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AVS 466 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Highest horse population was in 1920 with _____ horses.

A

25+ million

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2
Q

What are the 4 major horse uses in the U.S.

A

Recreation (47%)
Farm/Ranch (25%
Breeding (8.5%)
Showing (8.1%)

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3
Q

What are the 4 major Jobs for people in the U.S horse industry?

A

Recreation (31%)
Racing (27%)
Showing (27%)
Other (15%)

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4
Q

How much revenue does the horse industry bring to the U.S.?

A

$39 billion revenue

$1.9 billion taxes

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5
Q

Racing, Showing, and recreation bring in $_____ each.

A

$10-12 billion

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6
Q

Approximately how many horses are in Idaho?

A

221,000 horses

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7
Q

_____% of horses in Idaho are used for pleasure, _____% are used for breeding, and _____% are used for ranch/farm work.

A

31
21
16

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8
Q 
Idaho horses are 
\_\_\_\_\_% Quarter horse 
\_\_\_\_\_% Paint
\_\_\_\_\_% Arabian
\_\_\_\_\_% Appaloosa
\_\_\_\_\_% Thoroughbred
A 
64
17
8
6
5
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9
Q

1st cloned equine

A

Mule Idaho Gem

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10
Q

Idaho state horse

A

Appaloosa

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11
Q

Types of horse enterprises

A 
Boarding stables
Pay-to-ride
Lessons
Training & Showing 
Racing 
Ranching 
Breeding farm, Stallion stations
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12
Q

What are the three basic types of horses?

A

Draft horses
Light horses
Ponies

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13
Q

All horses are _____

A

Equus caballus

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14
Q

Largest number if horses in the U.S. are _____

A

light horses

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15
Q

Light horses are used for _____

A

Riding
Showing
Racing
Ranch work

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16
Q

Light horses are usually _____ to _____ hands, and are _____ to _____ pounds.

A

13.2
17.2
850
1500

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17
Q

Draft horses are used for _____.

A

Field work
Pulling competitions
Show hitches

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18
Q

Draft horses are usually _____ to _____ hands, and are _____ to _____ pounds

A

15
18
1400
2500

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19
Q

Types of bones in the horse skeletal system and examples.

A

long- fear, humorous
short- pasture, canon
flat- ribs
irregular- vertebrae

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20
Q

Bones are held together by _____

A

Ligaments

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21
Q

Muscles are attached to bones by _____

A

Tendons

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22
Q

Joints are lubricated with _____

A

Synovial fluid

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23
Q

There are _____ cervical vertebrae.

A

7

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24
Q

There are _____ thoracic vertebrae.

A

18

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25
Q

There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.

A

6

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26
Q

There are _____ sacrum vertebrae.

A

5

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27
Q

There are _____ caudal vertebrae.

A

15-22

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28
Q

There are _____ ribs.

A

18

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29
Q

_____ tendons are along the front of the legs.

A

extensor

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30
Q

Explain Stay Apparatus

A

The flexor tendons only extend to a certain point, then the check ligaments take the load off the muscles.

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31
Q

The two examples of the Central Nervous system.

A

Spinal cord

Brain Stems

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32
Q

What are the basic patterns of locomotion?

A

Spinal reflexes

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33
Q

Specialized sensory organs

A

Ears
Eyes
Nose

34
Q

_____ curling go the upper lip in response to teasing, urine odor.

A

Flehman Response

35
Q

Field of vision ~ _____ with each eye

36
Q

Only area outside the field of view

A

directly behind the horse

37
Q

Field of vision is influenced by

A

Shape of head and jaw
Size of eyes
Position of head

38
Q

_____ is the ability to sweat

A

Thermoregulation

39
Q

_____ protects hair from overwetting & increase insulating ability, also adds luster

40
Q

4 wild horse types

A

Tarpan
Forest
Asiatic Wild
Tundra

41
Q

4-beat gait that is slow

42
Q

2-beat diagonal gait

43
Q

2-beat diagonal gait, faster than a walk

44
Q

2-beat lateral gait, faster than a walk

45
Q

3-beat gait

A

Canter/ Lope

46
Q

4-beat gait

47
Q

Difference between a fox trot and running walk

A

Fox trot- walking in front, trotting in back

Running walk- 4 beat gait with lateral sequence

48
Q

Conformation

A

Determines the ability to perform
Necessary for selection
Skeletal correctness necessary

49
Q

Conformation faults = _____

A

Unsoundness

50
Q

Good neck

A

long, arched, good angle

51
Q

Low-set neck

A

comes out of the front of the shoulders

52
Q

High-set neck

A

angles upward from shoulders

53
Q

Withers lower than the croup

A

mainly seen in young horses that are still growing

Fat can fill in withers

54
Q

Withers higher than the croup

A

structural problem - off balance

could be from age, muscle condition, hurt?

55
Q

Sickle-hocked

A

Too much slope

56
Q

Straight shoulder

A

Too upright

Will almost always be straight hipped

57
Q

Club-footed

A

Weak
Over-trimmed toe
Upright heels

58
Q

Coon-footed

A

Steep
Collapsed heels
Long toe

59
Q

Feet move forward inward ares - “winging”

A

Base wide winging

60
Q

Feet move inward in larger inward ares - “winging”

A

Splayed feet winging

61
Q

Feet move forward in outward ares - “paddling”

A

Base narrow paddling

62
Q

Feet move forward in wider outward ares - “paddling”

A

Pigeon toed paddling

63
Q

Toes in (pigeon-toed)

64
Q

Toes out (splayed-footed)

A

Winging in

65
Q

Base narrow

66
Q

Skeleton of the saddle

67
Q

Highest jump a horse has done

68
Q

Western saddle:
Light to moderate riding
Smaller horn

A

Pleasure/trail western saddle

69
Q

Western saddle:
Comfort saddle
Extended fender
Cantle - little higher (terrain)

A

Endurance western saddle

70
Q 
Western saddle:
For showing 
More ornate, silver 
Expensive 
Designed for not a lot of movement
A

Equitation western saddle

71
Q

Western saddle:
Requires balance
Flat seat - designed for movement with the horse

A

Reining western saddle

72
Q

Western saddle:
Lightweight
Steeper seat
Rounded Skirt - flexibility and movement to the hind quarters

A

Barrel Racing/ Gymkhana western saddle

73
Q

Western saddle:
Heavier
Thicker horn
Always has a back cinch

A

Roping western saddle

74
Q

Western saddle:
Tallest most upright horn
Rounded - thinner stirrup
Forward leg position

A

Cutting western saddle

75
Q

2 primary types of English Saddles

A

Hunt seat

Saddle seat

76
Q

3 types of Hunt “forward” seat

A

All purpose
Close contact
Dressage

77
Q

English saddle:
Most popular
Multiple use- Eventing, Equitation, Pleasure, Trail Riding

A

All purpose Hunt “forward” seat

78
Q

English saddle:
Primarily for Jumping
Allows for Close contact

A

Close Contact Hunt “forward” seat

79
Q

English saddle:
Deepest seat & straight, longer flap
Allows maximum side contact between horse and rider

A

Dressage Hunt “forward” seat

80
Q

English saddle:
Designed for riding on flat terrain
Flexibility for withers

A

Saddle Seat “flat” seat

AVS 466 (6 decks)

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