Final Exam Flashcards by Har Benkula

True or False
A sweeney is a depression in muscle mass (usually at the shoulder) that may be from an injury to the nerves, lack of control, and/or atrophy.

True

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This type of event uses almost exclusively Standardbred horses:

a. cutting
b. harness racing
c. dressage
d. reining

b. harness racing

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There are _____ cervical vertebrae.

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There are _____ thoracic vertebrae.

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There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.

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There are _____ sacrum vertebrae.

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There are _____ caudal vertebrae.

15-22

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There are _____ ribs.

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4 wild horse types

Tarpan
Forest
Asiatic Wild
Tundra

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4-beat gait that is slow

Walk

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2-beat diagonal gait

Back

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2-beat diagonal gait, faster than a walk

Trot/Jog

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2-beat lateral gait, faster than a walk

Pace

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3-beat gait

Canter/ Lope

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4-beat gait

Gallop

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True or False

Bot fly larvae can damage the lining go the stomach, where they attach

True

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True or False

The toxin causing Tetanus is called Clostridium perfringen.

False, Clostridium tetani

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True or False

Rabies is transmitted from the blood of an infected wild animal to a horse

False, transmitted when saliva comes into contact with mucous membrane.

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True or False

Pinworms are more commonly found in younger horses.

True

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The most common blood feeding flying pest to a horse is:

a. mosquito
b. horse fly
c. stable fly
d. bot fly

c. stable fly

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____ bones in horse skeletal system.

205

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The first signs of domestication of the horse were discovered to be:

a. between 300 and 500 years ago
b. between 1,000 and 2,000 years ago
c. between 2,500 and 4,500 b.c.
d. between 6,000 and 8,000 b.c.

c. between 2,500 and 4,500 b.c.

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True or False

Hindgut fermentation in the horse takes place in the small intestine

False

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True or False
In a normal delivery, the feet will start to protrude from the vulva, one slightly ahead of the other, during stage 1 of parturition.

False

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True or False | On average, a horse consumes about 10-12 gallons of water a day.

True

True or False | The recommended particle size for ideal composting is 2 to 2 1/2 " in size

False

True or False | With fresh semen, a sample should contain a minimum of 200 million progressively motile sperm

False, 300 million progressively motile sperm

True or False | The innermost area of the ovary that contains the ova is called the cortex

True

True or False | For ventilation, it is recommended to have a minimum of 1' length of a ridge vent for every stall (horse) in a barn

True

True or False | The gestation length of a mare is normally 315 to 320 days

False, 310 - 365 days (~11 months)

True or False | If anaerobic conditions are present during composting, it will lead to unpleasant odors.

True

True or False | Fertilization occurs in the portion of the oviduct referred to as the isthmus.

False

True or False | Horses are unable to belch, vomit, and don't chew cud.

True

True or False | A normal estrous cycle length is an average of 31 days

False, 21 days

True or False When a horse increases speed from a canter to a fast gallop, type II fibers are primarily used for energy generation to contribute to muscle contractions.

True

When performing artificial insemination, it is recommended to first deposit semen on which day of estrus (heat)? a. 2nd day b. 4th day c. 1st day d. 3rd day

c. 1st day

Average fertilizer content on an as-is basis contains about 12lb N/ton, 9lb K2O/ton and how many lb P2O5/ton? a. 5 b. 9 c. 12 d. none

a. 5

A 1000# maintenance horse should consume about how many pounds of feed/day? a. 20-25# b. 5-10# c. 15-20# d. 10-15#

c. 15-20#

Flooring considerations do NOT include: a. a 12-14" soffit b. ease of cleaning c. availability & cost d. drainage

a. a 12-14" soffit

The rate of passage for feed in a horse is: a. 40 to 50 hours b. 65 to 75 hours c. 100 to 120 hours d. 95 to 105 hours

b. 65 to 75 hours

Examples of common bedding would not include: a. straw b. sand c. shavings d. pressure treated wood shavings

d. pressure treated wood shavings

How much manure does a horse produce per day? a. ~25 lbs b. ~10 lbs c. ~75 lbs d. ~50 lbs

d. ~50 lbs

The goal when considering composting, is to have the pile(s) sustain the internal temperature of 145 degrees for at least how long? a. 7 days b. 14 days c. 21 days d. 28 days

b. 14 days

When does ovulation occur? a. 0-12 hr. prior to end of heat b. 24-48 hr. after the end of heat c. 12-23 hr. prior to end of heat d. 24-48 hr. prior to end of heat

d. 24-48 hr. prior to end of heat

Which is NOT part of stage 2 parturition: a. Expulsion of the placenta b. Amnionic membrane protrudes c. Feet protrude from vulva d. Amnion ruptures

a. Expulsion of the placenta

Which include the one, two, or three rule for foals: a. should stand within 1 hour b. placenta should pass within 3 hrs c. should nurse within 2 hours d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The mare is unique in that it is anestrus during the winter and it is considered to be seasonally _____.

Polyestrus

The ratio of Ca:P in the diet ranges from 1:1 to _____.

2.5:1

The concave side of the ovary where ovulation occurs is called the _____.

Ovulation fossa

Never feed more than _____ BW/feeding.

0.75

It is recommended that a building housing horses have at least _____ air changes per hour.

4-8

Respiratory rate at a gallop is linked to _____, where a horse takes a breath for every step.

Stride

As a horse becomes more fit, stroke volume tends to _____ and heart rate at a particular speed tends to _____.

Increase | Decrease

What are 2 stages of the estrous cycle; diestrus, which is usually _____ days in length, and estrus, which is usually _____ days in length

14 | 6

Discuss 3 factors that influence the digestibility of nutrients in the digestive tract:

rate of passage level of maturity method of processing

Describe the signs of impending parturition:

relaxed vulva vocalization laying down/ getting up (restless)

Name 2 factors that influences the digestibility of the nutrients in the digestive tract:

Type | Frequency

Discuss one aspect of newborn foal care:

Iodine the Naval

Compare positive and negative aspects of Artificial Insemination vs. Natural mating:

``` AI = easier to transport AI = could be less viable AI = reduced risk, reduced infection ```

Discuss how nutritional requirements may change for a horse:

Needs differ with seasons, age, work load, performance level, lactation, and pregnancy

A _____ is a deviation in structure or function that interferes with the use and ability of a horse.

unsoundness

Identify which of the following is NOT an unsoundness or blemish in the hock area: a. thoroughpin b. curb c. ringbone d. bog spavin

c. ringbone - pastern

A condition where there is soft, fleshy swelling from an irritation or injury at the point of the elbow or hock: a. side elbow, ringed hock b. boot boil c. bucked elbow, bucked hock d. capped elbow, capped hock

d. capped elbow, capped hock

A flexion test, involving the distal forelimb, usually produces exacerbation of this lameness: a. navicular b. thoroughpin c. wind puff d. shoe boil

a. navicular

List one example of a horse breed with a unique gait (other than walk, trot, canter) and describe the gait:

Standardbred - pace - this is a 2 beat lateral gait that is faster than a walk LHLF (1) - suspension - RHRF (2)

Phenotype = _____ x _____

genotype | environment

Horses have _____ pairs of chromosomes

What are the 2 genes for emphasizing coat color?

Extension (E) | Agouti (A)

_____ controls the production of red and black pigment

Extension (E)

_____ controls the distribution of black pigment

Agouti (A)

What are the 5 modifying dilution genes?

``` Cream Champagne Dun Pearl Silver ```

What color foal would you get if you breed two red horses?

red

Could you determine by phenotypic examination (of coat color) whether a red horse had an (AA or Aa) or (aa)?

____ inability to form pigment in skin and hair, and is rarely encountered

W gene

____ exclusion of pigment from hair

G gene

A gray horse will be either _____ or _____

GG or Gg

Single dose dilutions produce _____, _____, and _____

Palomino Buckskin Smoky black

2 doses (dilutions) produce _____, _____, and _____

Cremello Perlino Smoky Creams

_____ causes pigment dilution

C gene

_____ dilutes black, and does not change red

Silver (Z) gene

_____ dun pattern and pigment dilution

Gene D

Final Exam Flashcards

(81 cards)