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AVS 466 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

True or False
A sweeney is a depression in muscle mass (usually at the shoulder) that may be from an injury to the nerves, lack of control, and/or atrophy.

A

True

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2
Q

This type of event uses almost exclusively Standardbred horses:

a. cutting
b. harness racing
c. dressage
d. reining

A

b. harness racing

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3
Q

There are _____ cervical vertebrae.

A

7

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4
Q

There are _____ thoracic vertebrae.

A

18

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5
Q

There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.

A

6

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6
Q

There are _____ sacrum vertebrae.

A

5

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7
Q

There are _____ caudal vertebrae.

A

15-22

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8
Q

There are _____ ribs.

A

18

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9
Q

4 wild horse types

A

Tarpan
Forest
Asiatic Wild
Tundra

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10
Q

4-beat gait that is slow

A

Walk

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11
Q

2-beat diagonal gait

A

Back

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12
Q

2-beat diagonal gait, faster than a walk

A

Trot/Jog

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13
Q

2-beat lateral gait, faster than a walk

A

Pace

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14
Q

3-beat gait

A

Canter/ Lope

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15
Q

4-beat gait

A

Gallop

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16
Q

True or False

Bot fly larvae can damage the lining go the stomach, where they attach

A

True

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17
Q

True or False

The toxin causing Tetanus is called Clostridium perfringen.

A

False, Clostridium tetani

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18
Q

True or False

Rabies is transmitted from the blood of an infected wild animal to a horse

A

False, transmitted when saliva comes into contact with mucous membrane.

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19
Q

True or False

Pinworms are more commonly found in younger horses.

A

True

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20
Q

The most common blood feeding flying pest to a horse is:

a. mosquito
b. horse fly
c. stable fly
d. bot fly

A

c. stable fly

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21
Q

____ bones in horse skeletal system.

A

205

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22
Q

The first signs of domestication of the horse were discovered to be:

a. between 300 and 500 years ago
b. between 1,000 and 2,000 years ago
c. between 2,500 and 4,500 b.c.
d. between 6,000 and 8,000 b.c.

A

c. between 2,500 and 4,500 b.c.

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23
Q

True or False

Hindgut fermentation in the horse takes place in the small intestine

A

False

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24
Q

True or False
In a normal delivery, the feet will start to protrude from the vulva, one slightly ahead of the other, during stage 1 of parturition.

A

False

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25
Q

True or False

On average, a horse consumes about 10-12 gallons of water a day.

A

True

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26
Q

True or False

The recommended particle size for ideal composting is 2 to 2 1/2 “ in size

A

False

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27
Q

True or False

With fresh semen, a sample should contain a minimum of 200 million progressively motile sperm

A

False, 300 million progressively motile sperm

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28
Q

True or False

The innermost area of the ovary that contains the ova is called the cortex

A

True

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29
Q

True or False

For ventilation, it is recommended to have a minimum of 1’ length of a ridge vent for every stall (horse) in a barn

A

True

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30
Q

True or False

The gestation length of a mare is normally 315 to 320 days

A

False, 310 - 365 days (~11 months)

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31
Q

True or False

If anaerobic conditions are present during composting, it will lead to unpleasant odors.

A

True

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32
Q

True or False

Fertilization occurs in the portion of the oviduct referred to as the isthmus.

A

False

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33
Q

True or False

Horses are unable to belch, vomit, and don’t chew cud.

A

True

34
Q

True or False

A normal estrous cycle length is an average of 31 days

A

False, 21 days

35
Q

True or False
When a horse increases speed from a canter to a fast gallop, type II fibers are primarily used for energy generation to contribute to muscle contractions.

A

True

36
Q

When performing artificial insemination, it is recommended to first deposit semen on which day of estrus (heat)?

a. 2nd day
b. 4th day
c. 1st day
d. 3rd day

A

c. 1st day

37
Q

Average fertilizer content on an as-is basis contains about 12lb N/ton, 9lb K2O/ton and how many lb P2O5/ton?

a. 5
b. 9
c. 12
d. none

A

a. 5

38
Q

A 1000# maintenance horse should consume about how many pounds of feed/day?

a. 20-25#
b. 5-10#
c. 15-20#
d. 10-15#

A

c. 15-20#

39
Q

Flooring considerations do NOT include:

a. a 12-14” soffit
b. ease of cleaning
c. availability & cost
d. drainage

A

a. a 12-14” soffit

40
Q

The rate of passage for feed in a horse is:

a. 40 to 50 hours
b. 65 to 75 hours
c. 100 to 120 hours
d. 95 to 105 hours

A

b. 65 to 75 hours

41
Q

Examples of common bedding would not include:

a. straw
b. sand
c. shavings
d. pressure treated wood shavings

A

d. pressure treated wood shavings

42
Q

How much manure does a horse produce per day?

a. ~25 lbs
b. ~10 lbs
c. ~75 lbs
d. ~50 lbs

A

d. ~50 lbs

43
Q

The goal when considering composting, is to have the pile(s) sustain the internal temperature of 145 degrees for at least how long?

a. 7 days
b. 14 days
c. 21 days
d. 28 days

A

b. 14 days

44
Q

When does ovulation occur?

a. 0-12 hr. prior to end of heat
b. 24-48 hr. after the end of heat
c. 12-23 hr. prior to end of heat
d. 24-48 hr. prior to end of heat

A

d. 24-48 hr. prior to end of heat

45
Q

Which is NOT part of stage 2 parturition:

a. Expulsion of the placenta
b. Amnionic membrane protrudes
c. Feet protrude from vulva
d. Amnion ruptures

A

a. Expulsion of the placenta

46
Q

Which include the one, two, or three rule for foals:

a. should stand within 1 hour
b. placenta should pass within 3 hrs
c. should nurse within 2 hours
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

47
Q

The mare is unique in that it is anestrus during the winter and it is considered to be seasonally _____.

A

Polyestrus

48
Q

The ratio of Ca:P in the diet ranges from 1:1 to _____.

A

2.5:1

49
Q

The concave side of the ovary where ovulation occurs is called the _____.

A

Ovulation fossa

50
Q

Never feed more than _____ BW/feeding.

A

0.75

51
Q

It is recommended that a building housing horses have at least _____ air changes per hour.

A

4-8

52
Q

Respiratory rate at a gallop is linked to _____, where a horse takes a breath for every step.

A

Stride

53
Q

As a horse becomes more fit, stroke volume tends to _____ and heart rate at a particular speed tends to _____.

A

Increase

Decrease

54
Q

What are 2 stages of the estrous cycle; diestrus, which is usually _____ days in length, and estrus, which is usually _____ days in length

A

14

6

55
Q

Discuss 3 factors that influence the digestibility of nutrients in the digestive tract:

A

rate of passage
level of maturity
method of processing

56
Q

Describe the signs of impending parturition:

A

relaxed vulva
vocalization
laying down/ getting up (restless)

57
Q

Name 2 factors that influences the digestibility of the nutrients in the digestive tract:

A

Type

Frequency

58
Q

Discuss one aspect of newborn foal care:

A

Iodine the Naval

59
Q

Compare positive and negative aspects of Artificial Insemination vs. Natural mating:

A 
AI = easier to transport
AI = could be less viable 
AI = reduced risk, reduced infection
60
Q

Discuss how nutritional requirements may change for a horse:

A

Needs differ with seasons, age, work load, performance level, lactation, and pregnancy

61
Q

A _____ is a deviation in structure or function that interferes with the use and ability of a horse.

A

unsoundness

62
Q

Identify which of the following is NOT an unsoundness or blemish in the hock area:

a. thoroughpin
b. curb
c. ringbone
d. bog spavin

A

c. ringbone - pastern

63
Q

A condition where there is soft, fleshy swelling from an irritation or injury at the point of the elbow or hock:

a. side elbow, ringed hock
b. boot boil
c. bucked elbow, bucked hock
d. capped elbow, capped hock

A

d. capped elbow, capped hock

64
Q

A flexion test, involving the distal forelimb, usually produces exacerbation of this lameness:

a. navicular
b. thoroughpin
c. wind puff
d. shoe boil

A

a. navicular

65
Q

List one example of a horse breed with a unique gait (other than walk, trot, canter) and describe the gait:

A

Standardbred - pace - this is a 2 beat lateral gait that is faster than a walk
LHLF (1) - suspension - RHRF (2)

66
Q

Phenotype = _____ x _____

A

genotype

environment

67
Q

Horses have _____ pairs of chromosomes

A

32

68
Q

What are the 2 genes for emphasizing coat color?

A

Extension (E)

Agouti (A)

69
Q

_____ controls the production of red and black pigment

A

Extension (E)

70
Q

_____ controls the distribution of black pigment

A

Agouti (A)

71
Q

What are the 5 modifying dilution genes?

A 
Cream 
Champagne
Dun
Pearl 
Silver
72
Q

What color foal would you get if you breed two red horses?

A

red

73
Q

Could you determine by phenotypic examination (of coat color) whether a red horse had an (AA or Aa) or (aa)?

A

NO

74
Q

____ inability to form pigment in skin and hair, and is rarely encountered

A

W gene

75
Q

____ exclusion of pigment from hair

A

G gene

76
Q

A gray horse will be either _____ or _____

A

GG or Gg

77
Q

Single dose dilutions produce _____, _____, and _____

A

Palomino
Buckskin
Smoky black

78
Q

2 doses (dilutions) produce _____, _____, and _____

A

Cremello
Perlino
Smoky Creams

79
Q

_____ causes pigment dilution

A

C gene

80
Q

_____ dilutes black, and does not change red

A

Silver (Z) gene

81
Q

_____ dun pattern and pigment dilution

A

Gene D

AVS 466 (6 decks)

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