Final Exam

Question 1

Two dominant threads of Leviticus

Answer 1

• Goal of holiness for Israel
• Need for forgiveness

(The book explains what is demanded of Israel as a holy or devoted nation)

Question 2

Holiness

Answer 2

Best understood as consecration or devotion, not moral purity or transcendence

Question 3

Structure of Leviticus

Answer 3

• Laws concerning sacrifice (1-7)
• Institution of the Priesthood (8-10)
• Laws of clean and unclean (11-15)
• Day of Atonement (16)
• Holiness code (17-26)
• Laws concerning dedications (27)

Question 4

Divine institution of sacrifice

Answer 4

Clearly given within the framework of the covenant given in Exodus. Not a means why which God can be approached, but a way to maintain and repair covenant relationship.

Question 5

Leviticus sin classifications:

Answer 5

Unpremeditated (“unwitting”)

Premeditated (“with a high hand”)

Question 6

The order of the sacrifices

Answer 6

Different in different passages, but includes:

• burnt
• cereal
• sin
• guilt
• peace

Question 7

Burnt offering

Answer 7

-By itself effects atonement (although perhaps in a more general sense than sin and guilt or propitiatory offerings)
-Also witnesses to the worshipper’s faith and commitment
(Totally consumed on the altar)

Question 8

Cereal offering

Answer 8

• Normally accompanied the burnt offerings, but could be alone
• Since the term used to describe the cereal offering is “tribute,” it has been suggested that this offering exemplifies the master/servant relationship in which the covenant had placed Israel

Question 9

Peace offering

Answer 9

• Shared between worshipper and priests

- Only kidneys and the fat covering the liver were burned on the altar

Question 10

Levitical Priesthood

Answer 10

• The role of priesthood and the progressive degree of approach to divine presence points to the distinction that Israel was supposed to maintain between the sacred and the profane
• Often argued that the Levitical specialization was a gradual development
• The distinction between priests and Levites was probably an original and basic one

Question 11

“Cleanness”

Answer 11

Recent studies suggest that “cleanness” was a broad term, referring to what we would label as normal or acceptable

Question 12

Day of Atonement

Answer 12

• perhaps the most significant day in the national calendar, the day on which the national sins were symbolically atoned for by cleansing the sanctuary
• “To atone” translated as “to propitiate” in the Septuagint; this is important because it is the same language as the NT uses for Christ’s death
• purging and propitiating

Question 13

Leviticus 19

Answer 13

-All of the commands come from the Decalogue
-All of the commands are grounded in 19:2, “Be holy for I am holy”
-Complete devotion to Yahweh means:
(1) identifying with his ethics and morality
(2) sharing his concern for the broken in the community
(NT makes it clear that Christ has already devoted us to himself, showing the two points above)

Question 14

Leviticus 18:5

Answer 14

Does not support salvation through legalism; it only refers to obedience within the covenant relationship

Question 15

Numbers’ structure

Answer 15

• Israel at Sinai: Legislation for the ideal Israel
• Rebellion in the Wilderness
• In the plains of Moab
• Balaam
• Preparations for the entry into Canaan

Question 16

Numbers

Answer 16

What happens when Israel doesn’t live like a devoted nation

-discipline, self-control, and divine national regulation

Question 17

Numbers’ Conclusion

Answer 17

So far, the book of Numbers implores us to ask about our faithfulness. So given that we are under the New Covenant, how is our faithfulness and obedience? We will see that the NT holds out the same command to enter into God’s rest. Believers must persevere.

Question 18

Psalm 95

Answer 18

• David reflecting on God’s greatness
• warning not to harden hearts
• refers to when Moses struck the rock for water and Yahweh’s oath that none will enter the Promised Land (it was the culmination of Israel’s stubbornness that caused them not to enter)

Question 19

Hebrews 4

Answer 19

• typological fulfillment of Psalm 95
• connects the rest of the promised land with God’s rest on the 7th day of creation
• Motive to remain faithful: eternal rest with God is at stake
• warning not to fall into the same type of disobedience as the Israelites

Question 20

Plains of Moab

Answer 20

• Balaam oracles: reference to human king in fulfillment of Abrahamic promise
• God’s establishment of his kingdom through covenant is found even in the wilderness wandering

Question 21

Two sides of Numbers

Answer 21

1. Somber side of judgment
2. Sharp contrast between profane and sacred

(If Israel wants to enjoy the blessing of the Promised Land, then they need to fully devote themselves to God)

Question 22

Two conclusions from Numbers

Answer 22

1. Jesus in the desert = wilderness wandering. He is obedient, Israel is disobedient. If we are trusting in Christ today, we pass the test and have entered the rest of God.
2. Yet, we must make every effort to enter into the rest , lest we fall like the Israelites.

Question 23

Deuteronomy

Answer 23

• Three mosaic speeches written in covenant form

- Covenant renewal of the covenant at Sinai, but also an addition to it

Question 24

Deuteronomy preamble

Answer 24

• Identifies Deuteronomy as a covenant from the 15th-14th centuries
• gracious Suzerain-Vassal covenant patterned after the Hittite treaties

Question 25

Historical Prologue

Answer 25

Summarized the previous relationship between the suzerain and the vassal in order to cause the vassal to have gratitude and exclusive loyalty toward the suzerain

• Often times the prologue would recount the benevolence and favor
• Yahweh’s grace is shown throughout; Israel’s rebellion and disobedience

Question 26

Deuteronomy 4

Answer 26

I. Exhortation to be loyal to Yahweh
-Blessings for obedience (entrance into the land, they saw God’s judgment at Beth Peor and lived, and the Torah is a gift)
-Take care lest you forget
-Consequences for forgetting, and promise for restoration
II. The Incomparable Yahweh
-Yahweh is faithful
-God loved the fathers

Question 27

General Stipulation

Answer 27

Theme: covenant loyalty to Yahweh expressed through exclusive worship (10 commandments)

Question 28

Specific stipulations

Answer 28

Detail the obligations of the vassal to the king; loyalty would be measured by obedience

• Authority (No other gods, honor your parents)
• Relational holiness (name in vain; murder, adultery, stealing, false witness)
• Rights and privileges (Keep the Sabbath, coveting)

Question 29

Mosaic Speeches

Answer 29

1. Historical Prologue
2. General Stipulation, Specific Stipulation
3. Document Clause, Appeal to witnesses, blessings and curses

Question 30

Document clause

Answer 30

Specifies that the treaty document be placed in the temple and read publicly

• also instructions to build an altar and rejoice
• in Deuteronomy, no specific instruction to place in temple (no temple yet) or read aloud (but Joshua did read it to the people)

Question 31

Appeal to Witnesses

Answer 31

Strictly covenant enforcement

-Here, God is the enforcer

Question 32

Shema

Answer 32

• First command given after the material repeated from Exodus
• Foundation to all requirements of the covenant
• Heart: feelings (joyful, glad), reasoning, will; makes plans and decisions