final exam Flashcards
____ is the inability to speak due to mental deficiency or a manifestation of dementia
alogia
____ are a class of psychiatric medicine primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia,etc.)
antipsychotics
___ is characterized by mild psychotic symptoms that don’t meet the diagnostic criteria for a full blown psychotic disorder, as well as significant distress and disability that bring the individual to clinical attention
Attenuated Psychosis syndrome
___ is a lack of interest or engagement in goal-directed behavior (many people with schizophrenia experience this)
Avolition
____ is a period of psychosis whose duration is generally shorter, non-recurring, and not caused by another condition. This disorder is characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, which may include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, or catatonic behavior
Brief psychotic disorder
____ is any gene that is likely to cause a disease
candidate genes
___ is the rarest type of schizophrenia. The symptoms involve significant psychomotor oddities and disturbances (patient doesn’t move, patient moves excessively, patient refuses to speak or is unable to speak, patient voluntarily moves in unusual or bizarre ways, patient senselessly mimics)
Catatonic schizophrenia
___ is a therapy designed to improve neurocognitive abilities such as attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility and planning, and executive functioning which leads to improved social functioning
Cognitive remediation
A ___ is a falsely held belief
Delusion
___ refers to a condition associated with one or more nonbizzare delusions of thinking-provided no other symptoms of of schizophrenia are exhibited
delusional disorder
____ is one of the 5 main types of schizophrenia. It is characterized by symptoms of extreme disorganization and typically develops between 15 and 25 years of age
disorganized schizophrenia
____ includes: Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized speech, Disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms
Disorganized-symptoms
___ is a compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter
Dopamine
___ is used to separate behavioral symptoms into more stable phenotypes with a clear genetic connection
Endophenotypes
___ is the critical, hostile, and emotionally over-involved attitude that relatives have toward a family member with a disorder
Expressed emotion
____ is a severe reduction in emotional expressiveness. People with depression and schizophrenia often show this
Flat Affect
___ is a salt or ester of glutamic acid
Glutamate
___ is an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
Hallucination
___ is a study aimed at establishing linkage between genes. Today it serves as a way of gene-hunting and genetic testing
linkage analysis
____ are symptoms that reflect an absence or deficit in normal functions
negative symptoms
___ is a type of schizophrenia in which a person is increasingly suspicious, has severe difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and experiences absurd, illogical, and often changing delusions
paranoid schizophrenia
____ are symptoms characterized by something being added tto normal behavior or experience. Includes delusions, hallucinations, motor agitation, and marked emotional turmoil,
positive symptoms
___ is relating to or denoting the period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development of a rash or fever
prodromal
___ is a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality
psychosis
____ is a condition in which a person experiences a combination of schizophrenia symptoms- such as hallucinations or delusions- and mood disorder symptoms, such as mania or depression
Schizoaffective disorder
___ is a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
schizophrenia
___ is a mental disorder diagnosed when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for a significant portion of the time within a one-month period, but signs of disruption are not present for the full six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
schizophreniform disorder
___ is progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.
Alzheimer’s disease
___ cause memory impairment without any of the symptoms commonly found with other cognitive disorders. Symptoms include problems retaining or learning new information as well as other memory problems. The person affected may or may not be aware of their memory troubles.
Amnestic disorder
____ are sticky buildup which accumulates outside nerve cells, or neurons
Amyloid plaques
___ is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
anterograde amnesia
____ is an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.
Delirium
___ is a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.
Dementia
___ are neurological disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS.
HIV-Associated-Neurocognitive-Impairment
___ is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B-1). This is most commonly caused by alcohol misuse
korsakoff’s syndrome
___ was previously known as dementia and the primary feature of all neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) is an acquired cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains.
Major-Neurocognitive disorder
____= (formerly known as mild cognitive impairment) is a mental disorder. It is a slight abnormal decrease in mental function. The areas of mental function affected may include memory, thought, communication, behavior, and completion of tasks.
Mild-Neurocognitive-disorder
___ are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that are most commonly known as a primary marker of Alzheimer’s disease. Their presence is also found in numerous other diseases known as tauopathies.
neurofibrillary-tangles
____ a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people. It is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
parkinson’s disease
____ is a loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease.
retrograde amnesia
___ is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others. It also includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. These issues cause significant impairment in social, occupational and other areas of functioning.
Autism spectrum disorder
___ is a range of antisocial types of behavior displayed in childhood or adolescence.
conduct disorder
____ is the study of the development of psychological disorders, such as psychopathy, autism, schizophrenia and depression, with a lifecourse perspective. A main idea is that psychopathology can be best understood as normal development gone awry.
developmental psychopathology
___ is involuntary defecation, especially associated with emotional disturbance or psychiatric disorder
encopresis
___ is involuntary urination, especially by children at night.
Enuresis
___= this is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. The fluid is often under increased pressure and can compress and damage the brain.
hydrocephaly
____ is defined as a head circumference which is greater than 2 standard deviations larger than the average for a given age and sex. It refers to an abnormally large head inclusive of the scalp, cranial bone and intracranial contents.
macrocephaly
___ is to place (a student with special needs) into a mainstream class or school.
Mainstreaming
___ is abnormal smallness of the head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development.
microcephaly
___ are impairments of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system. A narrower use of the term refers to a disorder of brain function that affects emotion, learning ability, self-control and memory and that unfolds as the individual grows.
neurodevelopmental disorders
___ is an ongoing pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that seriously interferes with the youngster’s day to day functioning. Symptoms of ODD may include: Frequent temper tantrums. Excessive arguing with adults.
Oppositional Defiant disorder
___ is a stimulant drug of the 4-oxazolidinone class. It was first synthesized in 1913 but its activity was not discovered until the 1930s. Under the names Betanamin, Cylert, Tradon, and Ceractiv it was used as a medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
pemoline
___ is an inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated.
phenylketonuria
___ is the trademark for methylphenidate.
Ritalin
___ is a condition in which a child becomes fearful and nervous when away from home or separated from a loved one – usually a parent or other caregiver – to whom the child is attached.
separation anxiety disorder
____ is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Exactly how Strattera (Straterra) works to treat ADHD is not known. It may work by boosting levels of norepinephrine, one of the brain chemicals responsible for regulating activity. This may affect attention span and behavior.
strattera
