Final Flashcards
Spontaneous recovery is typically associated with
Extinction
Each time a buzzer sounds a puff of air makes a rabbit blink. Soon the rabbit blinks when it hears the buzzer. George believes that this means the buzzer has taken the place of the air puff. George is probably an advocate of
Stimulus substitution theory
In ________therapy a stimulus that elicits an inappropriate response is paired with an unpleasant stimulus such as a a shock or an emetic drug
Aversion
As discussed in our text Shepard Siegel work suggests that some deaths attributed to ___________ are actually the result of conditioning
Drug over-dose
If a person sneezes after coming close to a realistic-looking artificial flower you can probably be sure that he or she is __________
Allergic to pollen
The phenomenon of ________ suggests that we should be more likely to develop aversions to novel foods than to familiar ones.
Latent inhibition
The law of effect says that
Behavior is a function of its consequences
Operant learning is sometimes called _______ learning
Instrumental
Negative reinforcement is also called
Escape or avoidance learning
The opposite of a conditioned reinforcer is a
Primary
Money is a good example of a _______reinforcer
Generalized , secondary/conditioned
The Watson and Rayner experiment with little Albert may have involved operant as well as Pavlovian learning because the loud noise
Occurred as Albert reached for the rat
Studies of delayed reinforcement document the importance of
Behavior stimulus contiguity
An antecedent that impacts the effectiveness of a reinforcer is called a
Motivating reinforcement
According to the one process theory of avoidance the avoidance response is reinforced by
Reduction in aversive stimulation
Shaping is the reinforcement of successive
Behaviors
The first step in building a behavior chain is to do a
Task analysis
Early studies of learned helplessness used a ________ procedure
Escape training
As discussed in class “achievement motivation” is characterized by the concept of “learned ___________”
Industriousness
John spent his summer picking cantaloupes for a farmer. The farmer paid john a certain amount for every basket of a cantaloupes picked. John worked on a
Fixed ratio schedule
The schedule to use if you want to produce the most rapid acquisition of new behavior is
Continuous reinforcement
The schedule that is NOT an intermittent schedule is
FR1
A reduction in response rate following reinforcement is typically called a
Post reinforcement pause
CRF is synonymous with
FR1
The schedule that is likely to produce a cumulative record with “scallops” is the
FI schedule
The sudden reappearance of the target behavior characteristic of extinction is called
Spontaneous recovery
In a ___ schedule reinforcement s contingent on the continuous performance of a behavior for an established period of time
FD (fixed duration)
FT and VT are both kinds of ________ reinforcement
Noncontingent (NCR)
This refers to the point at which a behavior stops or its rate falls off sharply
break point
Googie trains a pigeon to peck a disk by reinforcing each disk peck. Once the response is learned, googie begins to cut back on the reinforcers. At first he reinforces every other response, then every third response, every fifth response, every tenth response, and so on. Googie is using a procedure called
Stretching the ratio
Things are going pretty well for googie until he all of a sudden jumps from reinforcing every tenth response to reinforcing every 50th response. At this point the pigeon responds erratically and nearly stops responding entirely googie pigeon is probably suffering from
Ratio strain
The PRE is parsimoniously explained by the
Response unit hypothesis
Perhaps more than anything else the matching law simply reflects the fact that animal and human behavior is primarily driven by
Self interest
According to our text , positive punishment is sometimes confused with
Negative reinforcement
Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to
Reduce its effectiveness
When disciplining their son, jeepers, Mr and Ms peepers begin with an extremely mild form of punishment and gradually increase its strength if the offenses continue. This procedure is most likely to result in
The use of excessively strong aversives / habituation
