Exam 2 Flashcards
Socialization
Learning how to act according to a cultures norms and expectations
-Depending on where you live your values and norms could be different
Looking Glass Self
“I am who I think you think I am”
Use others reactions to your visual self to define yourself
Agents of Socialization
Family (Specifically at younger age)
Schools (Teach us basic skills to function in society)
Peers (Strongest influence on short term actions)
Media (T.V., Movies, Magazines)
Anticipatory Socialization
Learning rules/expectations for future positions
-Ex: Playing house at recess
Resocialization
Learn new norms when entering new role
-Ex: All girls school -> co-ed college, middle to high school
Gender Socialization
Different messages are delivered to males than females
-Ex: Boys call other boys “fag” has to do with masculinity, rather than their homosexuality
Total Institutions
Cut off from the rest of the world/wider society (extreme form of socialization)
-Ex: Breaking Amish, joining a convent, prison, army, survivor show
Social Construction of Reality
Process through which we discover, reaffirm, and alter a collective version of the “truth”
- Ex: Earth is the center of the universe, Earth is flat, changes in fashion/what is innapropriate
- Community Leap Day Example
Incorrigible Propositions
Believe something, whether it is probed true or not
Fundamental Attribution Error
Attribute other’s bad behavior to internal factors
-Ex: You were late to work because you are lazy
Actor-observer Bias
Blame external forces for our bad behavior
-Ex: You were late to work because other people don’t know how to drive and cause traffic
Impression Management
Life = interactions where we try to “sell” an image and the goal is social approval
-Ex: Mr. Bean takes a test trying to act like he knows what hes doing
Stigma
Permanent (long term) spoiling of identity; bad reputation
Pluralistic Ignorance
Majority privately reject a norm, incorrectly assume most accept and therefore go along with it
Moral Panic
Occurs when something is mistakenly and disproportionately defined as a threat to societal values and interest
-Ex: Poison Halloween Candy
Stratification
System that ranks groups, perpetuates unequal rewards and outcomes
- Slavery
- Caste
- Estate
- Social Class
Social Class
Group with similar economic position, based on wealth/income
-Upper, middle, lower
Socioeconomic Status
Position based on more than just money
-What else determines your position?
Prestige (status)
Power
Poverty Line
Income each family needs to meet basic needs
-Based on money needed for food for 3 ppl (1960s)
Race
Ancestry/physical characteristics
Ethnicity
Cultural heritage/where your family came from
Ideology of competitive individualism
The idea that no one deserves a free ride and the way to success is to work hard
Those who have more deserve what they earned
Stereotypes
Overgeneralized beliefs that trait characterizes all group members
Discrimination
When prejudice becomes unfair treatment
-Ex: I only date other white people
Personal Racism
Expression of racist attitudes by individuals
Quiet Racism
Less hate, more uneasiness around other groups
-Ex: I’d never discriminate against another race, but locks car doors when in a predominately black neighborhood
Unconscious Bias
Racism invisible to those who perpetuate it
Institutional Racism
Laws/practices that reflect and produce racial inequalities
-Ex: Juries, concentration of minorities in inner-city neighborhoods
Symbolic Ethnicity/Optional Ethnicity
Can claim specific ancestry or just “white” or “American” if you are white ethnic
White Privilege
The privilege of having no color in a majority white society
-Ignoring role
Functions of White Privilege
1) Provides whites with unequal perks
2) Creates significant advantages for white people
3) Shapes the way in which we view the world and the way in which the world views us
Prejudice
Thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group
Condition Equality
Everyone should have an equal starting point
Opportunity Equality
Inequality of condition is okay if everyone has
same opportunities, judged by same
standards
Outcome Equality
Everyone should end up with same “rewards”
regardless of starting point, opportunities,
contributions
Aligning Action
Do something to restore order
Account
Explains behavior as beyond your control, appropriate for the circumstances, or had some positive outcome
-Ex: “But he hit me first”
Disclaimer
Assertion before the facts trying to preserve your identity
-Ex: “No offense, but…”
