Exam 1 Flashcards
What were 3 causes of the French Revolution?
Absolutism, National Debt, and The Enlightenment
Believed the world was governed by natural laws.
Sir Issac Newton
Argued what is the point of government and believed the only job the government had was to protect your natural rights.
John Locke
When a king has absolute power.
Absolutism
This means BEFORE the revolution.
Ancien Regime
All the members of the catholic church.
clergy
Very prestigious, served as the military, they were tax exempted, they controlled lots of land, and had special privileges in the government.
Nobility
90 % of the population made this class up. There are subclasses within this class.
The Third Estate
“Middle Class People” they had money, and were educated, they were doctors and lawyers. And They are advocating changes bc they like the enlightenment,
Bourgeoisie
They were Urban blue collar workers, city dwelling and unskilled they were equal with the peasants
Sans Cullottes
Rural people , rent land from nobility taxes fell hardest on them and they were the poorest
Peasants
The king of France and first absolute ruler.
Louis XVI
Tells Louis they’re in debt, he was his financial advisor.
Calonne
A representative body with three chambers.
The Estates General
What are the three chambers of the estates general?
clergy, nobility, and the third estate
144 men hand picked by Louis.
The Assembly of Notables
When members of the third estate came together to write this constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
Another name for the Third Estate
The National Assembly
The only person not in the NAtional Assembly is ________.
King Louis
On July 14th mods stormed the_______ It was a prison for prisoners who pissed off the king but also held all their military stuff.
Bastille
When the peasants were striking against the feudal system in the country side. they went from house to house killing the nobility and burning leger books.
The Great Fear
Freed all the peasants and ends the feudal system
Decree of August 4th
Argues that men of all social classes are equal and free.
The Declarations of the Rights of Man
He was a nobleman, he helped write the dec. of the rights of man, when he was a teenager he faught w george washington and he created a constitutional monarchy
Marquis De Lafayette
Frances NEW form of government they pass laws and has TWO factions.
Legislative Assembly
What are the two factions in the Legislative Assembly
Girondis and Jacobins
These people represented the middle class, were “hands off” when it came to the economy and wanted laws that protected their businesses.
Girondis
Wanted to protect workers rights (safety) and had 2 major leaders.
Jacobins
One leader of the Jacobins that everyone loved.
Georges Danton
Another leader of the Jacobins that everyone hated and had no personality.
Maximilien Danton
When Louis and Marie Antwonet fled France to Varennes. They were both arrested and the legislative assembly dissolved.
Flight to Varennes
A new French government without a king. It is a republic and only certain people can vote for their leader.
National Convention
What was an external threat of the Revolution
War with other countries
What was an internal threat of the Revolution
Paranoia
When citizens spied on their neighbors and reported them to the authorities They burned books and censored newspapers.
Committees of Public Safety
When people didn’t agree with Robespierre, they were killed. Danton was killed because of this. Lot’s of people were executed Some not even related to the revolution.
Reign of Terror
This ends the Reign of Terror; Named after the month of November. They dissolved the National Convention and they created the Directory.
Thermidorean Reaction
November was named ________.
Thermos
Thermos is greek for _____.
Heat
A new form of French government, it helps create the War of 1812. It is a republic ruled by directors, they want checks and balances, and wanted to spread the revolution to other countries.
Directory
What were some of the effects of the Industrial Revolution?
The rise of factories, the rise of Urbanization, changes in social structure.
What were some of the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Cheaper goods, more access to goods, less starvation, overall improvement in people’s lives, and improvements in medicine.
During the industrial revolution, which classes lives were dominated by the factory?
Working Class
During the Industrial Revolution, did they have job security?
No
Which gender was highly favored to work in Textile Mills?
Women and girls
Which gender was highly favored to work in the mines?
Men and boys
Why did working women not want to get pregnant?
Because they would lose their jobs.
What were some of the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Tuberculosis, rising alcohol use.
What were some of the problems with early cities?
Sanitation issues, diseases, crime, and pollution.
During the industrial revolution, which social class LOSES power?
Aristocracy
During the industrial revolution, which social class GAINS power?
The middle class.
What were some of the changes in lifestyle during the industrial revolution?
Women’s social status declines and the government slowly begins to get involved.
What were two things the government to help with safety during the Industrial Revolution?
Making child labor laws, and tried to increase the safety of workers.
What was a man’s image of a woman during the Industrial Revolution?
Skinny and modest.
What did it mean for a man, if a wife got to stay home and perform wifely duties while he went out and worked?
They had a high status in society.
During the age of Ideaology, what emerged during the Enlightenment?
Liberalism.
These people were pro representative government, they believe in a social contract, and that they should have their natural rights protected, they also believe in reason, that the universe is explainable, and free trade.
Liberals
These people believed that every generation creates a better world.
Liberals
The belief that God is real and created the world, but he does not interact. (the founding fathers believed in this.)
Deism
This belief emerged during the French Revolution, they are pro-monarchy, oppose radical change, and argued that radical change leads to anarchy. They are also pro mercantilism.
Conservatism
He was a conservative thinker, He’s anti-revolution, believed hereditary rule was better than representative government.
Edmund Burke
Who was the first and only Mexican king?
King Augustine I
What is mercantilism?
Anti-world trade and the government is heavily regulating the economy.
This was a literary movement, was inherently conservative, emerged as a rejection of the scientific revolution.
Romanticism
What are some of the factors of Romanticism?
It emphasizes the individual, rejects Enlightenment ideas, emphasizes the beauty of nature, believed the scientific rev. deprives people of their being and creativity, they are all about emotion.
Artist during the Romantic movement, who tried to show emotion through his art. He has a painting called May.
Francisco Goya
What is a geist?
A ghost or spirit.
All romantics believed every nation has a _____.
geist
These two German brothers wrote German folk tales trying to uncover the German geist.
The brothers Grimm
This man was a liberal thinker who studied demographics, he argued that the population would grow far beyond the economys doing. And also believed we shouldn’t have welfare.
Thomas Malthus
Who came up with the idea of utilitarinism?
Jeremy Bentham
What is utilitarinism?
Government laws on the economy.
What were the ideaologies of the Industrial Revolution?
Chartism, Eutopeian societies, and St. Simonians
This group of people was founded by Henry Day St. Simon, tried to make a perfect working class and environment using social science.
St. Simonians
What was chartism?
The first large scale working class movement in the world in Britian during the 1830’s. It was very mild, All they wanted was more workers in the government and wanted working class voting rights.
Who was Charles Fornier?
He created the phalanx and wanted to make farming the center of family structure.
What is a phalanx?
A model communtiy that rejects the patriarch system and wanted women to have more rights.
Women had more freedom and power in what type of society?
European
What is dialectical mercantilism? (dialect)
Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis, Substructure, Proletariat, Bourgeoisie.
The dominant culture represented the ______.
thesis
The antithesis was what?
Emerging challenge
Synthesis comes from _____ and _____
thesis and antithesis
What was the substructure?
the economy
What was the superstructure?
everything else like religion and government
He was a journalist from Germany and he helped contribute the making of dialectial mercantilism. (dialect)
Karl Marx
He helped Marx created the dialect.
Frederich Engels
Believed everything is based on economy, the only thing that moves class is structure.
Karl Marx
What is capitalism?
Theft
The value of a product comes from the ______.
workers
This dominates most of the 1900’s, it is when you take pride in your country and can also lead to war.
Nationalism
What was the first latin american government to become independent?
Hati
Hati means …..
Mountainous, hilly country
This was a French sugar colony, that was made up of 90% black slaves, 10% freed slaves and white people.
San Dominque
Who led the revolution against France?
Toussaint L’ouverture
Who was put on the throne in Spain? (Napoleon’s brother)
Joseph Bonaparte
Who liberated the NORTH part of Latin America?
Simon Bolivar
Who liberated the SOUTH part of Latin America?
Jose de San Martin
What is a creole?
White person born in Latin America
What was a penninsular?
A white person born in spain.
Who was more superior out of the creole’s and penninsular’s?
Penninsular
When the Greeks revolt against Ottomon and Turkish rule. Great Britian and France help them become independent.
Greek Revolt
Also known as the “July Revolution”, It is the middle class against the monarchy and the middle class tries getting the right to vote.
1830 Revolution in France
What king gave the middle class voting rights?
King Louis Phillipe
This revolution happened when France was going through severe economic depression, their government is corrupt, the LOWER class wanted to vote so they over threw Louis Phillipe and it fails to give them power.
Second French Revolution
Who was the first French emporere that was ELECTED and made himself Emporer for life until 1870 and he was the last French emporer.
Napoleon III
Under the congress of Vienna, Spain controlled most of Italy (south part) and the rest (north) was under Austria control, and the Italians wanted to be governed and controlled by other Italians. What was this called?
The Unification of Italy
The Hohenzollerns controlled which country?
Prussia
The Habsburgs controlled which country?
Austria
Who was Wilhem I?
The king of Prussia who begins to modernize the Prussia army.
Who was Otto Von Bismark?
Prussia’s priminister who was also a junker.
This was German for Aristocrat
Junker
The politics of reality, “Do not commit yourself to one way of thinking”
Realpolitik
Freed trade treaty with other German countries and Austria doesn’t join.
Zollverein
What was the BADEMS Telegram?
When Wilhelm doctored the telegram to make it look like it’s a threat and leaks it to the press.
Spain and Prussia both try to put ______________________ onto the Spanish throne.
Leopold
_____ sends a telegram to Wilhelm saying not to let Leopold be king.
Napoleon
What was the age of Imperialism?
The 2nd wave of colonialism.
The new colonialism.
Neo-Colonialism
He was a British economist, wrote imperialism, and believed Britian needed to open new markets.
John Hobson
He argued that imperialism was the highest form of capitialism.
Vladimir Lenin
What were some of the characteristics of Nationalism in neo-colonialism?
pride, competition, and imposing your culture on other countries
What was the civilizing mission?
It was religiously based, the duty of Europeans to elevate their religion to other people. Bringing other people to Christianity.
Who argued that four races were unequal?
Joseph Comte de Gobineau
He takes Darwins origin of species and creates social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer
This was used to justify imperialism. “Stronger races conquer other ones”
Social Darwinism
An English missionary trying to stop the slave trade in Africa.
Sir Thomas Buxton
Neo Colonial people needed these because they don’t have all they need. (rubber)
Raw Materials
A journalist with the NY Herald who sets out to find Livingstone.
Henry Stanley
Scottish person trying to help end the slave trade in Africa.
David Livingstone
Where does Stanley find Livingstone?
Lake Tangayika
Who creates the Belgian Congo and hires Stanley to help colonize?
King Leopold of Belgium
What new technology allows Europeans to colonize Africa?
Steamboats, railroads, canals, military, telegraphs, and medical
What canal was built by the French to go from the red sea to the medeterrainean sea, goes through Egypt.
Suez Canal
Who STARTED building the Panama canal?
The French
Why couldn’t the French finish building the Panama canal?
Diseases killed the workers, and they were running out of money.
Who finished building the Panama Canal?
The U.S
What is Gun Boat Diplomacy?
When you threaten another country with going to war on ships.
What was a maxim gun?
one of the early machine guns
What is Quinine?
Early Medicine
What did India have that everyone wanted?
Spices
Who established the Mughal Empire?
Zahir al Din Muhammad
What was Zahir al Din Muhammed’s nickname?
Babur the Tiger
This company ruled partially by government and partially by other investors, they traded in spices and ruled by permission of the crown in India.
English East India Company
An Indian soldier working in the EEIC. They were muslim and Hindu.
Sepoy
This revolt happened in 1857, and helped the British colonize India. They killed British officers, and Queen Victoria took away the EEIC.
Sepoy Revolt
The British governent in India that helped them colonize India.
Raj
Europeans failed to colonize this country because diseases wiped them out.
Africa
Portugal colonized these two towns….
Angola and Mozambique
The Netherlands colonized these colonies and they are currently in South Africa.
Cape Colonies
This was Leopolds personal army, they were brutal and made up of Africans.
Force Publique
British JOURNALIST in Africa who was the first person to start investigating the Belgians.
Edmund Morel
British INVESTIGATOR who investigated the Belgians and took everything away from Leopold.
Roger Casement
Who wrote the Heart of Darkness and based it on his real life experience as a steamboat captain in the Belgian Congo?
Joseph Conrad
Which town is colonized by the Dutch East India Company and becomes a nice place in 1652?
Cape Town
This word means Dutch for farmer.
Boers
A European (Dutch/French) born in Africa.
Afrikaner
Dutch for prisoners and these people led the Great Trek
Voortrekkers
When the Afrikanhers left their colonies because Great Britian outlawed slavery.
The Great Trek
What were the names of the new colonies the Afrikanhers developed?
Republic of Natal, Orange Free State, and Transvaal.
This war involved the Dutch Afrikanhers against the British gov. over territories because of the discovery of diamonds and gold. Britain won.
Boer Wars
The British did this after the Boer Wars in 1910.
The Union of South Africa
When 14 European countries came together in Germany to carve out Africa but the Africans werent involved also called “The Scramble for Africa”
Berlin Conference
Who found the diamonds in South Africa?
Cecil John Rhodes
What was the company Cecil founded?
Da Beers
Who helped the British take land and colonize it?
Bechuanaland and Rhodesia
This country was colonized differently and not by the government they colonized economically indirectly through trade.
China
Before the Manchu Dynasty how was China different?
They had a highly efficient government (bureacracy) , and spent lots of money on public works, Had a favorable balance of trade and developed the canton system, They were isolated from the world and thought they were better than everyone.
A port city in China where the majority of trade happened.
Canton
Britian grew this and got the chinese hooked on it.
Opium
This man went to Chinese ports, and burned the opium crates in hopes to get everyone off of it.
Lin Zexu
This war involved China and Great Britian, it was done on ships, China lost and Britian decided not to colonize China.
The Opium Wars
What city in China was given to Great Britian?
Hong Kong
The British forced China to sign……
Unequal Treaties
When merchants from other countries operating in a different country do not have to abide by that countries laws.
Extraterritoriality
What were the causes of the Taiping Rebellion?
Famine and Hunger in the countryside
Led the Taiping Rebellion, he was influenced by Christians. Believed he was called by God to overthrow the Manchu’s. He wanted to get rid of the Confucian order.
Hung Xiuquon
Where the richest and highly educaated control the land. (China)
Confucian Order
An attempt to get rid of British influence in China.
The Boxer Rebellion
Revolution to modernize China
The Revolution of 1911
Who was the first European in Hawaii and Australia?
Captain James Cook
In Australia, prisions were being over crowded so they sent them here and established this place ……
New South Whales
People in New Zealand were called….
Maori
This was the treaty for the British taking over New Zealand
Treaty of Waitangi
Russia colonized _____ in the 1700’s. It was a multi ethnic area.
Caucasus
Denmark explorer that Russia hired to explore Siberia
Vitus Bering
_____ took control of Siberia (Asia)
Russia
Warning to Europe from America, to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
To threaten with warships.
Gunboat Diplomacy
Ruler from France to rule over Mexico was killed by Liberals and coined the term Latin America
Maximillian
This ship was docked in Cuba to protect American business man and it exploded and Americans claimed that the Spanish bombed them.
USS Maine
This was added to the Monroe Doctrine and it said that Europeans were invaders if they came to American territory and they would use military arsenol.
Roosevelt Corollary
This country was very similar to China, overwhelmingly rural, not industrialized and was also isolated.
Japan
Ruled by regional military leaders
Diamyo
Japanese warriors.
Samuri
Americans made Japan sign……
unequaltreaties
When the government modernizes Western ideas
Meiji Restoration
The japan do/ do not abide by Americas unequal treaties
do not
Japans legislative body
Diet
Japans first target as a redeveloped country is ______
China and Korea
China controls _____
Korea
When China and Japan go to war over Korea
Sino Japanese War
The age of anxiety comes from ______
a poem
W.H Auden wrote
The Age of Anxiety
This revolution made lots of people happy and taught that the world was predictable.
Scientific Revolution
Charles Darwins book that said humans come from Apes and created anxiety in the church.
The Descent of Man
Who took Darwin’s ideas?
Herbert Spencer
Means at birth you have a blank slate and that all human beings are a blank canvas.
Tabula Rasa
Discovered inherit traits
Gregor Medel
Nature is _____.
unfair
Discovered genetic mutations.
Hugo Devries
Tried to alter genetics to create a master race. Soviet Scientist
TD Lysenko
The Father of psychoanalyctics and is obsessed with the subconscious mind.
Sigmund Freud
When your unconscious is driven by pleasure it is called
ID
When your consciousness is driven by reality it is called
Ego
This regulates both set of values , from your ID and Ego
Superego
Who discovered radioactivity?
Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie
What the radioactive thing they discovered was called
Radium Chloride
These people painted radium on the dials of watches, began losing teeth and jaws and they all died before they were 30.
Radium girls
Radium water
Rathidor
Socialite that was convinced that drinking rathidor was good for you. and lost his jaw a year later.
Eben Byers
Newton believed space is _____ and _____
eternal and unchanging
Einstein believed space is _____ and ____
constantly changing and not predictable
Theory that the closer you are to a gravitational item the slower time goes by.
Gravitational Time Dialation
What is Existentialism?
“What is the meaning of life?” Don’t care about anything
What was “Waitinf for Godot”?
a play/ book where the main character never shows up
This was based on Freud’s idea of the subconscious.
Surrealism
Where the British Navy defeats the French Navy
The Battle of Traflagar
The Industrial Revolution happens in ______ FIRST
England
Invented the spinning jenny
James Hargreaves
Invented the steam engine
Thomas Newcomen
first to invent the railroad
Richard Treuithick
developed a system to burn off the impurities in iron
Henry Cort
Marquis de Jouffrey d’abbans invented the first steamboat called the …….
Pyroscaphe
What is the name of the ship in the Thames where Marlow tells his story? (Heart of Darkness book)
Nellie
On what river did Marlow captain a steamship for the Company? (Heart of Darkness book)
Congo
What inspired Marlow to go to Africa? (<3 book)
A map
How did Marlow get his job with the Belgian Company?
His Aunt
Why was the Company eager to send Marlow to Africa?
His predeccesor died.
Where does Marlow believe the general manager’s authority comes from?
Resistence to tropical disease
What do the natives do when a grass shed housing trade goods burns down?
Dance
Who has a painting of a blindfolded woman holding a lighted torch in his quarters?
The brickmaker
What is the name of the group of white men led by the general manager’s uncle?
Belgian Mining Corporation
What item from the coast does Marlow tell the brickmaker that he needs to repair the steamer?
Rivets
Who does Marlow overhear having a conversation one night while he is lying on the deck of the wrecked steamer?
General Manager and his uncle
What does the general manager’s uncle imply may kill Kurtz?
Tropical Disease
How did the clerk describe Kurtz’s condition to the general manager when he delivered Kurtz’s load of ivory?
ill and not recovered
What do the men aboard the steamer hear at night on their journey to Kurtz’s station?
drums
Where does the Eldorado Expedition go when they leave the Central Station?
The wildnernes
What disturbs Marlow the most about the way Kurtz talks about his Intended, ivory, the Inner Station, and the river?
His air of possesion
Whom does Marlow blame for the death of the African helmsman?
The African Helmsman
How does Marlow dispose of the African helmsman’s body?
He throws it overboard
Who beckons to the steamer from the shore at the Inner Station when they arrive?
The Russian Trader
When Marlow arrives at the Inner Station, what explanation does the Russian trader give for the natives attacking the steamer?
Preventing Kurtz’s departure
What does Kurtz’s African mistress do when she sees Kurtz being brought aboard the steamer?
Stares and then leaves
What does Marlow say to completely alienate himself from the general manager and the rest of the Company’s functionaries?
He calls Kurtz remarkable
According to the Russian trader, who really ordered the attack on the steamer?
Kurtz
Before leaving in a canoe, which of these items does the Russian trader not ask Marlow for?
food
After rushing at Kurtz’s stretcher with a piercing cry, why do the natives withdraw and allow the party to pass?
Kurtz talks with them
Who nurses Marlow back to health once he returns to Europe?
His Aunt
According to his cousin, Kurtz’s talent was ___?
music
What does Kurtz’s journalist colleague believe were Kurtz’s true skills?
popular or extremist politics
When Marlow visits Kurtz’s Intended and finds her still in mourning, how long has it been since Kurtz’s death?
Over a year
Marlow tell Kurtz’s Intended that Kurtz’s last words were ___?
her name
