Final Exam Flashcards
Sexual Orientation
Who you are attracted to
Sexual Behavior
Who you engage in sexual activity with
Sexual Identity
How you see yourself/what sex you see yourself as
Gender Binary
There are two types of people-either male bodied masculine or female bodied feminine
Doing Gender
Gender is something we do in interaction. We obey and break instructions about how to be masculine and feminine
Socialization
Life long process of learning gender expectations
Intersectionality
Oppressive institutions are interconnected. Gender does not compete with other aspects of identity (might be privileged because of race, but not social class)
-Ex: White, female, and heterosexual
Deviance
Socially disapproved behavior/status/belief
Crime
Deviant behavior that breaks the law
How does something become deviant?
- Expectation: established norm
- Violation of norm
- Reaction to violation
Absolutism
Human behavior falls into 2 categories:
-Inherently good
-Improper, immoral, or evil
(Problems: Often based on stereotypes (minorities), easy to say something is deviant or wrong if…(gay, drug user, etc.)
Relativism
Deviance not inherent in any particular act, belief, or condition (socially constructed)
Primary Deviance
Temporary, trivial, or concealed deviant behavior
>Person doesn’t see themselves as deviant
-Ex: Teepeeing someones house, eating disorder because no one knows about it
Secondary Deviance
Person continues deviant behavior after being caught and labeled
>Accept deviant label, incorporating it into self image
-Ex: People notice your eating disorder and want to help but you accept the disorder
Role Engulfment
Primarily define self through deviant identity
>Accept deviance as their primary status
-Ex: Gang member
Tertiary Deviance
Accept deviant label but reject/transform stigma associated with it
-Ex: Gay rights movement-we shouldn’t see this as bad
Labeling Theory
We become deviant once labeled (by someone in power) as deviant
-Ex: Felon, sex offender, license plate for DUI
>Once labeled, life changes b/c others react (fear)
>Benefit of power helps resist labels (celebrities)
Strain Theory
Deviance increases where there is strain between culturally defined success and access to legitimate ways to achieve success
-Conformist, innovator, ritualist, retreatist, and rebel
Deterrence Theory
Looks at why people don’t commit crimes
-People engage in deviance if they don’t fear punishment
-Concentrates on identifying the most effective punishment
>What is most important for deterring crime: certainty or severity?
Hegemonic Masculinity
Dominant form of masculinity
-Ex: Strong, straight, athletic, bend rules, not working hard at school
Contrived Carelessness
Girls care about grades, boys don’t
Emphasized Femininity
Pressure to look attractive, define self and other females in terms of appearance
>Adaption that men, in general, have more power
>Accept subordinate, supportive, dependent roles
-Ex: Gold digger/trophy wife
Gender
About distinguishing between masculine and feminine, not so much biological, but cultural
-How sociologists think
Conscientious Resistance
Gendered behavior in school = compliance and resistance
-Girls are more likely to be compliant than boys because they care more and boys are more likely to be resistant to the rules and regulations they are supposed to follow in school
Gender Gap
Differences of grades, participation and activeness/caring about school in girls vs boys
Contrived Carelessness
Girls care about grades and guys don’t
Rutter
Unpopular group, stemmed from a group/family didn’t care of themselves physically irritated with rich kids
Lame
Smart “nerdy” group/not being known for something
Conformist
Someone who follows the norms -College student who goes to class and studies
Innovator
Someone who wants to do well, but they find different ways to make it easier
-Cheating in college
Ritualist
Someone who does the minimum amount of work to make ends meet, but they don’t really care
-People who come to class, but do just enough to pass
Retreatist
Someone who doesn't follow norms and doesn't care -Stay in their room and skip class rather than going to class and studying
Rebel
Make new means and new goals
-College student who goes to college just to party or just goes to in order to be able to join a professional sports team
