Final Exam Flashcards
Erikson’s Stage of Development
Stages 1-4 - determined by mentors and model
Stages 5-8 - Control over environment
Stage 1 (0-1)
Basic strength
Crisis vs conflict
People cannot meet their needs or make them known
Caregiver must meet and understand the needs
Stage 2 (1-3)
Children exercise some amount of choice
Stage of growing independence
Differences between cultures
French way of discipline vs American way
Stage 3 (3-5)
Children take initiative to participate
Parental punishment can cause guilt in child
Stage 4 (6-11)
Major growth in neurons
Great amount of plasticity in brain
Cognitive abilities allow for task completion
No support from mentors causes feelings of inferiority
Stage 5 (12-18)
Forming of self-image and creating of self-identity
Confidence vs Identity crisis
Stage 6 (18-35)
Productiveness
Establishment of intimate relationships
Without this it causes social isolation
Stage 7 (35-55, 40-65)
Wanting to teach others
No outlet for this can cause emotional and physical sickness
Stage 8 (55+)
Evaluation of entire life
Liking or not liking how your life went
Five crucial virtues in Erikson’s Theory
Trust Identity Generativity Maturity Ethnic Identity
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Anything
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Morality Development
Preconventional - consequences monitor behaviour
Conventional - conforming to society
Postconventional - governed by one’s thoughts
Three Types of Needs
Need for…
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Power
Tasks and Arousal
Difficult Tasks - Low arousal
Easy Tasks - High arousal
Carol Dweck’s Self-Theory of Motivation
Self-development
Achievement
Experimentation
Need for achievement is linked to sense of self/control one feels they have over their lives
Intelligence - can be viewed as fixed or changable
Incentive
Do something for reward
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physical Needs Safety Needs Love Needs Esteem Needs Thinking Needs Beauty Needs Self-actualization Needs Teaching Needs
Three universal needs
CAR
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
Psychoactive Drugs
Alter thinking, perception and memory
Dependence types - physical and psychological
Physical Dependence
Body needs drug to function
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Negative reinforcement
Psychological Dependence
Continuation of emotional well-being
No physical withdrawal
Positive reinforcement
4 Types of Drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
Narcotics
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
Increase function of nervous system Amphetamines Cocaine Nicotine Caffeine
Depressants
Decrease function of nervous system Tranquilizers Barbiturates (Sedatives) Benzodiazepines Alcohol
Narcotics
Painkillers Opium Morphine Heroin - from morphine Methadone - from opium
Hallucinogens
Cause hallucinations Alter perceptions Sensory distortions LSD PCP MDMA Mescaline Psilocybin Marijuana
Two types of stressors
Eustress and Distress
Eustress
Good stress
Meant to happen
Example - jumping on a floor
Distress
Bad stress
Not meant to happen
Example - backhoe to the floor
3 ways to deal with stress
Exercise
Sleep
Healthy Eating
3 main types of stressors
Renovations
Moving
Life Changes
3 Types of Conflict
Approach-Approach
Avoidance-Avoidance
Approach-Avoidance
Approach-Approach Conflict
Two choices
Want both choices
win-win
Avoidance-Avoidance
Two choices
Avoid both
Between a rock and a hard place
Lose-lose
Approach-Avoidance
Marriage as example
Togetherness and disagreements
Pros vs cons
win-lose
DHEA
Anti-stress hormone
When constant chronic stress, it stops working
Longer/deeper stress goes - harder to come out of stress
Stress is supposed to be short-term
Four Main Perspectives in Personality Study
Psychoanalytic
Behaviourist
Humanist
Trait Theorists
Three Parts of Mind
Preconscious
Conscious
Unconscious
Preconscious
Memories
Info people can become aware of
Conscious
Awareness of surroundings and perceptions
Unconscious
Hidden part of mind
Shows through symbols in dreams and behaviours without knowing
Freudian Theory - 3 components
Id
Ego
Superego
Id
Libido
Pleasure principle - immediate satisfaction, doesn’t care about consequences
Completely unconscious
Ego
Deals with reality
Reality principle - satisfies Id demands when no negative consequences are present
Superego
Moral center
Conscience
Learning the difference between right and wrong
2 components of self-concept
Real self
Ideal self
Self-concept
Sense of not being judged by anyone
Countercurrent of humanity
Unconditional positive regard
OCEAN
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Openness
Willing to try new things
Conscientiousness
Thoughtful, organized, dependable
Extraversion
Extraverts - Outgoing, Sociable
Introverts - Solitude
Agreeableness
Easygoing
Friendly
Likeable
Neuroticism
Emotional instability/stability
Worriers
Over anxiousness
Moody
3 Main Personality Tests
NEO-PI - Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory
MMPI-2 (-RF) - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MBTI - Myers Briggs Type Indicator
The unethical parts of Milgram Experiment
Deception
Protection of Participants
Right to Withdrawal
Rosenhaan Experiment
Pseudopatients - went into asylums and acted as if they had a psychiatric disorder
Medication called Lurasidone/Latuda
Treats chronic depression, bipolar, schizophrenia
blocks D2, activate D1, D3, D4
Medication Lamictal
Anti-convulsant
Treats epilepsy, manic state of bipolar
Two types of therapy
Biomedical, psychotherapy
Biomedical Therapy
3 main types
Drug Therapy
Psycho-surgery
Electro-convulsive therapy
Drug Therapy
Lithium
Antidepressants
Antianxiety drugs
Antipsychotic drugs
Psycho-surgery
Lobotomy
Electro-convulsive Therapy
Brief shocks administered to brain
Psychotherapy
4 types
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic
Behavioural
Cognitive
Psychoanalysis
Insight therapy
looks at unconscious source of issues
Humanistic
Insight therapy
Client-centered therapy
Behavioural
Action therapy
Classical and operant conditioning
Counterconditioning
Systematic desensitization
Cognitive
Action therapy
Maladaptive thinking becomes adaptive thinking
Rational-emotive therapy
Ellis’ ABC Model
Ellis’ ABC Model
A - activating event B - belief about event C - emotional consequence A does not cause C B causes C Can be seen as confrontational
5 Stages of Schizophrenia
Disorganized Catatonic Paranoia Differentiated Residual
Disorganized State of Schizophrenia
Disorganized speech, and behaviour, or inappropriate emotion
Catatonic State of Schizophrenia
Extreme movement symptoms - from excessive motor activity to posturing (immobility)
Paranoid State of Schizophrenia
Organized cognition and emotion, hallucinations and delusions are present and are concerned with persecution
Undifferentiated State of Schizophrenia
Symptoms fit one or more of Paranoid, Catatonic, and Disorganized states, or none of them
Residual State of Schizophrenia
After a schizophrenic episode, only negative symptoms are present
