Exam 2

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

Learning how to act according to a cultures norms and expectations
-Depending on where you live your values and norms could be different

Question 2

Looking Glass Self

Answer 2

“I am who I think you think I am”

Use others reactions to your visual self to define yourself

Question 3

Agents of Socialization

Answer 3

Family (Specifically at younger age)
Schools (Teach us basic skills to function in society)
Peers (Strongest influence on short term actions)
Media (T.V., Movies, Magazines)

Question 4

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 4

Learning rules/expectations for future positions

-Ex: Playing house at recess

Question 5

Resocialization

Answer 5

Learn new norms when entering new role

-Ex: All girls school -> co-ed college, middle to high school

Question 6

Gender Socialization

Answer 6

Different messages are delivered to males than females

-Ex: Boys call other boys “fag” has to do with masculinity, rather than their homosexuality

Question 7

Total Institutions

Answer 7

Cut off from the rest of the world/wider society (extreme form of socialization)
-Ex: Breaking Amish, joining a convent, prison, army, survivor show

Question 8

Social Construction of Reality

Answer 8

Process through which we discover, reaffirm, and alter a collective version of the “truth”

• Ex: Earth is the center of the universe, Earth is flat, changes in fashion/what is innapropriate
• Community Leap Day Example

Question 9

Incorrigible Propositions

Answer 9

Believe something, whether it is probed true or not

Question 10

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 10

Attribute other’s bad behavior to internal factors

-Ex: You were late to work because you are lazy

Question 11

Actor-observer Bias

Answer 11

Blame external forces for our bad behavior

-Ex: You were late to work because other people don’t know how to drive and cause traffic

Question 12

Impression Management

Answer 12

Life = interactions where we try to “sell” an image and the goal is social approval
-Ex: Mr. Bean takes a test trying to act like he knows what hes doing

Question 13

Stigma

Answer 13

Permanent (long term) spoiling of identity; bad reputation

Question 14

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 14

Majority privately reject a norm, incorrectly assume most accept and therefore go along with it

Question 15

Moral Panic

Answer 15

Occurs when something is mistakenly and disproportionately defined as a threat to societal values and interest
-Ex: Poison Halloween Candy

Question 16

Stratification

Answer 16

System that ranks groups, perpetuates unequal rewards and outcomes

• Slavery
• Caste
• Estate
• Social Class

Question 17

Social Class

Answer 17

Group with similar economic position, based on wealth/income

-Upper, middle, lower

Question 18

Socioeconomic Status

Answer 18

Position based on more than just money
-What else determines your position?
Prestige (status)
Power

Question 19

Poverty Line

Answer 19

Income each family needs to meet basic needs

-Based on money needed for food for 3 ppl (1960s)

Question 20

Race

Answer 20

Ancestry/physical characteristics

Question 21

Ethnicity

Answer 21

Cultural heritage/where your family came from

Question 22

Ideology of competitive individualism

Answer 22

The idea that no one deserves a free ride and the way to success is to work hard
Those who have more deserve what they earned

Question 23

Stereotypes

Answer 23

Overgeneralized beliefs that trait characterizes all group members

Question 24

Discrimination

Answer 24

When prejudice becomes unfair treatment

-Ex: I only date other white people

Question 25

Personal Racism

Answer 25

Expression of racist attitudes by individuals

Question 26

Quiet Racism

Answer 26

Less hate, more uneasiness around other groups

-Ex: I’d never discriminate against another race, but locks car doors when in a predominately black neighborhood

Question 27

Unconscious Bias

Answer 27

Racism invisible to those who perpetuate it

Question 28

Institutional Racism

Answer 28

Laws/practices that reflect and produce racial inequalities

-Ex: Juries, concentration of minorities in inner-city neighborhoods

Question 29

Symbolic Ethnicity/Optional Ethnicity

Answer 29

Can claim specific ancestry or just “white” or “American” if you are white ethnic

Question 30

White Privilege

Answer 30

The privilege of having no color in a majority white society

-Ignoring role

Question 31

Functions of White Privilege

Answer 31

1) Provides whites with unequal perks
2) Creates significant advantages for white people
3) Shapes the way in which we view the world and the way in which the world views us

Question 32

Prejudice

Answer 32

Thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group

Question 33

Condition Equality

Answer 33

Everyone should have an equal starting point

Question 34

Opportunity Equality

Answer 34

Inequality of condition is okay if everyone has
same opportunities, judged by same
standards

Question 35

Outcome Equality

Answer 35

Everyone should end up with same “rewards”
regardless of starting point, opportunities,
contributions

Question 36

Aligning Action

Answer 36

Do something to restore order

Question 37

Account

Answer 37

Explains behavior as beyond your control, appropriate for the circumstances, or had some positive outcome
-Ex: “But he hit me first”

Question 38

Disclaimer

Answer 38

Assertion before the facts trying to preserve your identity

-Ex: “No offense, but…”