Final Exam Flashcards
True or False
A sweeney is a depression in muscle mass (usually at the shoulder) that may be from an injury to the nerves, lack of control, and/or atrophy.
True
This type of event uses almost exclusively Standardbred horses:
a. cutting
b. harness racing
c. dressage
d. reining
b. harness racing
There are _____ cervical vertebrae.
7
There are _____ thoracic vertebrae.
18
There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.
6
There are _____ sacrum vertebrae.
5
There are _____ caudal vertebrae.
15-22
There are _____ ribs.
18
4 wild horse types
Tarpan
Forest
Asiatic Wild
Tundra
4-beat gait that is slow
Walk
2-beat diagonal gait
Back
2-beat diagonal gait, faster than a walk
Trot/Jog
2-beat lateral gait, faster than a walk
Pace
3-beat gait
Canter/ Lope
4-beat gait
Gallop
True or False
Bot fly larvae can damage the lining go the stomach, where they attach
True
True or False
The toxin causing Tetanus is called Clostridium perfringen.
False, Clostridium tetani
True or False
Rabies is transmitted from the blood of an infected wild animal to a horse
False, transmitted when saliva comes into contact with mucous membrane.
True or False
Pinworms are more commonly found in younger horses.
True
The most common blood feeding flying pest to a horse is:
a. mosquito
b. horse fly
c. stable fly
d. bot fly
c. stable fly
____ bones in horse skeletal system.
205
The first signs of domestication of the horse were discovered to be:
a. between 300 and 500 years ago
b. between 1,000 and 2,000 years ago
c. between 2,500 and 4,500 b.c.
d. between 6,000 and 8,000 b.c.
c. between 2,500 and 4,500 b.c.
True or False
Hindgut fermentation in the horse takes place in the small intestine
False
True or False
In a normal delivery, the feet will start to protrude from the vulva, one slightly ahead of the other, during stage 1 of parturition.
False
True or False
On average, a horse consumes about 10-12 gallons of water a day.
True
True or False
The recommended particle size for ideal composting is 2 to 2 1/2 “ in size
False
True or False
With fresh semen, a sample should contain a minimum of 200 million progressively motile sperm
False, 300 million progressively motile sperm
True or False
The innermost area of the ovary that contains the ova is called the cortex
True
True or False
For ventilation, it is recommended to have a minimum of 1’ length of a ridge vent for every stall (horse) in a barn
True
True or False
The gestation length of a mare is normally 315 to 320 days
False, 310 - 365 days (~11 months)
True or False
If anaerobic conditions are present during composting, it will lead to unpleasant odors.
True
True or False
Fertilization occurs in the portion of the oviduct referred to as the isthmus.
False
True or False
Horses are unable to belch, vomit, and don’t chew cud.
True
True or False
A normal estrous cycle length is an average of 31 days
False, 21 days
True or False
When a horse increases speed from a canter to a fast gallop, type II fibers are primarily used for energy generation to contribute to muscle contractions.
True
When performing artificial insemination, it is recommended to first deposit semen on which day of estrus (heat)?
a. 2nd day
b. 4th day
c. 1st day
d. 3rd day
c. 1st day
Average fertilizer content on an as-is basis contains about 12lb N/ton, 9lb K2O/ton and how many lb P2O5/ton?
a. 5
b. 9
c. 12
d. none
a. 5
A 1000# maintenance horse should consume about how many pounds of feed/day?
a. 20-25#
b. 5-10#
c. 15-20#
d. 10-15#
c. 15-20#
Flooring considerations do NOT include:
a. a 12-14” soffit
b. ease of cleaning
c. availability & cost
d. drainage
a. a 12-14” soffit
The rate of passage for feed in a horse is:
a. 40 to 50 hours
b. 65 to 75 hours
c. 100 to 120 hours
d. 95 to 105 hours
b. 65 to 75 hours
Examples of common bedding would not include:
a. straw
b. sand
c. shavings
d. pressure treated wood shavings
d. pressure treated wood shavings
How much manure does a horse produce per day?
a. ~25 lbs
b. ~10 lbs
c. ~75 lbs
d. ~50 lbs
d. ~50 lbs
The goal when considering composting, is to have the pile(s) sustain the internal temperature of 145 degrees for at least how long?
a. 7 days
b. 14 days
c. 21 days
d. 28 days
b. 14 days
When does ovulation occur?
a. 0-12 hr. prior to end of heat
b. 24-48 hr. after the end of heat
c. 12-23 hr. prior to end of heat
d. 24-48 hr. prior to end of heat
d. 24-48 hr. prior to end of heat
Which is NOT part of stage 2 parturition:
a. Expulsion of the placenta
b. Amnionic membrane protrudes
c. Feet protrude from vulva
d. Amnion ruptures
a. Expulsion of the placenta
Which include the one, two, or three rule for foals:
a. should stand within 1 hour
b. placenta should pass within 3 hrs
c. should nurse within 2 hours
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The mare is unique in that it is anestrus during the winter and it is considered to be seasonally _____.
Polyestrus
The ratio of Ca:P in the diet ranges from 1:1 to _____.
2.5:1
The concave side of the ovary where ovulation occurs is called the _____.
Ovulation fossa
Never feed more than _____ BW/feeding.
0.75
It is recommended that a building housing horses have at least _____ air changes per hour.
4-8
Respiratory rate at a gallop is linked to _____, where a horse takes a breath for every step.
Stride
As a horse becomes more fit, stroke volume tends to _____ and heart rate at a particular speed tends to _____.
Increase
Decrease
What are 2 stages of the estrous cycle; diestrus, which is usually _____ days in length, and estrus, which is usually _____ days in length
14
6
Discuss 3 factors that influence the digestibility of nutrients in the digestive tract:
rate of passage
level of maturity
method of processing
Describe the signs of impending parturition:
relaxed vulva
vocalization
laying down/ getting up (restless)
Name 2 factors that influences the digestibility of the nutrients in the digestive tract:
Type
Frequency
Discuss one aspect of newborn foal care:
Iodine the Naval
Compare positive and negative aspects of Artificial Insemination vs. Natural mating:
AI = easier to transport AI = could be less viable AI = reduced risk, reduced infection
Discuss how nutritional requirements may change for a horse:
Needs differ with seasons, age, work load, performance level, lactation, and pregnancy
A _____ is a deviation in structure or function that interferes with the use and ability of a horse.
unsoundness
Identify which of the following is NOT an unsoundness or blemish in the hock area:
a. thoroughpin
b. curb
c. ringbone
d. bog spavin
c. ringbone - pastern
A condition where there is soft, fleshy swelling from an irritation or injury at the point of the elbow or hock:
a. side elbow, ringed hock
b. boot boil
c. bucked elbow, bucked hock
d. capped elbow, capped hock
d. capped elbow, capped hock
A flexion test, involving the distal forelimb, usually produces exacerbation of this lameness:
a. navicular
b. thoroughpin
c. wind puff
d. shoe boil
a. navicular
List one example of a horse breed with a unique gait (other than walk, trot, canter) and describe the gait:
Standardbred - pace - this is a 2 beat lateral gait that is faster than a walk
LHLF (1) - suspension - RHRF (2)
Phenotype = _____ x _____
genotype
environment
Horses have _____ pairs of chromosomes
32
What are the 2 genes for emphasizing coat color?
Extension (E)
Agouti (A)
_____ controls the production of red and black pigment
Extension (E)
_____ controls the distribution of black pigment
Agouti (A)
What are the 5 modifying dilution genes?
Cream Champagne Dun Pearl Silver
What color foal would you get if you breed two red horses?
red
Could you determine by phenotypic examination (of coat color) whether a red horse had an (AA or Aa) or (aa)?
NO
____ inability to form pigment in skin and hair, and is rarely encountered
W gene
____ exclusion of pigment from hair
G gene
A gray horse will be either _____ or _____
GG or Gg
Single dose dilutions produce _____, _____, and _____
Palomino
Buckskin
Smoky black
2 doses (dilutions) produce _____, _____, and _____
Cremello
Perlino
Smoky Creams
_____ causes pigment dilution
C gene
_____ dilutes black, and does not change red
Silver (Z) gene
_____ dun pattern and pigment dilution
Gene D
