Exam 1 Flashcards
What were 3 causes of the French Revolution?
Absolutism, National Debt, and The Enlightenment
Believed the world was governed by natural laws.
Sir Issac Newton
Argued what is the point of government and believed the only job the government had was to protect your natural rights.
John Locke
When a king has absolute power.
Absolutism
This means BEFORE the revolution.
Ancien Regime
All the members of the catholic church.
clergy
Very prestigious, served as the military, they were tax exempted, they controlled lots of land, and had special privileges in the government.
Nobility
90 % of the population made this class up. There are subclasses within this class.
The Third Estate
“Middle Class People” they had money, and were educated, they were doctors and lawyers. And They are advocating changes bc they like the enlightenment,
Bourgeoisie
They were Urban blue collar workers, city dwelling and unskilled they were equal with the peasants
Sans Cullottes
Rural people , rent land from nobility taxes fell hardest on them and they were the poorest
Peasants
The king of France and first absolute ruler.
Louis XVI
Tells Louis they’re in debt, he was his financial advisor.
Calonne
A representative body with three chambers.
The Estates General
What are the three chambers of the estates general?
clergy, nobility, and the third estate
144 men hand picked by Louis.
The Assembly of Notables
When members of the third estate came together to write this constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
Another name for the Third Estate
The National Assembly
The only person not in the NAtional Assembly is ________.
King Louis
On July 14th mods stormed the_______ It was a prison for prisoners who pissed off the king but also held all their military stuff.
Bastille
When the peasants were striking against the feudal system in the country side. they went from house to house killing the nobility and burning leger books.
The Great Fear
Freed all the peasants and ends the feudal system
Decree of August 4th
Argues that men of all social classes are equal and free.
The Declarations of the Rights of Man
He was a nobleman, he helped write the dec. of the rights of man, when he was a teenager he faught w george washington and he created a constitutional monarchy
Marquis De Lafayette
Frances NEW form of government they pass laws and has TWO factions.
Legislative Assembly
What are the two factions in the Legislative Assembly
Girondis and Jacobins
These people represented the middle class, were “hands off” when it came to the economy and wanted laws that protected their businesses.
Girondis
Wanted to protect workers rights (safety) and had 2 major leaders.
Jacobins
One leader of the Jacobins that everyone loved.
Georges Danton
Another leader of the Jacobins that everyone hated and had no personality.
Maximilien Danton
When Louis and Marie Antwonet fled France to Varennes. They were both arrested and the legislative assembly dissolved.
Flight to Varennes
A new French government without a king. It is a republic and only certain people can vote for their leader.
National Convention
What was an external threat of the Revolution
War with other countries
What was an internal threat of the Revolution
Paranoia
When citizens spied on their neighbors and reported them to the authorities They burned books and censored newspapers.
Committees of Public Safety
When people didn’t agree with Robespierre, they were killed. Danton was killed because of this. Lot’s of people were executed Some not even related to the revolution.
Reign of Terror
This ends the Reign of Terror; Named after the month of November. They dissolved the National Convention and they created the Directory.
Thermidorean Reaction
November was named ________.
Thermos
Thermos is greek for _____.
Heat
A new form of French government, it helps create the War of 1812. It is a republic ruled by directors, they want checks and balances, and wanted to spread the revolution to other countries.
Directory
What were some of the effects of the Industrial Revolution?
The rise of factories, the rise of Urbanization, changes in social structure.
What were some of the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Cheaper goods, more access to goods, less starvation, overall improvement in people’s lives, and improvements in medicine.
During the industrial revolution, which classes lives were dominated by the factory?
Working Class
During the Industrial Revolution, did they have job security?
No
Which gender was highly favored to work in Textile Mills?
Women and girls
Which gender was highly favored to work in the mines?
Men and boys
Why did working women not want to get pregnant?
Because they would lose their jobs.
What were some of the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Tuberculosis, rising alcohol use.
What were some of the problems with early cities?
Sanitation issues, diseases, crime, and pollution.
During the industrial revolution, which social class LOSES power?
Aristocracy
During the industrial revolution, which social class GAINS power?
The middle class.
What were some of the changes in lifestyle during the industrial revolution?
Women’s social status declines and the government slowly begins to get involved.
What were two things the government to help with safety during the Industrial Revolution?
Making child labor laws, and tried to increase the safety of workers.
What was a man’s image of a woman during the Industrial Revolution?
Skinny and modest.
What did it mean for a man, if a wife got to stay home and perform wifely duties while he went out and worked?
They had a high status in society.
During the age of Ideaology, what emerged during the Enlightenment?
Liberalism.
These people were pro representative government, they believe in a social contract, and that they should have their natural rights protected, they also believe in reason, that the universe is explainable, and free trade.
Liberals
These people believed that every generation creates a better world.
Liberals
The belief that God is real and created the world, but he does not interact. (the founding fathers believed in this.)
Deism
This belief emerged during the French Revolution, they are pro-monarchy, oppose radical change, and argued that radical change leads to anarchy. They are also pro mercantilism.
Conservatism
He was a conservative thinker, He’s anti-revolution, believed hereditary rule was better than representative government.
Edmund Burke
Who was the first and only Mexican king?
King Augustine I
What is mercantilism?
Anti-world trade and the government is heavily regulating the economy.
This was a literary movement, was inherently conservative, emerged as a rejection of the scientific revolution.
Romanticism
What are some of the factors of Romanticism?
It emphasizes the individual, rejects Enlightenment ideas, emphasizes the beauty of nature, believed the scientific rev. deprives people of their being and creativity, they are all about emotion.
Artist during the Romantic movement, who tried to show emotion through his art. He has a painting called May.
Francisco Goya
What is a geist?
A ghost or spirit.
All romantics believed every nation has a _____.
geist
These two German brothers wrote German folk tales trying to uncover the German geist.
The brothers Grimm
This man was a liberal thinker who studied demographics, he argued that the population would grow far beyond the economys doing. And also believed we shouldn’t have welfare.
Thomas Malthus
Who came up with the idea of utilitarinism?
Jeremy Bentham
What is utilitarinism?
Government laws on the economy.
What were the ideaologies of the Industrial Revolution?
Chartism, Eutopeian societies, and St. Simonians
This group of people was founded by Henry Day St. Simon, tried to make a perfect working class and environment using social science.
St. Simonians
What was chartism?
The first large scale working class movement in the world in Britian during the 1830’s. It was very mild, All they wanted was more workers in the government and wanted working class voting rights.
Who was Charles Fornier?
He created the phalanx and wanted to make farming the center of family structure.
What is a phalanx?
A model communtiy that rejects the patriarch system and wanted women to have more rights.
Women had more freedom and power in what type of society?
European
What is dialectical mercantilism? (dialect)
Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis, Substructure, Proletariat, Bourgeoisie.
The dominant culture represented the ______.
thesis
The antithesis was what?
Emerging challenge
Synthesis comes from _____ and _____
thesis and antithesis
What was the substructure?
the economy
What was the superstructure?
everything else like religion and government
He was a journalist from Germany and he helped contribute the making of dialectial mercantilism. (dialect)
Karl Marx
He helped Marx created the dialect.
Frederich Engels
Believed everything is based on economy, the only thing that moves class is structure.
Karl Marx
What is capitalism?
Theft
The value of a product comes from the ______.
workers
This dominates most of the 1900’s, it is when you take pride in your country and can also lead to war.
Nationalism
What was the first latin american government to become independent?
Hati
Hati means …..
Mountainous, hilly country
This was a French sugar colony, that was made up of 90% black slaves, 10% freed slaves and white people.
San Dominque
Who led the revolution against France?
Toussaint L’ouverture
Who was put on the throne in Spain? (Napoleon’s brother)
Joseph Bonaparte
Who liberated the NORTH part of Latin America?
Simon Bolivar
Who liberated the SOUTH part of Latin America?
Jose de San Martin
What is a creole?
White person born in Latin America
What was a penninsular?
A white person born in spain.
Who was more superior out of the creole’s and penninsular’s?
Penninsular
When the Greeks revolt against Ottomon and Turkish rule. Great Britian and France help them become independent.
Greek Revolt
Also known as the “July Revolution”, It is the middle class against the monarchy and the middle class tries getting the right to vote.
1830 Revolution in France
What king gave the middle class voting rights?
King Louis Phillipe
This revolution happened when France was going through severe economic depression, their government is corrupt, the LOWER class wanted to vote so they over threw Louis Phillipe and it fails to give them power.
Second French Revolution
Who was the first French emporere that was ELECTED and made himself Emporer for life until 1870 and he was the last French emporer.
Napoleon III
