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exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

____ is characterized by the development of severe anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms that occurs within one month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor

A

Acute Stress Disorder

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2
Q

____ is a group of symptoms, such as stress, feeling sad or hopeless, and physical symptoms that can occur after you go through a stressful life event. The symptoms occur because you are having a hard time coping. Your reaction is stronger than expected for the type of event that occurred.

A

Adjustment Disorder

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3
Q

_____ is “the wear and tear on the body” which grows over time when the individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress. It represents the physiological consequences of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine response that results from repeated or chronic stress.

A

Allostatic Load

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4
Q

_____ is any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it.

A

Antigens

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5
Q

____ is a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies.

A

B-Cell

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6
Q

_____ is an interdisciplinary field that uses the concepts and techniques of the behavioral sciences to improve physical and emotional health.

A

Behavioral Medicine

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7
Q

____ refer to the specific efforts, both behavioral and psychological, that people employ to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize stressful events.

A

coping strategies

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8
Q

____ is a quantitative method of research in which you have 2 or more quantitative variables from the same group of subjects, & you are trying to determine if there is a relationship (or covariation) between the 2 variables (a similarity between them, not a difference between their means).

A

Correlational Research

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9
Q

____ is to look at closely in order to observe or read.

A

Study

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10
Q

one thing that all stress has in common is that it increases the level of a very powerful hormone called ____

A

Cortisol

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11
Q

____ is a time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger

A

Crisis

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12
Q

____ is emergency psychological care aimed at assisting individuals in a crisis situation to restore equilibrium to their biopsychosocial functioning and to minimize the potential for psychological trauma.

A

Crisis Intervention

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13
Q

____ is any of a number of substances, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors, that are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other cells.

A

Cytokines

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14
Q

A ____ is a process of (1) receiving an explanation, (2) receiving information and situation-based reminders of context, (3) reporting of measures of performance, and/or (4) opportunities to further investigate the results of a study, investigation, or assessment of performance after participation in an immersive activity is complete.

A

debriefing session

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15
Q

____ is extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain.

A

Distress

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16
Q

____ is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable cause.

A

Essential Hypertension

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17
Q

____ is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. It is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness.

A

Health Psychology

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18
Q

____ abnormally high blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

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19
Q

____ describes a complex set of interactions between two parts of the brain – the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland – and the adrenal or suprarenal glands at the top of each kidney

A

HPA System

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20
Q

____ is the body’s defense against infectious organisms and other invaders.

A

Immune System

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21
Q

____ the partial or complete suppression of the immune response of an individual. It is induced to help the survival of an organ after a transplant operation.

A

Immunosuppression

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22
Q

____ is a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease; a white (blood) cell.

A

Leukocytes

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23
Q

____ are responsible for immune responses.

A

Lymphocytes

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24
Q

____ is the scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning. It has also been defined as the study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities and organisations to thrive.

A

Positive Psychology

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25
Q

____ is a mental health condition that’s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

A

PTSD

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26
Q

____ is a form of behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy designed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder, characterized by re-experiencing the traumatic event through remembering it and engaging with, rather than avoiding, reminders of the trauma (triggers).

A

Prolonged Exposure

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27
Q

____ is the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

A

Resilience

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28
Q

____ a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances

A

Stress

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29
Q

____ is a psychotherapy method intended to help patients prepare themselves in advance to handle stressful events successfully and with a minimum of upset.

A

Stress-inoculation training

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30
Q

____ is the ability to be relaxed and composed when faced with difficulties.

A

Stress tolerance

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31
Q

____ is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus or an event that causes stress to an organism.

A

Stressors

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32
Q

____ the General Services Administration (GSA) combined the Central Contractor Registration (CCR/FedReg), Online Representations & Certifications Application (ORCA) and the Excluded Parties List System (EPLS) into one main contractor database. Since its inception, it has been a step in the right direct for collaborated federal systems that have a heavy interaction with both federal officials and United States business owners.

A

SAM system

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33
Q

____ is a lymphocyte of a type produced or processed by the thymus gland and actively participating in the immune response

A

T-cell

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34
Q

____ is a behavior pattern characterized by tenseness, impatience, and aggressiveness, often resulting in stress-related symptoms such as insomnia and indigestion and possibly increasing the risk of heart disease. Also called type A personality .

A

Type A Behavior Pattern

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35
Q

____ is a psychosocial term describing the “distressed” type of person who tends to have negative feelings and avoids social contact. It is characterized by two personality traits: negative affectivity and social inhibition.

A

Type D Personality

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36
Q

____ is an extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places.

A

Agoraphobia

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37
Q

____ a roughly almond-shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions.

A

Amygdala

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38
Q

____ is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.

A

anxiety

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39
Q

____ are a category of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear, where anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a racing heart and shakiness.

A

anxiety disorders

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40
Q

____ refers to the fear of behaviors or sensations associated with the experience of anxiety. Bodily sensations related to anxiety are misattributed as a harmful experience causing more intense anxiety or fear. For example, a person may fear the shakes as impending neurological disorder.

A

Anxiety Sensitivity

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41
Q

____ constitutes a subtype of specific phobias. It includes fear of blood (hemophobia), injury phobia and fear of receiving an injection (trypanophobia and some other names) or other invasive medical procedures.

A

Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia

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42
Q

____ is a psychological disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with imaginary defects in their appearance.

A

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

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43
Q

____ is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique used to identify and replace irrational thoughts that trigger social anxiety

A

Cognitive Restructuring

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44
Q

____ an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way, especially against one’s conscious wishes.

A

Compulsions

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45
Q

____ this therapy involves the person with OCD facing his or her fears and then refraining from ritualizing.

A

Exposure and Response Prevention

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46
Q

____ is a technique in behavior therapy used to treat anxiety disorders. It involves the exposure of the patient to the feared object or context without any danger, in order to overcome their anxiety.

A

exposure therapy

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47
Q

____

A

Exteroceptive Conditioning Fear

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48
Q

____ a psychological disorder characterized by excessive or disproportionate anxiety about several aspects of life, such as work, social relationships, or financial matters.

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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49
Q

____ is a persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions because of a perceived need to save them. A person with this disorder experiences distress at the thought of getting rid of the items. Excessive accumulation of items, regardless of actual value, occurs.

A

Hoarding Disorder

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50
Q

____ is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique used in the treatment of panic disorder.

A

Interoceptive Conditioning

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51
Q

____ is a class of functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations

A

Neurotic Disorders

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52
Q

____ an idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person’s mind.

A

Obsessions

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53
Q

____ is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions).Often the person carries out the behaviors to get rid of the obsessive thoughts, but this only provides temporary relief. Not performing the obsessive rituals can cause great anxiety.

A

OCD

54
Q

____ is a model of medical classification where various psychiatric, neurological and/or medical conditions are described as existing on a spectrum of conditions related to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).[1] “The disorders are thought to lie on a spectrum from impulsive to compulsive where impulsivity is said to persist due to deficits in the ability to inhibit repetitive behavior with known negative consequences, while compulsivity persists as a consequence of deficits in recognizing completion of tasks.”

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum-

Disorders

55
Q

____ is a sudden feeling of acute and disabling anxiety.

A

panic attack

56
Q

____ is a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause.

A

panic disorder

57
Q

____ = challenge or provocation studies are taking advantage of the ability of certain agents to closely reproduce spontaneous panic attacks in laboratory. The latter strategy enables the researchers to test various hypotheses about the proposed etiology, to compare indices obtained from healthy volunteers with those of PD patients, as well as to compare a baseline measure with values of some variable during the attack.

A

Panic Provocation Procedures

58
Q

___ is an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something.

A

phobia

59
Q

___ is a concept developed to explain why certain associations are learned more readily than others. For example, phobias related to survival, such as snakes, spiders, and heights, are much more common and much easier to induce in the laboratory than other kinds of fears.

A

Prepared Learning

60
Q

___ is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations. Anxiety (intense nervousness) and self-consciousness arise from a fear of being closely watched, judged, and criticized by others

A

Social Phobia

61
Q

___ is a compulsive desire to pull out one’s hair.

A

Trichotillomania

62
Q

___ is the process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events.

A

Attributions

63
Q

___ is a behavioral treatment that primarily focuses on changing behaviors to address problems people may be experiencing.

A

Behavioral Activation Treatment

64
Q

___ would tend to have manic or hypomanic episodes during a specific season of the year. During the other seasons, their mood would tend to be normal neither manic nor depressed

A

Bipolar Disorder with a Seasonal Pattern

65
Q

___ consists of mania and depression

A

Bipolar I Disorder

66
Q

___ consists of hypomania and periods of depression

A

Bipolar II Disorder

67
Q

___ is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The term “depression” is used in a number of different ways. It is often used to mean this syndrome but may refer to other mood disorders or simply to a low mood

A

Chronic Major Depressive Disorder

68
Q

___ is a talking therapy that can help you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave. It is most commonly used to treat anxiety and depression, but can be useful for other mental and physical health problems.

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

69
Q

___ is a mild form of bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness), in which a person has mood swings over a period of years that go from mild depression to emotional highs.

A

Cyclothymic Disorder

70
Q

___ is a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way

A

depression

71
Q

___ is a condition that occurs when an individual suffering from mild depression falls into a major depressive state.

A

double depression

72
Q

___ are negative and harmful by definition and can exist even when the situation does not exist. For example, one ___ is that the emotion of anger is dangerous and should be avoided at all costs. You can hold this belief whether or not you are experiencing anger.

A

Dysfunctional Beliefs

73
Q

___ is a form of chronic depression, with symptoms less severe but longer lasting than other forms of depression.

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder

74
Q

___ is a procedure, done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. It seems to cause changes in brain chemistry that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental illnesses.

A

Electroconvulsive Therapy

75
Q

___ over the course of at least four days, elevated mood plus three of the following symptoms OR irritable mood plus four of the following symptoms: pressured speech. inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. decreased need for sleep.

A

Hypomanic Episode

76
Q

___ is a time-limited treatment that encourages the patient to regain control of mood and functioning typically lasting 12–16 weeks.

A

Interpersonal Therapy

77
Q

___ a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed. It is thought to be one of the underlying causes of depression.

A

Learned Helplessness

78
Q

___ used as a mood-stabilizing drug, especially for bipolar disorder.

A

Lithium

79
Q

A person who suffers from a ___ must either have a depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities consistently for at least a 2 week period. This mood must represent a change from the person’s normal mood; social, occupational, educational or other important functioning must also be negatively impaired by the change in mood.

A

Major Depressive Episode

80
Q

___ is a subtype of major depression that involves several specific symptoms, including increased appetite or weight gain, sleepiness or excessive sleep, marked fatigue or weakness, moods that are strongly reactive to environmental circumstances, and feeling extremely sensitive to rejection.

A

Major Depressive Episode with Atypical

Features

81
Q

___ is a subset of major depressive disorders that is characterized by severe disturbances in motor function.

A

Major Depressive Episode with

Catatonic Features

82
Q

___ is a type of major depressive episode which includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, plus at least 3 of 6 other designated symptoms

A

Major depressive episode with melancholic features

83
Q

___ is an emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria

A

mania

84
Q

___ is a condition in which a person shows markedly elevated, euphoric, or expensive mood, often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least one week. in addition, at least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms must also occur.

A

manic episode

85
Q

____ is a condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least one week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days

A

mixed episode

86
Q

____ is a class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression.

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

87
Q

____ = delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a person’s mood

A

Mood Congruent

88
Q

____ are disturbances of mood that are intense and frequent enoughto be clearly maladaptive

A

Mood Disorders

89
Q

____ are thoughts that are just below the surface of awareness and that involve unpleasant pessimistic predictions.

A

Negative Automatic Thoughts

90
Q

____ are negative thoughts about the self, the world, the future

A

Negative Cognitive Triad

91
Q

____ this involves long standing depressed mood (2 years or more). The disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression.

A

Persistent Depressive Disorder

92
Q

___ is a cognitive style involving a tendency to make internal, stable, and global attributions for negative life events

A

Pessimistic Attributional Style

93
Q

____ is a pattern of bipolar disorder involving at least four manic or depressive episodes per year

A

Rapid Cycling

94
Q

____ is a new occurrence of a disorder after a remission of symptom.

A

Recurrence

95
Q

___ is a form of major depression where the episodes of depression recur on a regular seasonal basis (fall/winter) but not at other times of the year.

A

Recurrent Major Depressive Episode

with a Seasonal Pattern

96
Q

___ is a return of the symptoms of the disorder after a fairly short period of time

A

relapse

97
Q

___ refers to the process of going over and over in one’s mind or going over a thought repeatedly time and again

A

Rumination

98
Q

____ is a mood disorder involving at least 2 episodes of depression in the past 2 years occuring at the same time of year (most commonly spring)

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder

99
Q

___ is a medication that inhibits serotonin that is used in the treatment of depression

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

100
Q

____ is major depression involving loss of contact with reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations

A

Severe Major Depressive Episode with

Psychotic Features

101
Q

___ are different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes which may help predict the course and preferred treatments for the condition.

A

Specifiers

102
Q

___ = taking one’s own life

A

suicide

103
Q

___ are medications used to treat depression, and sometimes anxiety disorders, that are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the synapse.

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

104
Q

___ is a mood disorder in which a person experiences only depressive episodes, as opposed to bipolar disorder, in which both manic and depressive episodes occur.

A

Unipolar Depressive Disorder

105
Q

___ = in a person with dissociative identity disorder, personalities other than the host personality

A

Alter Identities

106
Q

___ is a pattern in which symptoms of some physical malfunction or loss of control appear without any underlying organic pathology

A

Conversion Disorder

107
Q

___ is the temporary loss of sense of one’s own self and one’s own reality

A

Depersonalization

108
Q

___ is a dissociative disorder in which episodes of depersonalization and derealization becomes persistent and recurrent

A

Depersonalization disorder

109
Q

___ is an experience in which the external world is perceived as distorted and lacking a stable and palpable existence

A

derealization

110
Q

___ is the human mind’s capacity to mediate complex mental activity in channels split off from or independent of conscious awareness.

A

Dissociation

111
Q

___ is psychogenically caused memory failure.

A

Dissociative Amnesia

112
Q

___ are conditions involving a disruption in an individual’s normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, or identity

A

dissociative disorders

113
Q

___ is a dissociative amnesic state in which the person is not only amnesic for some or all aspects of his or her past but also departs from home surroundings

A

Dissociative Fugue

114
Q

___ is a condition in which a person manifests at least 2 or more distinct identities or personality states that alternate in some way in taking control of behavior.

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

115
Q

___ is the feigning of symptoms to maintain the personal benefits that a sick role may provide, including the attention and concern of medical personnel or family members

A

Factitious Disorder

116
Q

___ is a variant of factitious disorder in which a person induces medical or psychological symptoms in another person who is under their care

A

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another

117
Q

___ is the identity in dissociative identity disorder which is most frequently encountered and carries the person’s real name. This is not usually the original identity and it may or may not be the best adjusted identity

A

host identity

118
Q

___ is the preoccupation, based on misinterpretations of bodily symptoms, with the fear that one has a serious disease

A

hypochondriasis

119
Q

___ is an older term used for conversion disorders; involves the appearance of symptoms of organic illness in the absence of any related organic pathology

A

hysteria

120
Q

___ is memory that occurs below the conscious level

A

implicit memory

121
Q

___ perception that occurs below the conscious level

A

implicit perception

122
Q

____ is consciously faking illness or symptoms of disability to achieve some specific non-medical objective

A

malingering

123
Q

___ is the experience of pain of sufficient duration and severity to cause significant life disruption in the absence of medical pathology that would explain it

A

pain disorder

124
Q

___ the view that DID starts from the child’s attempt to cope with an overwhelming sense of hopelessness and powerlessness in the face of repeated traumatic abuse

A

Posttraumatic Theory (of DID)

125
Q

___ = in psychodynamic theory it is the goal achieved by symptoms of conversion disorder by keeping internal intrapsychic conflicts out of awareness. in contemporary terms it is the goal achieved by symptoms of conversion disorder by allowing the person to escape or avoid stressful situations

A

primary gain

126
Q

___ = external circumstances that tend to reinforce the maintenance of disability

A

secondary gain

127
Q

____ is the view that DID develops when a highly suggestible learns to adopt and enact the roles of multiple identities, mostly because clinicians have inadvertently suggested, legitimized, and reinforced them and because these different identities are geared to the individual’s own personal goals

A

Sociocognitive Theory (of DID)

128
Q

____ is the greek word for body

A

soma

129
Q

____ are pertaining to the body

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder

130
Q

___ = multiple complaints, over a long period beginning before age 30, of physical ailments that are inadequately explained by independent findings of physical illness or injury and that lead to medical treatment or to significant life impairment

A

Somatization Disorder

131
Q

____ are conditions involving physiical complaints or disabilities that occur without evidence of physical pathology to account for them

A

somatoform disorders

abnormal psychology (3 decks)

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