Final Exam Flashcards
Define globalization.
a process or combination of processes through which the world is becoming an integrated place.
Name and describe the 3 types of globalization.
- Economic: ex. growth of international brands
- Political: ex. WTO, IMF, EU
- Cultural: ex. blending of cultures
Name 3 pros of sport labor markets.
- higher athlete salaries
- greater player rights
- more exposure for leagues
- no longer ultimate control of the owners
Name 3 cons of sport labor markets.
- reduced many leagues to be considered minor leagues
- no longer the hometown athlete bond
- rich teams, countries and leagues get the majority of the benefits
Name 3 pros of globalization and promotion of sport.
- switch from fan ticket revenue to new “revenue streams”
- increase in merchandise marketing
- global exposure of the sport
- major increase in revenue through pay TV
Name 3 cons of globalization and promotion of sport.
- major leagues dominate
- traditional sports must compete with imported sports
- bigger is not necessarily better
Define physical literacy.
the mastering of fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills that permit a child to read their environment and make appropriate decisions, allowing them to move confidently and with control in a wide range of physical activity situations
What are the pros and cons of a alumni funded model?
PROS
- better teams get better funding
- teams with successful alumni get more money
- no money is taken from the school
CONS
- alumni bail
- don’t follow school guidelines
- school can lose control
Give 4 reasons why governments intervene in sport?
- ideological instrument for social cohesion (ex. national unity)
- sport as a instrument for economic development (ex. hosts bring in revenue)
- sport as a instrument of foreign policy (olympics in China to promote human rights)
- sport fostering social development and social inclusion (equality in gender, race)
What is the overall goal of Canada Sport Plan 2012?
Canada is a leading sports nation where all Canadians can pursue sport to the extent of their abilities and interests
What is the introduction portion of the Canada Sport Plan 2012?
develop fundamental skills, participate in organized and unorganized sports and have fun in a socially enjoyable environment
What is the competitive sport portion of the Canada Sport Plan 2012?
opportunity to systemically improve and measure their performance against others
Name the steps of LTAD.
- active start
- FUNdamentals
- learning to train
- training to train
- learning to compete
- training to compete
- learning to win
- winning for a living
- retainment/active for life
What are the windows of trainability? (CTD)
- Time when children are ready and able to develop fundamental sport skills and abilities such as running, jumping and throwing
- able to improve their speed, agility and balance, which are related sport skills
What is the typical PHV (peak height velocity) of a female?
12-13
What is the typical PHV (peak height velocity) of a male?
13-14
Youth training before PHV (peak height velocity) should consist of:
- gymnastics
- core skills
- lots of sports
What are the pros and cons of the late bloomer?
Pros: more time to develop skill
Cons: typically don’t make teams based on size
Why is the windows of trainability important to realize?
Children who do not develop their fundamental motor skills by age 12 are unlikely to reach their genetic athletic potential
Current emphasis on outcome based on sport means what:
- developmental athletes over-compete and under-train
- Parents are not educated about LTAD
- There is no talent identification system
- Sports specialize too early in an attempt to attract and retain participants
- Fundamental movement skills and sport skills are not taught properly
- Preparation is geared to the short-term outcome of winning, and not to the process
- Chronological rather than developmental age (maturity) is used in training/competition planning
What are the goals of the Alberta Sports Plan?
- improve gender equity and programming for under-represented populations
- use sport as a social development tool for youth at risk and economically disadvantaged families
- strive for excellence through the provision of opportunities to achieve inter-provincially, nationally and internationally
- improve the health of individuals through increased physical literacy and physical activity
- compliment education goals, shared resources and knowledge in support of the holistic growth and development of children
Describe power & performance sports in the future.
- will be the dominant sport form in the immediate future
- sponsors will give priority to these sports
Describe pleasure & participation sports in the future.
- will grow as “connections” are given priority over confrontation and domination
- sponsorships will be difficult to obtain and maintain for these sports
Power & performance sports will remain dominant, but questions will be raised about what 3 things?
- the use of technology to push human limits
- fairness and the use of biotechnology
- injuries, ethics, and access to training and participation
4 factors producing growth in growth & pleasure sports will be:
- concerns about health and fitness
- participation preferences among older people
- values brought to sports by women
- groups seeking alternative sports
What will happen with pro sports in the future?
- they will become increasingly global
- new sports/leagues will develop, most will fail
- consumption > sports
- top athletes will be global celebrities
- pro athletes will gain autonomy and power but will mostly use it to enhance careers and income
What will happen with spectators and spectator sports in the future?
- rate of watching sports will increase
- wider range of sports will be watched on cable stations
- internet will become the key source for spectator consumption (new experiences, new ways of connecting with athletes)
- gambling will increase
What will happen with the cyber world in sports in the future?
- TV and internet help spread awareness and knowledge of sport
- the media will be sites where corporations and sports merge interests
- video and virtual games enable spectators to simulate sport experiences and create new “sport” challenges
What will happen with organization and specialization of sport in the future?
- Increased use of technical & scientific specialists in most sports
- Highly organized sport programs will continue to be popular at all levels
- Emphasis on measurable achievement, records, and competitive outcomes as they watch and play
What will happen with sport consumerism in the future?
- Entertainment and consumption will be the major organizing principles in sports
- The quest for profits and economic expansion will influence the meaning and organization of sports
- Major corporations will own more sport teams, facilities, and events
- Sport science will be used as much for marketing as for other purposes
What will happen with diversity and equality issues in sports in the future?
- Struggles over gender equity will continue, and grow especially in developing nations
- A major challenge will be how to handle increasing ethnic diversity caused by increased global labor migration
Athletes have celebrity and market status, but why do they have little power?
- If athletes endorse deep changes in society they risk losing support and media coverage
- To become change agents, athletes require the support of established organizations
Name 4 approaches for change in the future of sports.
- Work within the system of sports
- Join “opposition” groups
- Create alternative sports
- Focus on culture and social relations
What would a plan for change in sports consist of?
- Visions of what sports and social life could and should be like
- Willingness to work hard to put visions into actions
- Political abilities to rally the resources needed to produce results
Popular sports in Canada:
- hockey
- soccer
- golf
- basketball
Development of athletes in Canada:
- LTAD (7 stages, sport for life)
- school systems
Funding of sports in Canada:
- government (Sports Canada): provides programs, funding for high performance athletes
- funding has increase in the past 10 years
- scholarships
Popular sports in Australia:
- football
- cricket
- rugby
- horse racing
- motor sports
Development of athletes in Australia:
- U17 development squad (incl. training and education)
- no development system through school (many go abroad)
- more participation in children than adults
- AIS: world class facility
Funding of sports in Australia:
- government puts in lots of money for sport
- extreme talent ID
Popular sports in China:
- martial arts
- ping pong
- badminton
- soccer
- basketball
- Chinese chess
- meditation
Development of athletes in China:
- extremely early with diligent training
- big emphasis on sports for athletes (sports schools)
- easy to afford
Funding of sports in China:
- prior to 1990’s was all government funded
- now funded by sports clubs, sponsors etc.
Popular sports in Iran:
- freestyle wrestling (national sport)
- football (soccer)
- basketball
- weight lifting
- polo
Development of athletes in Iran:
- non-systemic approach (random)
- talent ID
- choose athletes based on position within championship games
- national program for youth/adolescent development
- begin at young age (12) with 1-5 years of tests/training
- males are primarily the athletes and spectators
Funding of sports in Iran:
- little government funding
- Palestinian youth support fund (most funds provide only for kids with other futuristic intensions)
Popular sports in Denmark:
- football
- aquatics
- gymnastics
Development of athletes in Denmark:
- facility in Copenhagen
Funding of sports in Denmark:
- all government funded
- scholarships available, but limited (only elite)
- 1000 top athletes supported by national federation
Popular sports in Germany:
- Fussball (soccer)
- golf
- ice hockey
- hand ball
- basketball
- motor sport
Development of athletes in Germany:
- the GOAL study: German young olympic athlete’s lifestyle management study
- practice and play development
- kids are put into sport schools early on and then are given opportunities for elite sport schools
- mostly club based
- good general PE programs, not much sport specific stuff
Funding of sports in Germany:
- Germany Sports Aid Foundation
- not much funding from the government
- pro teams donate
Popular sports in Russia:
- basketball
- hockey
- football
- handball
- rugby
- weightlifting
Development of athletes in Russia:
- conjugate sequence system
- initially: simultaneous training of several motor abilities. Wide multi-lateral skill approach
- as the athletes mature, they specialize (fundamental motor skill pool exists so athletes can choose)
- dependent on ability, strength, skill
Funding of sports in Russia:
- government grants available
Popular sports in the USA:
- football
- baseball
- basketball
- hockey
- tennis
- bowling
- golf
Development of athletes in the USA:
- 4 stages
- higher level development
Funding of sports in the USA:
no general provide funding
Popular sports in South Africa:
- soccer
- rugby
- cricket
- tennis
- field hockey
Development of athletes in South Africa:
- competitiveness delayed until teen years
- competition happens at 13, 16, and 18
- athletics are based in schools
Funding of sports in South Africa:
- funded by SRSA provides opportunity
- Sa SCOC provides funding for high performance athletes
Popular sports in Brazil:
- soccer/football
- volleyball
- basketball
- MMA (capoeira)
Development of athletes in Brazil:
- private clubs
- government
Funding of sports in Brazil:
- government: sport incentive
- private sectors
