Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The quotation, “change is the only constant, is typically attributed to ?

A

Lucretius

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2
Q

Darwin was notably influenced by the book, An essay on the Principle of Population, by?

A

Malthus

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3
Q

Modal action patterns are induced by events called

A

Releasers

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4
Q

The figure with the graph illustrates

A

Habituation

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5
Q

The person who suggested that to learn how nature works, we must “ sit down before fact as a little child”, and “be prepared to give up every preconceived notion” was?

A

T.H Huxley

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6
Q

Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response

A

Topography

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7
Q

Marjorie drives a school bus sometimes the kids get rather noisy she decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus but whenever the kids get to noisy she turns the music off when they get quiet she turns the music back on in this way she hopes to get the kids to make less noise Marjorie’s probably going to measure learning as a change in response

A

Intensity

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8
Q

A teacher who looks for an increase in the number of correct responses per minute is using as a ________ as a measure of learning

A

Fluency

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9
Q

Any variable that is allowed to vary freely is a

A

Dependent

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10
Q

In within -subject experiments such subjects performance is compared with his or her performance during a

A

Baseline period

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11
Q

Experimental research on behavior is often said to be artificial to Compensate for this problem research you should conduct

A

Field experiments & another look out on test

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12
Q

Pavlov’s main interest initially was

A

Physiology

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13
Q

In studying psychic secretions Pavlov focus his attention on the

A

Events in a dogs environment

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14
Q

The experiment discussed in our text were a dog learned to salivate at the sight of a black square after the square had been paired with a CS for salivating is an example of what conditioning

A

Higher-order

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15
Q

One way to determine if conditioning has occurred is to present the CS alone and then see what happens. each such presentation is typically called a what trial?

A

Test

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16
Q

Two students Edward and Edwina serve as subjects in a conditioning experiment the CS is a buzzer the US is a mild electric shock the UR is a change in the electrical conductivity of their skin called the Galvanic skin response both subjects undergo 50 trials but the experimenter feels sorry for Edwina so periodically he lets her off without a shock the results will probably indicate that

A

CR stronger in Edward

17
Q

In Pavlovian conditioning contiguity usually refers to the

A

Closeness in time or space between 2 events

18
Q

A ________ stimulus is one that consist of two or more neutral stimuli presented simultaneously

A

Compound

19
Q

In general the more intense a US the

A

Faster conditioning proceeds

20
Q

And experimenter presents a flash of light and a bell simultaneously followed by food conditioning proceeds satisfactorily but when the experimenter presents the light and bell separately he finds that the bell is an effective CS but the light is not. The experimenter has most likely demonstrated

A

Overshadowing

21
Q

Prior exposure to a stimulus before pairing the stimulus with a US oftentimes interferes with a subsequent conditioning. this phenomenon is called

A

Latent inhibition

22
Q

Following conditioning if a CS is repeatedly presented without the US the procedure is typically called

A

Extinction

23
Q

According to our text the chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning

A

Is faster