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Anatomy and Physiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body

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2
Q

Frontal plane

A

Front from back

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3
Q

Median plane

A

Side from side

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4
Q

Transverse plane

A

Top from bottom

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5
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Brain

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6
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Spinal chord

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7
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Cranial and vertebral cavity

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8
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Heart and lungs

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9
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains digestive viscera

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10
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

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11
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Abdominal, pelvic and thoracic cavity

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12
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Lungs

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13
Q

Pericardium cavity

A

Heart

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14
Q

Visceral

A

Attached to organ

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15
Q

Parietal

A

Attached to cavity

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16
Q

Peritoneum

A

Abdominal stuff

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17
Q

RUQ

A

Liver, gallbladder

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18
Q

LUQ

A

Stomach, spleen

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19
Q

RLQ

A

Cecum, appendix, R ureter, R ovary, R spermatic chord

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20
Q

LLQ

A

L ureter, L ovary, L spermatic chord

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21
Q

9 abdominal regions

A

R L hypochondriac, Epigastric
R L lumbar, umbilical
R L Iliac, Hypogastric

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22
Q

Epigastric

A

L liver lobe

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23
Q

R hypochondriac

A

R liver lobe

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24
Q

L hypochondriac

A

Spleen

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25
Q

Umbilical

A

Small intestine, transverse colon

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26
Q

R lumbar

A

Ascending colon

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27
Q

L lumbar

A

Descending colon

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28
Q

Hypogastric

A

Bladder, appendix

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29
Q

R iliac

A

Cecum, appendix

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30
Q

L iliac

A

Sigmoid colon

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31
Q

Other cavities

A

Nasal, oral, middle ear, orbital, synovial

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32
Q

Integumentary

A

Skin hair nails - external body covering, synthesizes vitamin D, regulates temp, excretes salt and urea

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33
Q

Skeletal

A

Bones and joints - protects and supports body, bones are the site for blood cell formation

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34
Q

Muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles - allows locomotion, facial expression, produces heat

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35
Q

Nervous

A

Spinal chord, nerves, brain, sensory receptors - body control system

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36
Q

Endocrine

A

Adrenal, thyroid, pineal and pituitary glands and pancreas, thymus, ovary, testies - secretes hormones

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37
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Heart and blood vessels - transports and pumps blood

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38
Q

Lymphatic

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, red bone marrow - keeps body healthy and houses white blood cells

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39
Q

Respiratory

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs - keeps body supplies with oxygen and maintains acid base balance

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40
Q

Digestive

A

Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, intestines, rectus - breaks food down for nutrients, removes undigestible materials in form of feces

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41
Q

Urinary

A

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra - eliminates nitrogenous waste from body

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42
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center

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43
Q

Ribosome

A

Protein factories

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44
Q

ER

A

Tubes and sacs continuous with nuclear envelope

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45
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, packages and emits protiens

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46
Q

Lysosomes

A

Suicide sac

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47
Q

Peroxisome

A

Detox sac

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48
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse, energized atp

49
Q

Centrioles

A

Direct mitotic spindles

50
Q

Cytoskeleton elements

A

Internal scaffolding

51
Q

Inclusions

A

Substance not part of metabolic machinery

52
Q

Passive transport

A

High to low, no energy required

53
Q

Active transports

A

Low to high, energy required

54
Q

Diffusion

A

All cells, due to random movement of partials, concentration gradient

55
Q

Filtration

A

only across capillary walls, pressure gradient

56
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of h2o, h2o follows solute

57
Q

Cell cycle

A

Interphase (g1, s, g2) to prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

58
Q

Endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis - drinking, phagocytosis - eating, receptor mediated endocytosis - selective for cholesterol and iron

59
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Protection, temp regulation, sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion

60
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Most abundant and produce keratin

61
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produces melanin

62
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Epidermal dendritic cells

63
Q

Merkel cells

A

Touch receptors

64
Q

Skin cells

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells

65
Q

Accessory skin organs

A

Hair, nails, cutaneous gland

66
Q

Sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine

67
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce sebum, which moisturizers hair

68
Q

Compact

A

Smooth throughout aka lamellar bone

69
Q

Spongy bone

A

Small trabeculae with lots of open space

70
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection

71
Q

Trochanter

A

Large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

72
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection

73
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, slender, pointed projection

74
Q

Process

A

Any bony prominence

75
Q

Facet

A

Smooth, flat articular surface

76
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articular projection

77
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression in bone

78
Q

Foramen

A

Round or oval opening through bone

79
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone absorbing

80
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone secreting

81
Q

Cervical column

A

C 1-7

82
Q

Thoracic column

A

T 1-12

83
Q

Lumbar column

A

L 1-5

84
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curve

85
Q

Kyphosis

A

Excess thoracic curve

86
Q

Lordosis

A

Excess lumbar curve

87
Q

Fibrosis

A

Suture (skull), syndesmosis (tibia + fibula), gomphosis (teeth)
United by collagenic fibers

88
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Synchodrosis (first rib + sternum), symphesis (vertebrae)

United by cartilage

89
Q

Synovial

A

Plane (tarsal bones), condyle (radius + carpal bones), ball and socket (hip), pivot (c1+c2), hinge (elbow), saddle (carpal + 1st metacarpal bone)
Covered with articular cartilage

90
Q

Joint movements

A

Flexion, extension, hypertension, hyperflexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, lateral and medial rotation, inversion, eversion, supination, pronation

91
Q

Sprain v strain

A

Sprain - excess stretch or tear of ligament

Strain - muscle problem

92
Q

Recruitment

A

Increase in number of sacromeres firing that produces an increase in muscle force

93
Q

Isometric

A

Fixed length contraction, regardless of the amount of force generatesd

94
Q

Isotonic

A

Changing length contraction with the same amount of force applied

95
Q

Astrocytes

A

Most abundant, skeleton, connect to nutrient supply, control chem environment, help development and synapse formation

96
Q

Microglial cell

A

Checks health and turns into phagocytes

97
Q

Ependymal cell

A

Permable membrane between cerebrospinal fluid and CNS extracellular fluid

98
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Provides myelin sheaths in CNS

99
Q

Schwann cells

A

Form myelin sheath

100
Q

Grey matter of CNS

A

Nuclei

101
Q

Grey matter in PNS

A

Ganglia

102
Q

Axons in CNS

A

Tracts

103
Q

Axons in PNS

A

Nerves

104
Q

Neurons receiving information from sensory organs and transmitting it to CNS

A

Afferent

105
Q

Neurons sending impulses from CNS to PNS

A

Efferent

106
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

L3 and L5

107
Q

Paraplegia

A

Thoracic or below

108
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Cervical

109
Q

Phrenic nerve plexus

A

Cervical

110
Q

Axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, medial, ulnar plexus

A

Brachial

111
Q

Obturator, femoral, saphenous plexus

A

Lumbar

112
Q

Common fibulae, tibial, sciatic, sural plexus

A

Sacral

113
Q

Paraplegia

A

Thoracic or below

114
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Cervical

115
Q

Phrenic nerve plexus

A

Cervical

116
Q

Axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, medial, ulnar plexus

A

Brachial

117
Q

Obturator, femoral, saphenous plexus

A

Lumbar

118
Q

Common fibulae, tibial, sciatic, sural plexus

A

Sacral

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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