Final Exam

Question 1

productivity…

Answer 1

helps defines to some degree our self image and sense of purpose and helps give meaning to life

Question 2

define sedentary

Answer 2

exerting 10 lbs of force occasionally, involves frequent sitting, occasional walking and standing

Question 3

define light

Answer 3

exerting 10 lbs frequently and 20 lbs occasionally

Question 4

define medium

Answer 4

exerting 10 to 25 lbs frequently and 20 to 50 lbs occasionally

Question 5

define heavy

Answer 5

exerting 10 – 20 lb constantly, 25 – 50 lb frequently and 50 – 100 lb occasionally

Question 6

define very heavy

Answer 6

exerting more than 20 lb constantly, 50 lb frequently and 100 or more lb occassionally

Question 7

physical demand frequency

• never
• occassionally
• frequently
• constantly

Answer 7

Never – Activity or condition does not exist
Occasionally – Up to 1/3 of the day
Frequently – ½ to 2/3 of the day
Constantly – 2/3 to full day

Question 8

who often gets musculoskeletal injuries?

Answer 8

common among workers in physical jobs, although office workers can also sustain injuries

Question 9

define Work-relatedness

Answer 9

of the claim needs to be established before a claim is accepted

Question 10

define no time loss claim

Answer 10

worker continues to work but receives treatment if necessary

Question 11

define time loss claim

Answer 11

worker off work, wage loss benefits, treatment costs

Question 12

define functional exercise

Answer 12

related to the job the person is returning to is more relevant and generally more preferred

Question 13

Occupational Rehab I (OR 1)

Answer 13

single discipline

structured, active rehabilitation program focused on return to work through physical and functional conditioning, education, and supported return-to-the workplace

attend the program four days per day, five days a week for a maximum of 30 consecutive business days.

Question 14

Occupational Rehab II (OR 2)

Answer 14

multidisciplinary

multidisciplinary treatment program offered by occupational therapists, physical therapists, psychologists, and physicians.

Workers typically attend the program six hours per day, five days a week to a maximum of 50 consecutive business days.

who may have the presence of a vocational, psychosocial and/or medical barriers

Question 15

Pain Management Programs

Answer 15

complex multidisciplinary

Suitable for persons with persistent chronic pain affecting several aspects of their life including physical and psychological well being, vocation, family

Question 16

Common Work-Related MSK Conditions

Answer 16

Muscular strains
Contusions or lacerations
Lower back pain
Shoulder injuries
Knee or ankle sprains
Fractures
Repetitive strain injuries

Question 17

exercise program terms

• Specific
• General
• Functionally

Answer 17

Specific exercises related to injury
General fitness activities (Work Conditioning)
Functionally related activities (Work Hardening, Work Simulation)

Question 18

prevention programs consist of

Answer 18

Education
Back School
On site Therapy Programs
Fitness and Wellness Programs

Question 19

define self efficacy

Answer 19

belief in one's 
	own abilities - affects 
	everything we do 	
	and every goal we work towards
Self-efficacy is different than self-confidence or self-esteem. It is an expectation of how likely you are to succeed at some specified goal.

Question 20

define kinesophobia

Answer 20

an irrational fear of activity, often related to concern of reinjury

Question 21

define track improvment

Answer 21

positive reinforcement and recognition of change

Question 22

define graded exposure to exercise

Answer 22

provide general activities that work the area indirectly first, then more specific exercises

Question 23

waddell’s sign- Superficial tenderness

Answer 23

skin discomfort on light palpation.

Question 24

waddell’s sign-Nonanatomic tenderness

Answer 24

tenderness crossing multiple anatomic boundaries

Question 25

waddell's sign-Axial loading – eliciting pain when pressing down on the top of the patient’s head.

Answer 25

eliciting pain when pressing down on the top of the patient’s head.

Question 26

waddell's sign-Pain on simulated rotation

Answer 26

rotating the shoulders and pelvis together should not be painful as it does not stretch the structures of the back

Question 27

waddell's sign-Distracted straight leg raise

Answer 27

if a patient complains of pain on straight leg raise, but not if the examiner extends the knee with the patient seated

Question 28

waddell's sign-Regional sensory change

Answer 28

Stocking sensory loss, or sensory loss in an entire extremity or side of the body

Question 29

waddell's sign-Regional weakness

Answer 29

Cogwheel weakness: non-organic weakness will be jerky, with intermittent resistance

Question 30

waddell's sign-Overreaction

Answer 30

Exaggerated painful response to a stimulus, that is not reproduced when the same stimulus is given later

Question 31

what are waddell's signs?

Answer 31

Waddell's signs are a group of physical signs, first described by Waddell et al in 1984, in patients with LBP

Question 32

risk factors for RSI's

Answer 32

``` Awkward postures or positions Cold or vibration Repetition Force Activities involving pinch grip Productivity demands Poor overall fitness level Work stress ```

Question 33

define FCE

Answer 33

functional capacity evaluation

Question 34

FCE components

Answer 34

Repetitive lifting capacity at various levels Repetitive push, pull, and carrying capacities Hand grip strength Tolerance for elevated work Prolonged trunk flexion in sitting and standing Prolonged trunk rotation in sitting and standing

Question 35

RTW barriers-WORKER

Answer 35

``` Pain • Fear of re-injury or relapse • Prolonged inactivity • Job performance anxiety • Failure to communicate with employer/co-workers • Pre-injury job dissatisfaction ```

Question 36

RTW barriers- employer

Answer 36

* Lack of coworker support * No reliable method for tracking injured workers * Failure to communicate with injured worker * Negative workplace climate and low staff morale * Stressors in workplace

Question 37

developmental disorder-Congenital Muscular Torticollis...what is it?

Answer 37

The child’s head is tilted towards the tight sternoceidomastoid muscle and rotated away

Question 38

what is plagiocephaly

Answer 38

Refers to asymmetrical head shapes, also known as positional plagiocephaly

Question 39

what is Talipes Equinovarus

Answer 39

The most common form of club foot in which the foot is plantar flexed and inverted

Question 40

what is Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

Answer 40

Pathology involves inflammation of the epiphysis where the infrapatellar tendon attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Question 41

what is retropatellar pain syndrom

Answer 41

Retropatellar Pain Syndrome commonly occurs in active adolescents and young adults and is thought to be related to overuse, trauma, and/or abnormal alignment of the lower extremities

Question 42

what is the cobbs method?

Answer 42

method of measuring the degree of scoliosis.

Question 43

when the child is in the womb they are...

Answer 43

When in the womb and just born they are c shaped, feet dorsiflexed, hips in a flexion contracture

Question 44

what is the Landau Reaction

Answer 44

able to maintain trunk extension when held horizontally ex:Pushing in prone to extend elbows increases spinal extension and proximal stability

Question 45

3-5 months

Answer 45

functional head control and landeau reaction, reach patterns (hand to mouth), weight shifting from leg to leg, increased body awareness (obect move from hand to hand), log rolling(all in one motion tho)

Question 46

six months

Answer 46

- Increased antigravity and trunk control - Voluntary asymmetric and reciprocal movements are possible - Segmental rolling and belly crawling - Infant develops equilibrium reactions and protective responses - Can sit independently with arm support, and can reach with one arm while supporting with the other arm

Question 47

7-9 months

Answer 47

Can sit unsupported on floor Increased time spent in sitting or quadriped Increased postural stability Increased interaction with environment and motor control Uses upper extremity for manipulation and to pull self to more upright positions Rocking back and forth on all fours, and bear standing

Question 48

10-12 months

Answer 48

Development of lumbar lordosis and postural alignment in standing Climbing is a common activity Sitting control is very dynamic, transitions positions with ease Begins to practice stepping movements in standing, wide stance Some children begin walking at this stage

Question 49

12-18 months

Answer 49

Walking can begin at 9 –16 months Child enjoys walking to objects, squatting and picking them up Central motor pattern develops for automatic stepping (us now) Refined postural control and balance Hand preference begins to emerge, hands can assume asymmetrical roles i.e. taking lid off jar, release of large objects smooth and graded

Question 50

pt goals in infancy

Answer 50

promote symmetry, limit abnormal postures and movements, and facilitates normal motor development

Question 51

pt goals in preschool

Answer 51

achieve independent mobility

Question 52

pt goals in School-Age and Adolescence

Answer 52

limiting secondary effects of impairment and on the promotion of age-appropriate activities

Question 53

cerebral palsy fact and how its diagnosed

Answer 53

CP is the most frequently encountered neurological condition in paediatrics CP is diagnosed when a child does not reach motor milestones and exhibits abnormal muscle tone or qualitative differences in movement patterns such as asymmetry

Question 54

CP- Motor cortex - Spastic:

Answer 54

resistance to passive movement, typically gives way as more pressure is applied

Question 55

CP- Brain Stem– Rigid:

Answer 55

‘stiffness’ is present throughout the ROM

Question 56

CP- Cerebellum - Ataxic (Ataxia):

Answer 56

poor balance/coordination (wide gait), tremor with voluntary movement

Question 57

CP- Basal Ganglia - Athetoid (Athetosis):

Answer 57

repetitive, slow, involuntary movements

Question 58

CP- Generalized - Hypotonia:

Answer 58

low muscle tone, poor strength, decreased ability to hold postures

Question 59

CP- Multiple areas - Mixed:

Answer 59

usually results in spasticity with athetoid movements

Question 60

types of CP

Answer 60

- Spastic– most common, “stiff” or permanently contracted muscles in synergy pattern - Athetoid (or Dyskinetic) – alternating tone with slow, uncontrolled writhing movements - Ataxic- rare form, poor coordination and difficulty with quick or precise movements - Mixed – a child with two or more forms, the most common mixed form is a blend of the spastic and athetoi

Question 61

what is Spastic diplegia

Answer 61

affects the legs more than the arms.

Question 62

what is Hemiplegia

Answer 62

affects one side of the body

Question 63

what is Spastic quadriplegia

Answer 63

all four limbs and the trunk are affected

Question 64

how does botox help with cp

Answer 64

by blocking the release of a substance (Ach) the nerve uses to signal the muscle to contract

Question 65

what is SDR-Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy

Answer 65

is a procedure in which the sensory rootlets from the lower extremity are selectively cut

Question 66

what is spina bifida

Answer 66

a congenital defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord and its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone. It often causes paralysis of the lower limbs, and sometimes mental handicap. A child will with Spina Bifida will have varying degrees of neurological impairment, depending on severity and neurological level involved

Question 67

pt goals for spina bifida

Answer 67

``` Maintain alignment of the extremities and joints Maximize ROM Stabilize the spine and extremities Maximize function Provide comfort Skin protection ```

Question 68

common limitation with kids who have spina bifida

Answer 68

tightness in hip flexors, hip adductors and dorsiflexors or evertors of the ankle

Question 69

The characteristics of levels of spina bifida are important to be aware of as the degree and type of support required can be determined.

Answer 69

Thoracic level – usually need support /seating system to support sitting - spine is rounded L1 L2 : sits slightly better; may need support to sit L3: usually able to sit independently L4 L5: usually able to walk with a walker; require orthotics – A. F. O’s S1 S2 S3: usually walk independently but requires orthotics.

Question 70

muscular dystrophy- duchennes

Answer 70

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness which starts in the legs and pelvis and later affects the whole body. the most common type of muscular dystrophy

Question 71

gower's sign

Answer 71

evidenced through observation of children’s use of their arms to push themselves erect by moving their hands up their thighs due to weakness in proximal muscle groups

Question 72

what is trendelenburg

Answer 72

toe walking, retracting of shoulders and decreased reciprocal arm swing.

Question 73

etiology for kids and tbi's

Answer 73

Infants more than 2/3 of TBI are sustained due to falls. Preschool children TBI are related to falls 55% and MVA 22%. School-age children: MVA 31%, falls 31%, and sports and recreation activities 32%. In adolescents 43% are related to sports and recreation activities.

Question 74

down syndrome

Answer 74

Trisomy 21 (extra chromosome) Low tone, late achieving motor milestones Ligamentous laxity

Question 75

dcd

Answer 75

Developmental Coordination Disorder | General clumsiness, lack of coordination, poor strength

Question 76

examples of yin

Answer 76

``` night dark cold negative passive female ```

Question 77

examples of yang

Answer 77

``` day light warm positive active male ```

Question 78

the 5 element theory

Answer 78

Water, Wood, Fire, Earth, and Metal The Five Elements are symbolic representations of fundamental forces. The most important aspect of these forces is their interactions. Each force has a generative and destructive effect on one another.

Question 79

the generative cycle

Answer 79

Wood burns to make Fire Fire makes ashes, which makes Earth Earth makes Metal, which is from under the ground Metal becomes molten when heated, like Water Water leads to the growth of plants, making Wood

Question 80

the destructice cycle

Answer 80

Wood grows from the soil and depletes its nutrients Earth contains Water in one place and soils its clarity Water extinguishes Fire Fire melts Metal Metal cuts Wood