final exam

Question 1

____ is the inability to speak due to mental deficiency or a manifestation of dementia

Answer 1

alogia

Question 2

____ are a class of psychiatric medicine primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia,etc.)

Answer 2

antipsychotics

Question 3

___ is characterized by mild psychotic symptoms that don’t meet the diagnostic criteria for a full blown psychotic disorder, as well as significant distress and disability that bring the individual to clinical attention

Answer 3

Attenuated Psychosis syndrome

Question 4

___ is a lack of interest or engagement in goal-directed behavior (many people with schizophrenia experience this)

Answer 4

Avolition

Question 5

____ is a period of psychosis whose duration is generally shorter, non-recurring, and not caused by another condition. This disorder is characterized by sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, which may include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, or catatonic behavior

Answer 5

Brief psychotic disorder

Question 6

____ is any gene that is likely to cause a disease

Answer 6

candidate genes

Question 7

___ is the rarest type of schizophrenia. The symptoms involve significant psychomotor oddities and disturbances (patient doesn’t move, patient moves excessively, patient refuses to speak or is unable to speak, patient voluntarily moves in unusual or bizarre ways, patient senselessly mimics)

Answer 7

Catatonic schizophrenia

Question 8

___ is a therapy designed to improve neurocognitive abilities such as attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility and planning, and executive functioning which leads to improved social functioning

Answer 8

Cognitive remediation

Question 9

A ___ is a falsely held belief

Answer 9

Delusion

Question 10

___ refers to a condition associated with one or more nonbizzare delusions of thinking-provided no other symptoms of of schizophrenia are exhibited

Answer 10

delusional disorder

Question 11

____ is one of the 5 main types of schizophrenia. It is characterized by symptoms of extreme disorganization and typically develops between 15 and 25 years of age

Answer 11

disorganized schizophrenia

Question 12

____ includes: Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized speech, Disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms

Answer 12

Disorganized-symptoms

Question 13

___ is a compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter

Answer 13

Dopamine

Question 14

___ is used to separate behavioral symptoms into more stable phenotypes with a clear genetic connection

Answer 14

Endophenotypes

Question 15

___ is the critical, hostile, and emotionally over-involved attitude that relatives have toward a family member with a disorder

Answer 15

Expressed emotion

Question 16

____ is a severe reduction in emotional expressiveness. People with depression and schizophrenia often show this

Answer 16

Flat Affect

Question 17

___ is a salt or ester of glutamic acid

Answer 17

Glutamate

Question 18

___ is an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present

Answer 18

Hallucination

Question 19

___ is a study aimed at establishing linkage between genes. Today it serves as a way of gene-hunting and genetic testing

Answer 19

linkage analysis

Question 20

____ are symptoms that reflect an absence or deficit in normal functions

Answer 20

negative symptoms

Question 21

___ is a type of schizophrenia in which a person is increasingly suspicious, has severe difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and experiences absurd, illogical, and often changing delusions

Answer 21

paranoid schizophrenia

Question 22

____ are symptoms characterized by something being added tto normal behavior or experience. Includes delusions, hallucinations, motor agitation, and marked emotional turmoil,

Answer 22

positive symptoms

Question 23

___ is relating to or denoting the period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development of a rash or fever

Answer 23

prodromal

Question 24

___ is a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality

Answer 24

psychosis

Question 25

____ is a condition in which a person experiences a combination of schizophrenia symptoms- such as hallucinations or delusions- and mood disorder symptoms, such as mania or depression

Answer 25

Schizoaffective disorder

Question 26

___ is a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.

Answer 26

schizophrenia

Question 27

___ is a mental disorder diagnosed when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for a significant portion of the time within a one-month period, but signs of disruption are not present for the full six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Answer 27

schizophreniform disorder

Question 28

___ is progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.

Answer 28

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 29

___ cause memory impairment without any of the symptoms commonly found with other cognitive disorders. Symptoms include problems retaining or learning new information as well as other memory problems. The person affected may or may not be aware of their memory troubles.

Answer 29

Amnestic disorder

Question 30

____ are sticky buildup which accumulates outside nerve cells, or neurons

Answer 30

Amyloid plaques

Question 31

___ is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.

Answer 31

anterograde amnesia

Question 32

____ is an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.

Answer 32

Delirium

Question 33

___ is a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Answer 33

Dementia

Question 34

___ are neurological disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS.

Answer 34

HIV-Associated-Neurocognitive-Impairment

Question 35

___ is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B-1). This is most commonly caused by alcohol misuse

Answer 35

korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 36

___ was previously known as dementia and the primary feature of all neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) is an acquired cognitive decline in one or more cognitive domains.

Answer 36

Major-Neurocognitive disorder

Question 37

____= (formerly known as mild cognitive impairment) is a mental disorder. It is a slight abnormal decrease in mental function. The areas of mental function affected may include memory, thought, communication, behavior, and completion of tasks.

Answer 37

Mild-Neurocognitive-disorder

Question 38

___ are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that are most commonly known as a primary marker of Alzheimer’s disease. Their presence is also found in numerous other diseases known as tauopathies.

Answer 38

neurofibrillary-tangles

Question 39

____ a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people. It is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Answer 39

parkinson’s disease

Question 40

____ is a loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease.

Answer 40

retrograde amnesia

Question 41

___ is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others. It also includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. These issues cause significant impairment in social, occupational and other areas of functioning.

Answer 41

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 42

___ is a range of antisocial types of behavior displayed in childhood or adolescence.

Answer 42

conduct disorder

Question 43

____ is the study of the development of psychological disorders, such as psychopathy, autism, schizophrenia and depression, with a lifecourse perspective. A main idea is that psychopathology can be best understood as normal development gone awry.

Answer 43

developmental psychopathology

Question 44

___ is involuntary defecation, especially associated with emotional disturbance or psychiatric disorder

Answer 44

encopresis

Question 45

___ is involuntary urination, especially by children at night.

Answer 45

Enuresis

Question 46

___= this is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. The fluid is often under increased pressure and can compress and damage the brain.

Answer 46

hydrocephaly

Question 47

____ is defined as a head circumference which is greater than 2 standard deviations larger than the average for a given age and sex. It refers to an abnormally large head inclusive of the scalp, cranial bone and intracranial contents.

Answer 47

macrocephaly

Question 48

___ is to place (a student with special needs) into a mainstream class or school.

Answer 48

Mainstreaming

Question 49

___ is abnormal smallness of the head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development.

Answer 49

microcephaly

Question 50

___ are impairments of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system. A narrower use of the term refers to a disorder of brain function that affects emotion, learning ability, self-control and memory and that unfolds as the individual grows.

Answer 50

neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 51

___ is an ongoing pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that seriously interferes with the youngster’s day to day functioning. Symptoms of ODD may include: Frequent temper tantrums. Excessive arguing with adults.

Answer 51

Oppositional Defiant disorder

Question 52

___ is a stimulant drug of the 4-oxazolidinone class. It was first synthesized in 1913 but its activity was not discovered until the 1930s. Under the names Betanamin, Cylert, Tradon, and Ceractiv it was used as a medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.

Answer 52

pemoline

Question 53

___ is an inherited inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain and nerve damage if untreated.

Answer 53

phenylketonuria

Question 54

___ is the trademark for methylphenidate.

Answer 54

Ritalin

Question 55

___ is a condition in which a child becomes fearful and nervous when away from home or separated from a loved one – usually a parent or other caregiver – to whom the child is attached.

Answer 55

separation anxiety disorder

Question 56

____ is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Exactly how Strattera (Straterra) works to treat ADHD is not known. It may work by boosting levels of norepinephrine, one of the brain chemicals responsible for regulating activity. This may affect attention span and behavior.

Answer 56

strattera