirror neurons in the monkey fire
When monkey performs action, and observes someone else performing the action.
Psychophysics investigates
The relationship between physical stimulus (Φ) and mental phenomena (ψ). Gustav Fechner is the founder.
Phonemes
The smallest unit of sound-bearing quality. Speech
Sensations
Your sense organs’ interpretation of physical stimulus
According to the doctrine of specific nerve energies (qualities)
(Muller) Perception is dependent on the type of neural network activated by stimulus. Example) Poking you in the eye can elicit sensattions of flashes of light. Even though the stimulus was mechanical, it activated neurons in the retina, which sent signal to the occipital lobe. You perceive light because that is the only perception your visual nerve network can make.
The classically defined problem of indirect perception is that
Conceptual Question: Input quality is not as good as output.
Perception is an achievement of brains
