Final Exam

Question 1

which of the following statements of human development are true?

Answer 1

after drawing conclusions in a study, a researcher must develop new theories.

Question 2

which of the following infants are at the lowest risk of dying from SIDS?

Answer 2

Baby that goes to sleep with pacifier.

Question 3

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the 1st 6 months of human’s infant development

Answer 3

primary emotions

Question 4

devon is 5 and identifies strongly w his dad. He believes his dad is always right and tries to do everything just like him. When he doesnt he feels guilt. His moral development best exemplifies Freud’s view of moral___?

Answer 4

feeling

Question 5

According to the ___ theory of gender, childrens gender development occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do , and through being rewarded and punished for gender-appropriate/inappropriate behavior.

Answer 5

social cognitive

Question 6

Robert J. Sternberg’s triarchic theory and Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that:

Answer 6

there are 3 types of intelligence

Question 7

Julio cannot get his science projrct to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. according to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk of developing a sense if:

Answer 7

inferiority

Question 8

according to Jean Piaget, around the around age 11, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, the___ stage begins.

Answer 8

formal operational

Question 9

Most young adults in the US:

Answer 9

have good health

Question 10

Tina is a middle-aged adult. According to research, Tina is likely to experience a decline in ___ intelligence.

Answer 10

fluid

Question 11

____ is the most prevalent chronic health condition in late adulthood, particularly for women.

Answer 11

arthritis

Question 12

Kubler Ross’s five stages of dying

Answer 12

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Question 13

clinical definition of “dead”

Answer 13

brain dead

Question 14

Erikson’s stage of development in late adulthood

Answer 14

integrity vs despair

Question 15

most common chronic health condition

Answer 15

arthritis

Question 16

Erikson’s stage of development in middle adulthood

Answer 16

generativity vs stagnation

Question 17

Erikson’s stage of development in young adulthood

Answer 17

intimacy vs isolation

Question 18

piaget’s stage of cognitive development in adolescence

Answer 18

formal operations

Question 19

Erikson’s stage of development in middle and late childhood

Answer 19

industry vs inferiority

Question 20

Piaget’s stage of cognitive development in early, middle,late childhood

Answer 20

concrete operational

Question 21

Erikson’s stage of development in early childhood

Answer 21

initiative vs guilt

Question 22

Piaget’s stage of cognitive development in early childhood

Answer 22

preoperational

Question 23

Synaptic connections are made between neurons that are used, and neurons that are not used are pruned-replaced id disappear

Answer 23

neuron development during infancy `

Question 24

normative age-graded influences

Answer 24

influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group

Question 25

normative history-graded influences

Answer 25

influences that are common to people of a particular generation (historical circumstances

Question 26

nonnormative life events

Answer 26

unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individuals life

Question 27

nature

Answer 27

organism's biological inheritance

Question 28

nurture

Answer 28

influences from environmental services

Question 29

hypothesis

Answer 29

specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine accuracy

Question 30

theory

Answer 30

an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions

Question 31

naturalistic observation

Answer 31

studies that involve observing behavior in real-world settings

Question 32

descriptive research

Answer 32

studies designed to observe and record behavior

Question 33

correlational research

Answer 33

research that attempts to determine the strength of the relationship

Question 34

experimental research

Answer 34

carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence behavior are manipulated while other factors remain constant

Question 35

cohort effects

Answer 35

effects due to a person's time of birth, era, or generation rather than person's age

Question 36

cross-sectional approach

Answer 36

individuals of different ages are compared at one time

Question 37

longitudinal approach

Answer 37

same individuals are studied over a period of time

Question 38

fertilization

Answer 38

egg and sperm fuse to create a zygote

Question 39

genotype

Answer 39

a person's actual genetic material

Question 40

phenotype

Answer 40

the way a person's genotype is expressed in observed and measureable charactaristics

Question 41

germinal period

Answer 41

prenatal development that takes place in first two weeks of pregnancy

Question 42

embryonic period

Answer 42

development that occurs 2-8 weeks after pregnancy

Question 43

fetal period

Answer 43

2 months after conception and birth

Question 44

tratogen

Answer 44

anny agent that causes birth defect

Question 45

stages of birth

Answer 45

contractions when baby's head moves toward birth canal afterbirth

Question 46

normal sleep range for infants

Answer 46

10-21 hrs per day

Question 47

rooting reflex

Answer 47

built-in reaction to turn in direction cheek or side of mouth is stroked/touched

Question 48

moro reflex

Answer 48

startle response that occurs in reaction to sudden intense noise or movement

Question 49

grasping reflex

Answer 49

reflex in response to when something touches infant's palms

Question 50

empty nest syndrome

Answer 50

decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave home

Question 51

self esteem

Answer 51

self-worth, self-image

Question 52

self effiacy

Answer 52

the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

Question 53

easy child

Answer 53

positive mood, adapts easily to new experiences

Question 54

difficult child

Answer 54

tends to react negatively and cry frequently, irregular daily routines, slow to accept change

Question 55

slow-to-warm-up child

Answer 55

low activity level, somewhat negative, displays low intensity of mood

Question 56

insecure avoidant babies

Answer 56

show insecurity by avoiding caregiver

Question 57

insecure resistant babies

Answer 57

cling to caregiver, then resist caregiver

Question 58

insecure disorganized

Answer 58

babies who show insecurity through being disorganized and disoriented

Question 59

convergent thinking

Answer 59

thinking that produces one correct answer

Question 60

divergent thinking

Answer 60

thinking that produces many answers to the same question and is a characteristic of creativity

Question 61

IQ gifted range

Answer 61

130 or highet

Question 62

puberty

Answer 62

period of rapid maturation