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6th Grade Final Exams > Final Exam 6th Science > Flashcards

Final Exam 6th Science Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms

A

are living things

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2
Q

environments

A

the different types of surroundings where organismis live

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3
Q

resources

A

are the different things an organism gets such as food, water, and shelter from its environment that it needs to live, grow, and reproduce

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4
Q

Habitat

A

the environment which provides the things a specific organsim needs to live, grow, and produce

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5
Q

biotic factors

A

the living parts of a habitat

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6
Q

examples of biotic factors

A

animals, trees and plancts

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7
Q

abiotic factors

A

the on-living parts of a habitat

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8
Q

examples of abiotic factors

A

water, space, rocks and light

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9
Q

Species

A

a group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce

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10
Q

population

A

all the members of one species living in a particular area

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11
Q

community

A

all the different populations that live together in an area make up a community

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12
Q

ecosystem

A

the community of organisms that lives in a particular area, along with the nonliving environment

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13
Q

Describe the flow of an ecosysem

A

organism to population to community to ecosystem

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14
Q

How does population grow

A

new individuals enter by being born into it. Population grows when more births than deaths

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15
Q

immigration

A

moving into a population

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16
Q

emigation

A

moving out of a population

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17
Q

formula for population density

A

number of individuals divided by unit area

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18
Q

If you have 800 beetles living in a park measuring 400 square meters what is the population density

A

800

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19
Q

What are the factors that limit population growth

A

Food and Water
Climate and Weather
Space and Shelter
Diseases

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20
Q

What is Carrying Capacity

A

the largest population that an area of food and water can support

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21
Q

What do plans rely on for energy

A

soil, water, and sun

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22
Q

What do animals rely on for energy

A

plans as well as other animals

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23
Q

Do living plants and animals need energy to survive

A

yes

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24
Q

what is a food chain

A

describes how different organisms eat each other, starting out with a plant and ending with an anmial

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25
Q

producers

A

an organism that can make its own food (photosynthesis) such as plants

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26
Q

consumers

A

an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms (plant or animal) such as animals

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27
Q

primary consumers

A

animals that eat plants, also called herbivores

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28
Q

secondary consumers

A

animals that eat other animals also called carnivores

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29
Q

omnivores

A

animals that eat both plants and animals

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30
Q

tertiary consumer

A

a carnivore that eats another carnivore

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31
Q

decomposers

A

they eat decaying matter (like dead plants and animals) by breakig them down. They help put nutrients back into the soil for plants to eat

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32
Q

what are examples of decomposers

A

worms, bacteria, fungi

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33
Q

What are the links to the food chain called

A

producers, consumers and decomposers

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34
Q

All energy in a food chain comes from who

A

the producers (plants) that convert sunlight into energy (photosynthesis)

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35
Q

Do higher links in a food chain rely on lower links

A

yes, even though llions don’t eat grass, they wouldn’t last long if there wasn’t any grass for zebras to eat

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36
Q

What is a food web

A

in any ecosystem theare are many food chains and generally most plants and animals are part of several chains. When you raw all the chains together you end up with a food web.

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37
Q

What are the trophic levels

A

a way some scientists describe each level in a food web. There are five levels.

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38
Q

What are the 5 trophic levels

A

level 1 producers
level 2 primary consumers
level 3 secondary consumers
level 4 tertiary consumers
level 5 apex predators

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39
Q

what are apex predators

A

top of the food chain, nothing eats these animals

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40
Q

what is an energy pyramid

A

an energy pyramid is a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feedling level to another in a food web

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41
Q

niche

A

the role of an organsim in its habitat. This includes how an organism obtains its food, the type of food an organism eats, and what other organisms eats it.

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42
Q

what is competition

A

the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources in the same place at the same time

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43
Q

what is predation

A

an interaction in which one organism kills another organism for food

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44
Q

does predation affect population size

A

yes

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45
Q

symbiosis

A

any relationship in which two species live closely together and benefits at least one of the species

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46
Q

what are the three types of symbiotic relationships

A

commensalism, mutualism and parasitism

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47
Q

commensalism

A

one speccies benefits and the other is netiehr helped nor harmed such as a bird building a nest and the tree is unharmed

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48
Q

mutualism

A

two species benefit from each other such as oxpecker birds and zebras

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49
Q

parasitism

A

one species benefits and the other is harmed, such as dogs and fleas

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50
Q

in parasitism what is the parasite

A

the organism that benefits is called the parasite

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51
Q

in parasitism what is the host

A

the organism that is harmed is called the host

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52
Q

biodiversity

A

the number and variety of different species in an area.

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53
Q

as more resources increase what happens to biodiversity

A

biodiversity increases

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54
Q

what are examples of economic and ecological value of biodiversity

A

food, fuel, medicine

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55
Q

resources consumed from an ecosystem provide a direct or indirect value?

A

direct value

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56
Q

what are examples of how humans destroy the ecosystem

A

build homes, factories and farms, use pesticides and fertilizer, pollute rivers, lakes and oceans and we introduce species from other places

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57
Q

what are indirect values

A

resources in ecosystems that are used but not consumed such as shade trees that reduce utility bills and provide wind protection or wetlands that reduce soil erosion and control flooding

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58
Q

what are keystone species

A

this species influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem such as an african elephant or beaver

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59
Q

niche diversity

A

the niches of different populations within an ecosystem interact with one

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60
Q

genetic diversity

A

the greater the genetic diversity, the more likely a species can adapt and survive.

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61
Q

endangered species

A

animals at risk of becoming extinct

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62
Q

why do animals become extinct

A

natural forces
human interaction
hunting
pollution
loss of haitat
introduced species

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63
Q

what is the Endangered Species Act

A

a U.S. law that protects animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct

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64
Q

what percent of species are now extinct

A

90 percent

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65
Q

Invasive species

A

species that is not native to a habitat and can out-compete native species in an ecosystem such as python snakes in the florida everglades

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66
Q

cell

A

the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

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67
Q

unicellular

A

1 celled

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68
Q

multicellular

A

may celled

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69
Q

What are some similaries of all organisms

A

they all contain similar chemcials and use energy
they all respond to their environment
the all grow, develop and reproduce

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70
Q

how do cells get energy

A

within cells chemical reactions breakdown materials to get energy

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71
Q

response to the environment, what is stimulus

A

a signal

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72
Q

response to the environment, what is response

A

a reaction

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73
Q

what does growth mean

A

to get bigger

74
Q

what does development mean

A

a change that leads to maturity

75
Q

as orgnsims grow and develop what do they use

A

energy

76
Q

asexual reproduction

A

intical offspring, only one parent

77
Q

sexual reproduction

A

tw parents combine their DNA to create offspring

78
Q

spontaneous generation

A

the idea that living things came from nonliving things, but this has been disproved, life can only come from other life

79
Q

what 4 things do all living things need

A

food
water
space
homeostatis or internal balance

80
Q

taxonomy

A

the science of classifying organsims

81
Q

name the taxonomies

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family , genus, species

82
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

the scientific name is always the genus and species for example humans is HOMOsapiens

83
Q

rules of nomenclature

A

names must be either underlined or italicized
genus capticalied, species is lowercase
can be abbreviated such as F. leo

84
Q

what are the three groups of domans

A

domain Eukarya, domain Bacteria and domain Archaea

85
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

includes organisms composed of eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, funi, protists)

86
Q

Domain Bacteria

A

includes all prokarytoci cells, Kingdom Eubacteria

87
Q

Domain Archaea

A

includes only “ancient” bacteria, Archaebacteria

88
Q

what 4 things make up a plant structure

A

leaf, stem, roots, cell walls

89
Q

leaf

A

the leaf is an organ of a plant that is specialize for photozynthesis

90
Q

stem

A

the stem is the main structure that supports leaves and flowers

91
Q

roots

A

the roots of a plant grow underground

92
Q

cell walls

A

plants have thick cell walls to provide support and structure

93
Q

vascular plant

A

these plants have specific tissue that help to move materials such as water through the plants

94
Q

phloem vascular tisue plant

A

food travels through the phloem

95
Q

xylem vasular tissue plant

A

water and minerals travel through the xylem

96
Q

nonvascular plant

A

these are low growing smaller plants, such as mosses, that use diffusion and osmosis to move material through the plant

97
Q

Kingdom Animalia (animal) characteristics

A

multicellular, Eukaryote
nutrition:; Heterotrophic
movement: most can move
no cell walls, they have cell membranes
classified based on wehter or not they have backbone

98
Q

what percentage of animals do not have a backbone

A

95 percent

99
Q

what percentage of animals do have a backbone

A

5 percent

100
Q

vertebrates

A

animals with a backbone

101
Q

invertabrates

A

animals without a backbone

102
Q

what are the 6 main groups of invertebrates

A

spones
cnidarians
worms
mollusks
arthropods
echinoderms

103
Q

descibe sponges

A

they are asymmetrical invertebrates
they have spcialized cells but no tissues or organs

104
Q

describe cnidarians

A

invertebrates that have stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity
have radial symetry
although they lack organs, they do have some tissues
examples are jellyfish and corals

105
Q

describe worms

A

all worms have bilateral symmetry
they all have tissues, organs, and organ systems
three major phyla of worms are flatworms, roundworms and segmented worms (simplest animals with a brain)

106
Q

describe mollusks

A

invertibrates with soft, un-segmented boies that rae often protected by a hard shell
all have a thin layers of tissue called a mantle that covers their internal organs and an organ called a foot

107
Q

what are three major groups of mollusks

A

gastrodpods (snails)
bivalves (clam)
cephlapods (squid)

108
Q

in Mollusks what is a foot used for

A

crawling, digging and catching prey

109
Q

describe arthropods

A

invertebrates that have hard outer coverings, segmented bodies, and paris of jointed appendages
the out covering is called an exoskeleton
they are the largest phylum in the animal kindome (insects)

110
Q

describe echinoderms

A

an invertebrate that has an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton
echinoderms have radial symmetry
has a system of fluid-filld tubes to move and obtain food and oxygen (starfish, urchins)

111
Q

what are 5 major animal groups that have vertebrates

A

fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal

112
Q

describe fish

A

their temperature is determined by the temperature of its environment
lives in water and has fins
most are ecotherms - they have scales and obtain oxygen through gills

113
Q

true or false fish make up the largest part of vertebrates

A

TRUE

114
Q

describe amphibians

A

vertebrate whose body temperature is determined by the temperature of its environment
lives its early life in water and its adult life on land
are ectothermic and examples are frogs, toads

115
Q

what does the word amphibians literally mean

A

double life

116
Q

describe reptile

A

a vertebrate whoe temperature is determined by the temperature of tis environment
has lungs and scaly skin
lays eggs on land
some live in water but breathe air examles are snakes, turtles, allegators

117
Q

describe bird

A

vertebrate whose body temperature is regulated by its internal heat
lays eggs
has feathers and a four chambered heart
have wings and are lightweight, nearly hollow bones and are adopted to flight

118
Q

describe mammal

A

vertebrate whose body temperature is regulated by its internal heat
has skin covered with ahir or fur
glands that produce milk to feed young
examples are humans, dogs, horses

119
Q

Monotremes Mammal

A

lays eggs example platypus

120
Q

Marsupial mammals

A

born at an early stage of development, and usually continue to develop in a pouch (kangaroo)

121
Q

Plaental mammals

A

develops inside its mother’s body until tis body systems can function independently (humans)

122
Q

ectotherm

A

an animal whose body temperature is determined by the temperature of its environment

123
Q

endotherm

A

an animal whose body temperature is regulated by the internal heat the animal produces, producing fairly constant temperatures.

124
Q

What are 5 adaptations for movement

A

Wings
fins
fube feet
muscular foot
jet propulsion

125
Q

what is radial symmetry

A

a body plan in which any number of imaginary lines pass through a central point divide the animal into two missor images (starfish)

126
Q

what is bilateral symmetry

A

a single imaginary line divides the body ito left and riht sides that are mirror images of each other (butterfly)

127
Q

what is asymmetrical symmetry

A

animals without any symmerty (sponge)

128
Q

organs

A

a structure composed of different kinds of tisues that work together

129
Q

tissue

A

groups of similar cells that perform a specific function

130
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform a function

131
Q

What is an organism comprised of

A

cells to tissues to organs to organ system to organism

132
Q

Skeletal system

A

made up of bones, ligaments, and tendons
it supports the overall structure of the body and protects the organs

133
Q

muscular system

A

works closely with the skeletal system
muscles help the obdy to move and interact with the world

134
Q

ciculatory system

A

helps deliver nutrients throughout the body
consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels

135
Q

digestive system

A

used to convert food into nutrients and energy for the body
some of the organs included are stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas

136
Q

nervous system

A

helps the body to communicate and allows the brain to control various functions of the body
includes the brain, spinal courd and large network of nerves

137
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into the body through the lunds and windpipe
it also removes cabron dioxide from the body

138
Q

Endocrine system

A

produces hormones that help regulate the other sytems in the body
it includes the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid and pituitary

139
Q

urinary system

A

uses the kidneys to filer the blood and eliminate waste
it includes the kidneys, bladder and urethra

140
Q

immune system

A

protects the body from diseases

141
Q

reproductive system

A

includes the organs that enable people to have babies. This system is different for males and females

142
Q

integumentary system

A

helps protect the body from the outside world.
Includes skin, hair and nails

143
Q

how does your body control body functions

A

the nervous system controls the body in 2 ways: electrical signals from nerves and chemcila signals from the endocrine system

144
Q

how does the body transport materials

A

blood vessles from the circulatory system carry nutrients to and waste from the cells in the body

145
Q

how does the body handle stimulus and response

A

your sense (eyes, ears, skinn, and nose and state buds all send information about your environment to your nervous system

146
Q

what is stimulus

A

any detectable change in the environment

147
Q

what is a response

A

an action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus

148
Q

what are glands

A

an organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the bloodstream

149
Q

what are hormones

A

a chemical that affects growth and development

150
Q

homeostasis

A

the condition in which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment

151
Q

what is stress

A

the reaction of a person’s body to potentially threatening, challenging or disturbing events

152
Q

what are negative outcomes of stress

A

lead to depression, headaches, digestion problems, heart problems
can disrupts homeostasis and weaken ability to fight disease

153
Q

How can you maintain homeostasis

A

regulate temperature
keeping balance
meeting energy needs
mainatining water blanance
managing stress

154
Q

What are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system

A

provides shape and support
enables you to move
protects your lungs
produces blood cells
stores minerals

155
Q

what are tendons

A

part of skeletal system they connect muscles to bones

156
Q

what are ligaments

A

part of skeletal system they connect bones to bones

157
Q

what is cartilage

A

a strong flexible connective tisue that is found in various parts fo the body, including the joints, the outer ear and the tip of your noce

158
Q

immovable joints

A

connect bones but allow little or no movement (skull)

159
Q

moveable joints

A

allow the body to make many different movements (elbow)

160
Q

ball and socket joint

A

allows the greatest range of motion (shouler or hip)

161
Q

pivot joint

A

allows one bone to rotate around another base (neck)

162
Q

hinge joint

A

allow forward or backward motion (elbow)

163
Q

gliding joint

A

allows onebone to slide over another (ankle, wrist)

164
Q

long bone

A

long thin shape

165
Q

short bone

A

has a squat cubed shape

166
Q

flat bone

A

has a flattened, broad surface

167
Q

irregular bone

A

has a shape that does not conform to regular bones

168
Q

what are characteristics of bones

A

they are complex living structures that grow, develop, and repair themselves. They are strong and lightweight.

169
Q

Compact bone

A

hard and dense

170
Q

spongy bone

A

lightwieght, full of small spaces that contain marrow (soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bones)

171
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

made up of mostly fat cells

172
Q

red bone marrow

A

important because this is where our body produces red and white blood cells

173
Q

How many muscles are in the human body

A

there are over 650 muscles

174
Q

where are muscles located

A

they are under our skin and cover our bones

175
Q

skeletal muscles

A

these are muscles we use to move around. They cover our skeleton and move our bones. The muscles are voluntary ( we control them directly with signals from our brain).

176
Q

smooth muscles

A

muscles that don’t conect to bones but control organs ithin out body. These are involuntary (they work without us thinking about them)

177
Q

cardiac muscle

A

this is a special muscle that pumps our heart and blood through our body and it is involuntary

178
Q

how do muscles work

A

muscles work by contracting and relaxing

179
Q

Be able to identify these muscles on the human body

A

sternocleidomastoides
deltoids
pectorals
intercostals
biceps
triceps
latissimus dorsi
quadriceps
hamstrings
gastrocnemius

180
Q

Be able to identify these bones on the humand body

A

Cranium
Maxilla
Mandible
clavicle
scapula
ribs
sternum
humerus
vertebrae
pelvis
ulna
radius
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges (hand)
femur
patella
fibula
tibia
Tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges (feet)

6th Grade Final Exams (3 decks)

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