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Music 105 > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

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1
Q

rhythm

A

the organization of time in music

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2
Q

measure or a bar

A

a group of beats

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3
Q

meter

A

gathering of beats into regular groups

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4
Q

duple meter

A

two beats per measure

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5
Q

quadruple meter

A

four beats per measure

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6
Q

how is meter in music indicated

A

through the use of the meter signature

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7
Q

syncopation

A

the accent gets placed on the weak beat or between the beats

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8
Q

tempo

A

the speed at which the beats progress

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9
Q

grave or largo

A

very slow

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10
Q

adagio

A

slow

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11
Q

allegretto

A

moderately fast

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12
Q

presto

A

very fast

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13
Q

accelerando and ritardando

A

getting faster and getting slower

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14
Q

pitch

A

the relative position, high or low, of a musical sound

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15
Q

antecedent and consequent

A

opens and closes

question and answer

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16
Q

dynamics

A

the various levels of volume, soft to loud

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17
Q

fortissimo

A

very loud

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18
Q

forte

A

loud

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19
Q

messo forte

A

moderately loud

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20
Q

mezzo piano

A

moderately soft

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21
Q

piano

A

soft

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22
Q

pianissimo

A

very soft

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23
Q

sforzando

A

a sudden, loud attack on one note or chord

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24
Q

colour

A

the tonal quality of any sound produced

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25
Q

timbre

A

the tonal quality of any sound produced

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26
Q

monophony

A

one sounding, a single line of music with no harmony

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27
Q

homophony

A

same sounding, all voices or lines move together to new pitches at roughly the same time

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28
Q

polyphony

A

monay sounding, requires tow of more lines in the musical fabric

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29
Q

counterpoint

A

the harmonious opposition of two or more independent musical lines

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30
Q

strophic form

A

the composer sets the words of the first poetic stanza and then uses the same melody for all subsequent stanzas

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31
Q

binary form

A

two contrasting units

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32
Q

melismatic singing

A

many notes sung to just one syllable

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33
Q

organum

A

early four voice church polyphony

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34
Q

Proper of the Mass

A

monophonic, “to be proper” for the feast day in question

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35
Q

Ordinary of the Mass

A

polyphonic, the parts that are played every sunday

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36
Q

rondeau

A

the musical refrain appears several times…

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37
Q

motet

A

French for the “word”… setting of a sacred text to music

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38
Q

Doctrine of Affections

A

an aesthetic theory that holds that music can and should be used to affect different emotional states

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39
Q

monody

A

solo singing

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40
Q

basso continuo

A

bass-driven chordal support, comprised of cello and harpsichord

41
Q

figured bass

A

numerical shorthand placed below the bass line that indicates what notes to play in the chord

42
Q

recitative

A

musically heightened speech through which the plot of the opera was communicated to the audience

43
Q

Aria

A

passionate, expansive, tuneful, clear meters and regular rhythms - tells plot

44
Q

arioso

A

between recitative and aria - tells how the character feels

45
Q

chamber cantata

A

music for soloists performed in home

46
Q

basso osinato

A

repetition of bass line, “stubborn” bass

47
Q

ground bass

A

what the british called basso osinato

48
Q

idiomatic writing

A

exploitation of the strengths and avoidance of the weaknesses of particular voices and instruments

49
Q

orchestra

A

the ensemble of musicians, organized around a core of strings with added woodwinds and brasses playing under a leader

50
Q

sonata

A

instrumental piece: usually 4 parts: slow, fast slow fast

51
Q

trio sonata

A

four musicians: 1st and 2nd violin, cello, harpsichord

52
Q

concerto

A

to strive together

53
Q

ritornello form

A

“return”

54
Q

fugue

A

a composition for two, three, four, or five parts played or sung, which beings with a presentation of subject in imitation, (exposition) continues with modulation of subject (episodes) and ends with a strong affirmation of the tonic key

55
Q

pedal point

A

a note, usually in the bass, that is sustained or repeated for a time while harmonies change around it, usually indicates the end is near

56
Q

cadenza

A

a showy passage for a solo instrument toward the end of the concerto

57
Q

chorale

A

a spiritual melody or religious folksong of the Lutheran Church (aka a hymn)

58
Q

prelude

A

a short preparatory piece that sets a mood and serves as a technical warm-up for the player before the fugue

59
Q

dance suite

A

a collection of dances, usually from 2-7, all in one key and for one group of instruments

60
Q

oratorio

A

“something sung in an oratory” a prayer with music

61
Q

minuet

A

a stately dance in triple meter

62
Q

trio

A

originally played with only three instruments, and the name has persisted even though many instruments can play a trio

63
Q

sonata-allegro

A

four movement symphony that took form in classical period, consists of intro, exposition, development, recapitulation, coda

64
Q

diminished chord

A

a chord comprised of two minor thirds

65
Q

rubato

A

“robbed” a term that refers to timing that speeds up and slows down

66
Q

character piece

A

a miniature, usually written for piano, captures a single mood

67
Q

diminution

A

a process where the line is played twice as fast as originally scored

68
Q

Risorgimento

A

the movement for a united Italy, led by Verdi

69
Q

recitativo accompagnato

A

a recitativo that is accompanied by the orchestra, so as to be less jarring

70
Q

cabaletta

A

a fast concluding aria in which the increaed speed of the music allows for the singer to rush off the stage

71
Q

Gesamtkunstwerk

A

the total work - the unified force of everything needed to put an opera together

72
Q

Bayreuth Festival

A

a opera fest, first staged in 1876, showing only Wagner operas

73
Q

liebestod

A

love-death

74
Q

leitmotif

A

a light motive, signature tune, each character has their own leitmotif

75
Q

verismo opera

A

a real life story, told opera style - Puccini’s La Boheme

76
Q

double stops

A

playing two notes on a stringed instrument at once

77
Q

Impressionism

A

the rejection of photographic realism, the idea was to reproduce the senses in a single fleeting moment

78
Q

polymeter

A

two or more meters sounding simultaneously

79
Q

polyrhythm

A

two or more rhythms sounding simultaneously

80
Q

polychord

A

simultaneous sounding of one triad or seventh chord with another

81
Q

atonal music

A

music not based on the tonal system

82
Q

sprechstimme

A

speech voice, a vocal technique that requires the singer to declaim the text rather than sing it

83
Q

twelve tone music

A

all twelve tones must be played before they can be repeated, a non-hierarchical system

84
Q

what are the four voices of the ORGANUM

A

Quadruplum, triplum, duplum, tenor

85
Q

what are the seven chord names

A

I tonic, II supertonic, III mediant, IV subdominant, V dominant, VI submediant, VII subtonic

86
Q

what is the AMEN cadence

A

IV - I

87
Q

talea

A

rhythmic pattern within isorhythmic stucture

88
Q

isorhythm

A

meaning “same rhythm” a lengthy pattern normally occurring in the tenor. first used 14th CE

89
Q

hocket

A

contrapuntal technique with a specific texture, namely, the insertion of rests not as a demarcation of the end of a phrase, often giving rise to syncopation

90
Q

color

A

melodic pattern within isorhythmic structure

91
Q

enharmonic spelling

A

one pitch spelled in two different ways, ie, C# = Db

92
Q

monophony

A

single line of music

93
Q

homophony

A

all voices moving at the same time

94
Q

tactus

A

to touch - a term used by music theorists of late middle ages and renaissance to indicate the fundamental division in music

95
Q

tempo

A

speed of the beats

96
Q

rhythm

A

organization of time

97
Q

what are the three types of plainsong

A

direct (no distinction between choir and soloist), responsorial (alternation between soloist and choir), antiphonal (choir split into two groups)

98
Q

what year was the switch from parchment to paper

A

about 1400

Music 105 (2 decks)

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