Final Exam Flashcards
which of the following statements of human development are true?
after drawing conclusions in a study, a researcher must develop new theories.
which of the following infants are at the lowest risk of dying from SIDS?
Baby that goes to sleep with pacifier.
Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the 1st 6 months of human’s infant development
primary emotions
devon is 5 and identifies strongly w his dad. He believes his dad is always right and tries to do everything just like him. When he doesnt he feels guilt. His moral development best exemplifies Freud’s view of moral___?
feeling
According to the ___ theory of gender, childrens gender development occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do , and through being rewarded and punished for gender-appropriate/inappropriate behavior.
social cognitive
Robert J. Sternberg’s triarchic theory and Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that:
there are 3 types of intelligence
Julio cannot get his science projrct to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. according to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk of developing a sense if:
inferiority
according to Jean Piaget, around the around age 11, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, the___ stage begins.
formal operational
Most young adults in the US:
have good health
Tina is a middle-aged adult. According to research, Tina is likely to experience a decline in ___ intelligence.
fluid
____ is the most prevalent chronic health condition in late adulthood, particularly for women.
arthritis
Kubler Ross’s five stages of dying
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
clinical definition of “dead”
brain dead
Erikson’s stage of development in late adulthood
integrity vs despair
most common chronic health condition
arthritis
Erikson’s stage of development in middle adulthood
generativity vs stagnation
Erikson’s stage of development in young adulthood
intimacy vs isolation
piaget’s stage of cognitive development in adolescence
formal operations
Erikson’s stage of development in middle and late childhood
industry vs inferiority
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development in early, middle,late childhood
concrete operational
Erikson’s stage of development in early childhood
initiative vs guilt
Piaget’s stage of cognitive development in early childhood
preoperational
Synaptic connections are made between neurons that are used, and neurons that are not used are pruned-replaced id disappear
neuron development during infancy `
normative age-graded influences
influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group
normative history-graded influences
influences that are common to people of a particular generation (historical circumstances
nonnormative life events
unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individuals life
nature
organism’s biological inheritance
nurture
influences from environmental services
hypothesis
specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine accuracy
theory
an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions
naturalistic observation
studies that involve observing behavior in real-world settings
descriptive research
studies designed to observe and record behavior
correlational research
research that attempts to determine the strength of the relationship
experimental research
carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factors believed to influence behavior are manipulated while other factors remain constant
cohort effects
effects due to a person’s time of birth, era, or generation rather than person’s age
cross-sectional approach
individuals of different ages are compared at one time
longitudinal approach
same individuals are studied over a period of time
fertilization
egg and sperm fuse to create a zygote
genotype
a person’s actual genetic material
phenotype
the way a person’s genotype is expressed in observed and measureable charactaristics
germinal period
prenatal development that takes place in first two weeks of pregnancy
embryonic period
development that occurs 2-8 weeks after pregnancy
fetal period
2 months after conception and birth
tratogen
anny agent that causes birth defect
stages of birth
contractions
when baby’s head moves toward birth canal
afterbirth
normal sleep range for infants
10-21 hrs per day
rooting reflex
built-in reaction to turn in direction cheek or side of mouth is stroked/touched
moro reflex
startle response that occurs in reaction to sudden intense noise or movement
grasping reflex
reflex in response to when something touches infant’s palms
empty nest syndrome
decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave home
self esteem
self-worth, self-image
self effiacy
the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
easy child
positive mood, adapts easily to new experiences
difficult child
tends to react negatively and cry frequently, irregular daily routines, slow to accept change
slow-to-warm-up child
low activity level, somewhat negative, displays low intensity of mood
insecure avoidant babies
show insecurity by avoiding caregiver
insecure resistant babies
cling to caregiver, then resist caregiver
insecure disorganized
babies who show insecurity through being disorganized and disoriented
convergent thinking
thinking that produces one correct answer
divergent thinking
thinking that produces many answers to the same question and is a characteristic of creativity
IQ gifted range
130 or highet
puberty
period of rapid maturation
