Final Exam Flashcards
What type of war was the Cold War?
An Ideological War
This type of war was a struggle for the hearts and minds of people. And stems from the ideological differences between democracy and communism.
Ideological War
A conflict that was between the United States and the Soviet Union after WW II. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield, but deadly threats went on for years from 1945 until 1989. What was the name of this war?
The Cold War
He became president of the United States when Franklin D. Roosevelt died and he gave the order to drop the atomic bomb.
Harry S. Truman
President Truman wanted to end the war before the Soviet Union came to the Pacific. What did he do that surprised the Soviet Union?
Dropped the atomic bomb.
What was the name of the city and country President Truman dropped the atomic bomb on?
Hiroshima Japan
Where was the Yalta conference held?
Ukraine
This meeting was held from February 4th, 1945 until Feb. 11th, to discuss how the Nazi’s should be punished and what to do with the Nazi’s territory.
The Yalta Conference
This man created a “buffer zone” of friendly states around Russia to make sure Russia was never invaded again. He did this by participating in the Yalta Conference and this is also one of the ORIGINS of the Cold War.
Josef Stalin
This meeting was held from July 17th, 1945 until August 2nd, 1945 and took place in Occupine Germany. The purpose of this meeting was to mark the end of the alliance system and discuss what to do with Germany.
The Potsdam Conference
Who attended the Potsdam Conference?
Stalin, Churchill, and Truman.
After Churchill was voted out at the Potsdam Conference, who took his place?
Clement Attlee
This plan was proposed by Henry Morganthau Jr. (the U.S secretary of treasury) and it involved destroying Germany’s key industries that helped with their military strength.
The Morgenthau Plan
This is the term that is used to describe the boundary line or “mythical curtain” that separates Eastern Europe from Western Europe. It was both a physical and ideological division that represented the way Europe was viewed after WW II.
Iron Curtain
In 1964, this speech was given by Winston Churchill in Fulton Missouri where he said, “An iron curtain has descended across Europe”. The curtain referring to communism.
The Iron Curtain Speech
Who gave the Iron Curtain Speech?
Winston Churchill
This term describes the American Policy that was designed to keep the Soviet Union from expanding its power.
Containment
This “idea” was introduced in March of 1947 by Harry Truman the U.S President, and it was a policy that stated that the U.S would give aid to any country that was threatened by communism.
The Truman Doctrine
In 1946, Greek Communist with Soviet support and Greek NON-Communist with British support fought for control over Greece. After the British had to withdraw, President Truman provided financial aid to the NON-communist, preventing the communist from taking over. What was the name of this war?
The Greek Civil War
This was a U.S plan proposed by the Secretary of State, George Marshall and it was put into effect from 1948 until 1951 to aid in the economic recovery of Europe after WW II by offering certain European countries a large amount of money.
The Marshall Plan
This U.S plan offered all European countries, including the Soviet Union (Russia) generous funding to rebuild their economies as long as the money was spent on goods made in the U.S. Those who supported it, hoped to promote democracy in Europe and oppose the spread of communism.
The Marshall Plan
The U.S wanted to rebuild Germany to prevent another ______ ________ from happening.
Great Depression
What country or countries occupied the EASTERN part of Germany after WW II?
The Soviet Union (Russia)
What country or countries occupied the WESTERN part of Germany after WW II?
The U.S, Great Britian, and France (The Allied Nations)
What is the name of the capital of Germany that was dicided into four sections?
Berlin
The U.S wanted to show the Western part of Germany why they should NOT accept ________, as another attempt to rebuild Germany.
Communism
The Marshall plan was designed to “highlight” Eastern or Western Europe?
Eastern Europe
This was a 327 day operation in which the U.S and British had planes that flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets (Russia) blockaded the city.
Berlin Airlift
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Trade Organization
When NATO was created, this was the first time for this country to officially join an alliance. Which country was it?
The U.S
This organization was formed in 1949 and was a military and defense alliance formed by 12 countries in Western Europe and North America. The ORIGINAL purpose of this organization was to protect its members from a possible attack from the Soviet Union (Russia). What is the name of this organization?
NATO (North Atlantic Trade Organization)
This was created in 1955 by the Soviet Union (Stalin) and Eastern European countries in response to NATO.
The Warsaw Pact
This was an economical agreement formed by countries in a common geographical area to promote duty free trade and free movement of labor and money among its members.
Common Market
In February 1948, the Soviet’s pressured and pushed 12 non-communist members of the Czech government to resign and put a Communist led party in power. Truman called this incident a “coup” and used it to push the Marshall Plan through congress. What was the name of this incident?
Czech Coup
In 1953, the leader of the Soviets die. What was his name?
Stalin
When Stalin dies, who is his successor?
Nikita Khrushchev
This man made a speech and clarifies all of Stalin’s crimes. What was his name?
Nikita Khrushchev
This man was Khrushchev’s successor and forced the Czech’s to come back after they tried to break away.
Leonid Brezhnev
This was a four-month period of freedom in Czech. What was this called?
The Prague Spring
This was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic and East Germany in August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. It is a symbol of the cold war.
The Berlin Wall
This means the political or cultural condition of a former colony.
Postcolonialism
This was a period of hope in Latin America from 1825 until 1850, it was an unstable time. And political factionism emerged.
Post-Colonial Blues
A strong political leader who demands the personal loyalty of many followers. They fought each other and got caught in many wars for independence.
Caudillo
Latin American social ethic that honored male strength, courage, aggressiveness, assertiveness, and cunning. A masculine cult of personality.
Machismo
He was the first leader of Venezuela and was part black.
Jose Antonio Paez
Who was the first king of Mexico?
Augustine Deiturbide
The Latin American _______ was destroyed during their war for independence.
Economy
Latin America was trying to make their countries like _____ and _____ ‘s counties.
England and France
This period in Latin American was from 1850 until 1880, it was a period of progress and they were trying to become a modern continent. They were rich in gold, silver, oil, and copper. It was a domino effect in Latin America.
Liberal Period
He was the founder of 19th century Liberalism in Argentina, he was a minister. And believed Argentina should be urban and white and modernization.
Domingo Sarimento
Eastern _______ ideas migrated to Latin America.
European
He was the president of Mexico, he was a mexican national hero and brought liberal reforms to Mexico.
Benito Juarez
Economic colonialization causes the ____ _____ period.
Neo-Colonial
This period lasted from 1825 until 1990, it was the 2nd half of the liberal period. It consisted of rapid economic growth,The beneficiaries were large landowners and urban merchants, the land values soared with railroads, merchants and workers with secondary functions in import/ export economy, and the middle class grew rapidly. However, the majority of Latin Americans saw no benefits.
Neo- Colonial Period
Horse soliders that kept opposition to foreign investments out.
Rurales
He was a mexican general and politican who served seven terms as Mexico’s president during the Neo-Colonial period.
Porfirio Diaz
A small nation, especially in Central America, dependent on one crop or the influx of foreign capital
Banana Republic
This period was from 1910 until 1945, involving an economic, politcal, and social revolution, and the Mexcio economy was poor. It was similar to the French revolution.
Nationalism Period
Who overthrew Diaz as Mexican president?
Fransico Madero
He was one of the leaders that Mexico’s middle class and industrial workers wanted because they were angry about the inequities of Mexican society and foreign intervention. He became president and he and his closest associates made all of the important decisions. He wanted multinational influence out.
Alvaro Obregnon
This was the first welfare state in the Western Hemisphere,
Uruguay
This was an essay published in 1925 by Jose Vasconcelos. The essay aimed to destroy the idea that Europeans were superior and to make Latin Americans more prideful in their heritage. Vasconcelos believed that Latin America was made to fuse 4 races to create the 5th race, the race of the future. “The Best of All Worlds”
The Cosmic Race
Who wrote the Cosmic Race?
Jose Vasconcelos
A Fresco painter in Mexico who focused on the ethnicity of Mexicans in his paintings. And showed communist ideas.
Diego Rivera
A mexican born painter, who wanted the peasants in Mexico to unite.
David Siqueiros
A Brazillian dancer who was actually from Portugal.
Carmen Miranda
What does La Chica Moderna mean?
Modern Girls
The wife of Diego Rivera, who was also an artist and painted the modern girl.
Frida Kahlo
This had no real ideology, and meant giving people what they want. and it evolves with what people want. It gains a hold in Latin America, and is based in fantasy.
Populism
Was one of the most famous Latin America populist, he was a military general who ran for office and wanted to give the people paid vacations and labor safety laws.
Juan Peron
Was Juan Peron’s wife, who began in radio and was a celebrity, and she was also a populist.
Eva Peron
Latin America very strongly supported the ____ in WWII, and supplied natural resources to them and their soldiers would also help them fight.
Allies
Before WWII, how was Latin America treated by other countries?
Poorly
The foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin Roosevelt toward the countries of Latin America. The United States wished to have good relations with its neighbors, especially at a time when conflicts were beginning to rise once again, and this policy was more or less intended to garner Latin American support.
The Good Neighbor Policy
This revolution was communist based in Latin America and was the beginning of more revolutions. And it scared the U.S.
Cuban Revolution
The leader of the Cuban Revolution, and overthrew the Cuban government.
Fidel Castro
This was a communist group in Nicaragua that overthrew the government.
Sandinistas
A war initiated by a major power but the country itself doesn’t become involved.
Proxy War
An anti-communist organization dominated by the U.S.
Organization of American States
In 1954 this emerges because of Richard Nixon almost getting killed in Caracas by protestors, and this document states that the U.S would intervene in any Latin America country that has a communist revolution.
Declaration of Caracas
This person was a communist leader and was one of the first overthrown because of teh Declaration of Caracas.
Jacobo Arbenz
This person was the head of the United Fruit Company.
Allan Dulles
Allan Dulles brother who was also the U.S’s secretary of state.
John Foster Dulles
A program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems. It was basically a Marshall plan for Latin Americans.
Alliance for Progress
A CIA operation to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1961.
Bay of Pigs
This happened in fear that the U.S. would attempt another invasion, Castro quickly complied with a Soviet request to be allowed to construct nuclear missile sites in Cuba in 1962.
Cuban Missile Crisis
These type of wars are under the radar.
Dirty Wars
A Chile military dictator who orchestrated a mass execution.
Augusto Pinochet
This was a protest involving the mothers of Latin American children was when the mothers would stand in the streets holding signs up of their missing children demanding the government give them back.
Madres de Plaza de Mayo
A factory where they made items for other countries.
Maquiladora
What does NAFTA stand for?
North American Free Trade Agreement
What does CAFTA stand for?
Central American Free Trade Agreement
This means the opposite of conservatism and was pro free trade and was a period in Latin America.
Neo-Liberalism
He was president of Venezuela was pro-communism, and was anti-U.S. He died of cancer.
Hugo Chavez
He was the president of Bolivia, he supported Indians, and said “We don’t want foreign companies mining on our land without fair compensation”
Evo Morales
He was the leader of a China communist revolution, and comes to power in China and was pro-communism.
Mao Zedong
This is where people flee to get away from Mao Zedong, it is also known as Taiwan and China wants this community back.
Formosa
The communist revolution was different in ____ than any other revolution.
China
This was a policy made by Mao Zedong, and this is when the government would take private farms away from their owners and would kill them.
Collectivization
This was Mao’s second five-year plan from 1958-1962. He wanted to industrialize China and modernize the economy in the shortest amount of time.
The Great Leap Forward
This revolution happened from 1965-1968, and it involved trying to get young college people to be pro-communism. There was a lot of murder and a lot of people arrested.
Cultural Revolution
This man comes to power in China after Mao Zedong, He is open to reforms in China and gives people hope.
Deng Xiaoping
People gathered here to demand democracy (protest) and the Chinese government brought in Tanks.
Tianamen Square
Who took over North Korea?
Soviets
Who did the Soviet’s put in power to rule over North Korea?
Kim il Sung
Who took over South Korea?
The U.S
Who did the U.S put in power to rule over South Korea?
Gynman Rhee
This man was the secretary of state for the U.S under Truman, and said that Korea was not a priority.
Dean Acheson
This man ignores Truman and the Chinese and North Korea push the U.S and South Korea back down to Korea and out of China.
Douglas MacArther
The ______ warn the U.S not to come into their territory with their war involving North and South Korea.
Chinese
This was the line that seperated North and South Korea.
38th Parallel
This was the first Vietnam war, and involved Vietnam Nationalist against the French and they were fighting over French Indochina.
The Vietnam War
Who led the Vietnam Nationialist?
Ho Chi Men
Another word for Vietnam Nationalist.
Viet Minh
The U.S put this man in power after Gynman, he was a Catholic, corrupt leader and was killed.
Ngo Dinh Diem
Pro communist people living in South Vietnam they killed Diem.
Viet Cong
This was the president of the U.S he wanted to “Americanize” the war with Vietnam. He created the “Domino Effect”
Lyndon B Johnson
This was said by Lyndon B Johnson, and he said if Vietnam falls to communism, everyone else will.
The Domino Effect
This happened in 1964 in South East Asia, when 2 Vietnam torpedo boats we’re on the radar and Lyndon Johnson said they we’re going to “attack” but they didn’t.
Gulf of Tonkin
This was the first war the U.S was considered losing.
Vietnam War
In 1968, this was a turning point in the Vietnam War, it was named after a Vietnam holiday, and the Vietnam attacked the U.S.
Tet Offensive
This was a picture on the powerpoint, it was of a girl running down the street naked in Vietnam she now speaks about human rights. What is her name?
Kim Phuc Phan Thi
Who escalates the war secretly?
Nixon
This was a University in Ohio where there was a protest for the War and one student was killed.
Kent State University
Which song Haveman played was pro war?
The Ballad of the Green Berret
Which song Haveman played was against the war?
Eve of Destruction
What were the only 2 superpowers left after WW II?
The U.S and The Soviet Union
This Congress was devoted to placing Indians in British colonial government.
Indian National Congress
His nickname was “Mahatma” and he led a movement of peaceful civil disobediance like hunger strikes. He would also spin cotton in the street.
Mohandas Gandhi
These people petitioned the government to carve India into two pieces.
Muslim Leauge
This was a disputed region and India and Pakistan are fighting over it.
Kashmir
Which was the first colony in Africa to decolonize?
Ghana
This man led a boycott in Ghana of British goods.
Kwame Nkruman
This man led the nationalist movement in the Congo.
Patrice Lumumba
This was created so that native Africans of South Africa couldn’t own land.
Land Act
This is when black Africans have to have a pass port to go to another part of Africa.
Pass System
This party in Africa created an apartheid.
Nationalist Party
This is when the black and whites have seperate everything in South Africa. (Jim Crowe Laws)
Apartheid
This was based on the Indian National Congress and they were very violent.
African National Congress
This is where people were protesting apartheid, there were many killed, it was a turning point.
Sharpville Massacre
This rebellion occured when the South African government forced students to learn English.
Soweto Uprising
This was an illegal political party, involving the Polish independence movement.
Solidarity
This means you are able to critize the government without getting in trouble. It means openness.
Glasnost
This was where a nuclear power plant was being tested and the safety features did not work so it blew up.
Chernobyl
He was the father of the soviet nuclear bomb.
Andrey Sakharov
He was a pro-soviet dictator in Romania, and a student protest overthrew him.
Nicolae Ceausescu
He was a Soviet Politician, he wanted to reform and steps in for Gorbachev
Boris Yeltsin
