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PTA 3 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

productivity…

A

helps defines to some degree our self image and sense of purpose and helps give meaning to life

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2
Q

define sedentary

A

exerting 10 lbs of force occasionally, involves frequent sitting, occasional walking and standing

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3
Q

define light

A

exerting 10 lbs frequently and 20 lbs occasionally

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4
Q

define medium

A

exerting 10 to 25 lbs frequently and 20 to 50 lbs occasionally

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5
Q

define heavy

A

exerting 10 – 20 lb constantly, 25 – 50 lb frequently and 50 – 100 lb occasionally

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6
Q

define very heavy

A

exerting more than 20 lb constantly, 50 lb frequently and 100 or more lb occassionally

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7
Q

physical demand frequency

  • never
  • occassionally
  • frequently
  • constantly
A

Never – Activity or condition does not exist
Occasionally – Up to 1/3 of the day
Frequently – ½ to 2/3 of the day
Constantly – 2/3 to full day

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8
Q

who often gets musculoskeletal injuries?

A

common among workers in physical jobs, although office workers can also sustain injuries

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9
Q

define Work-relatedness

A

of the claim needs to be established before a claim is accepted

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10
Q

define no time loss claim

A

worker continues to work but receives treatment if necessary

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11
Q

define time loss claim

A

worker off work, wage loss benefits, treatment costs

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12
Q

define functional exercise

A

related to the job the person is returning to is more relevant and generally more preferred

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13
Q

Occupational Rehab I (OR 1)

A

single discipline

structured, active rehabilitation program focused on return to work through physical and functional conditioning, education, and supported return-to-the workplace

attend the program four days per day, five days a week for a maximum of 30 consecutive business days.

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14
Q

Occupational Rehab II (OR 2)

A

multidisciplinary

multidisciplinary treatment program offered by occupational therapists, physical therapists, psychologists, and physicians.

Workers typically attend the program six hours per day, five days a week to a maximum of 50 consecutive business days.

who may have the presence of a vocational, psychosocial and/or medical barriers

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15
Q

Pain Management Programs

A

complex multidisciplinary

Suitable for persons with persistent chronic pain affecting several aspects of their life including physical and psychological well being, vocation, family

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16
Q

Common Work-Related MSK Conditions

A 
Muscular strains
Contusions or lacerations
Lower back pain
Shoulder injuries
Knee or ankle sprains
Fractures
Repetitive strain injuries
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17
Q

exercise program terms

  • Specific
  • General
  • Functionally
A

Specific exercises related to injury
General fitness activities (Work Conditioning)
Functionally related activities (Work Hardening, Work Simulation)

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18
Q

prevention programs consist of

A

Education
Back School
On site Therapy Programs
Fitness and Wellness Programs

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19
Q

define self efficacy

A 
belief in one's 
	own abilities - affects 
	everything we do 	
	and every goal we work towards
Self-efficacy is different than self-confidence or self-esteem. It is an expectation of how likely you are to succeed at some specified goal.
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20
Q

define kinesophobia

A

an irrational fear of activity, often related to concern of reinjury

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21
Q

define track improvment

A

positive reinforcement and recognition of change

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22
Q

define graded exposure to exercise

A

provide general activities that work the area indirectly first, then more specific exercises

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23
Q

waddell’s sign- Superficial tenderness

A

skin discomfort on light palpation.

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24
Q

waddell’s sign-Nonanatomic tenderness

A

tenderness crossing multiple anatomic boundaries

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25
Q

waddell’s sign-Axial loading – eliciting pain when pressing down on the top of the patient’s head.

A

eliciting pain when pressing down on the top of the patient’s head.

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26
Q

waddell’s sign-Pain on simulated rotation

A

rotating the shoulders and pelvis together should not be painful as it does not stretch the structures of the back

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27
Q

waddell’s sign-Distracted straight leg raise

A

if a patient complains of pain on straight leg raise, but not if the examiner extends the knee with the patient seated

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28
Q

waddell’s sign-Regional sensory change

A

Stocking sensory loss, or sensory loss in an entire extremity or side of the body

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29
Q

waddell’s sign-Regional weakness

A

Cogwheel weakness: non-organic weakness will be jerky, with intermittent resistance

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30
Q

waddell’s sign-Overreaction

A

Exaggerated painful response to a stimulus, that is not reproduced when the same stimulus is given later

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31
Q

what are waddell’s signs?

A

Waddell’s signs are a group of physical signs, first described by Waddell et al in 1984, in patients with LBP

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32
Q

risk factors for RSI’s

A 
Awkward postures or positions
Cold or vibration
Repetition 
Force
Activities involving pinch grip
Productivity demands
Poor overall fitness level
Work stress
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33
Q

define FCE

A

functional capacity evaluation

34
Q

FCE components

A

Repetitive lifting capacity at various levels
Repetitive push, pull, and carrying capacities
Hand grip strength
Tolerance for elevated work
Prolonged trunk flexion in sitting and standing
Prolonged trunk rotation in sitting and standing

35
Q

RTW barriers-WORKER

A 
Pain 
• Fear of re-injury or relapse 
• Prolonged inactivity 
• Job performance anxiety 
• Failure to communicate with employer/co-workers 
• Pre-injury job dissatisfaction
36
Q

RTW barriers- employer

A
  • Lack of coworker support
  • No reliable method for tracking injured workers
  • Failure to communicate with injured worker
  • Negative workplace climate and low staff morale
  • Stressors in workplace
37
Q

developmental disorder-Congenital Muscular Torticollis…what is it?

A

The child’s head is tilted towards the tight sternoceidomastoid muscle and rotated away

38
Q

what is plagiocephaly

A

Refers to asymmetrical head shapes, also known as positional plagiocephaly

39
Q

what is Talipes Equinovarus

A

The most common form of club foot in which the foot is plantar flexed and inverted

40
Q

what is Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

A

Pathology involves inflammation of the epiphysis where the infrapatellar tendon attaches to the tibial tuberosity

41
Q

what is retropatellar pain syndrom

A

Retropatellar Pain Syndrome commonly occurs in active adolescents and young adults and is thought to be related to overuse, trauma, and/or abnormal alignment of the lower extremities

42
Q

what is the cobbs method?

A

method of measuring the degree of scoliosis.

43
Q

when the child is in the womb they are…

A

When in the womb and just born they are c shaped, feet dorsiflexed, hips in a flexion contracture

44
Q

what is the Landau Reaction

A

able to maintain trunk extension when held horizontally

ex:Pushing in prone to extend elbows increases spinal extension and proximal stability

45
Q

3-5 months

A

functional head control and landeau reaction, reach patterns (hand to mouth), weight shifting from leg to leg, increased body awareness (obect move from hand to hand), log rolling(all in one motion tho)

46
Q

six months

A
  • Increased antigravity and trunk control
  • Voluntary asymmetric and reciprocal movements are possible
  • Segmental rolling and belly crawling
  • Infant develops equilibrium reactions and protective responses
  • Can sit independently with arm support, and can reach with one arm while supporting with the other arm
47
Q

7-9 months

A

Can sit unsupported on floor
Increased time spent in sitting or quadriped
Increased postural stability
Increased interaction with environment and motor control
Uses upper extremity for manipulation and to pull self to more upright positions
Rocking back and forth on all fours, and bear standing

48
Q

10-12 months

A

Development of lumbar lordosis and postural alignment in standing
Climbing is a common activity
Sitting control is very dynamic, transitions positions with ease
Begins to practice stepping movements in standing, wide stance
Some children begin walking at this stage

49
Q

12-18 months

A

Walking can begin at 9 –16 months
Child enjoys walking to objects, squatting and picking them up
Central motor pattern develops for automatic stepping (us now)
Refined postural control and balance
Hand preference begins to emerge, hands can assume asymmetrical roles i.e. taking lid off jar, release of large objects smooth and graded

50
Q

pt goals in infancy

A

promote symmetry, limit abnormal postures and movements, and facilitates normal motor development

51
Q

pt goals in preschool

A

achieve independent mobility

52
Q

pt goals in School-Age and Adolescence

A

limiting secondary effects of impairment and on the promotion of age-appropriate activities

53
Q

cerebral palsy fact and how its diagnosed

A

CP is the most frequently encountered neurological condition in paediatrics

CP is diagnosed when a child does not reach motor milestones and exhibits abnormal muscle tone or qualitative differences in movement patterns such as asymmetry

54
Q

CP- Motor cortex - Spastic:

A

resistance to passive movement, typically gives way as more pressure is applied

55
Q

CP- Brain Stem– Rigid:

A

‘stiffness’ is present throughout the ROM

56
Q

CP- Cerebellum - Ataxic (Ataxia):

A

poor balance/coordination (wide gait), tremor with voluntary movement

57
Q

CP- Basal Ganglia - Athetoid (Athetosis):

A

repetitive, slow, involuntary movements

58
Q

CP- Generalized - Hypotonia:

A

low muscle tone, poor strength, decreased ability to hold postures

59
Q

CP- Multiple areas - Mixed:

A

usually results in spasticity with athetoid movements

60
Q

types of CP

A
  • Spastic– most common, “stiff” or permanently contracted muscles in synergy pattern
  • Athetoid (or Dyskinetic) – alternating tone with slow, uncontrolled writhing movements
  • Ataxic- rare form, poor coordination and difficulty with quick or precise movements
  • Mixed – a child with two or more forms, the most common mixed form is a blend of the spastic and athetoi
61
Q

what is Spastic diplegia

A

affects the legs more than the arms.

62
Q

what is Hemiplegia

A

affects one side of the body

63
Q

what is Spastic quadriplegia

A

all four limbs and the trunk are affected

64
Q

how does botox help with cp

A

by blocking the release of a substance (Ach) the nerve uses to signal the muscle to contract

65
Q

what is SDR-Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy

A

is a procedure in which the sensory rootlets from the lower extremity are selectively cut

66
Q

what is spina bifida

A

a congenital defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord and its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone. It often causes paralysis of the lower limbs, and sometimes mental handicap.

A child will with Spina Bifida will have varying degrees of neurological impairment, depending on severity and neurological level involved

67
Q

pt goals for spina bifida

A 
Maintain alignment of the extremities and joints
Maximize ROM
Stabilize the spine and extremities
Maximize function
Provide comfort 
Skin protection
68
Q

common limitation with kids who have spina bifida

A

tightness in hip flexors, hip adductors and dorsiflexors or evertors of the ankle

69
Q

The characteristics of levels of spina bifida are important to be aware of as the degree and type of support required can be determined.

A

Thoracic level – usually need support /seating system to support sitting
- spine is rounded
L1 L2 : sits slightly better; may need support to sit
L3: usually able to sit independently
L4 L5: usually able to walk with a walker; require orthotics – A. F. O’s
S1 S2 S3: usually walk independently but requires orthotics.

70
Q

muscular dystrophy- duchennes

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness which starts in the legs and pelvis and later affects the whole body.

the most common type of muscular dystrophy

71
Q

gower’s sign

A

evidenced through observation of children’s use of their arms to push themselves erect by moving their hands up their thighs due to weakness in proximal muscle groups

72
Q

what is trendelenburg

A

toe walking, retracting of shoulders and decreased reciprocal arm swing.

73
Q

etiology for kids and tbi’s

A

Infants more than 2/3 of TBI are sustained due to falls.
Preschool children TBI are related to falls 55% and MVA 22%.
School-age children: MVA 31%, falls 31%,
and sports and recreation activities 32%.
In adolescents 43% are related to sports and recreation activities.

74
Q

down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21 (extra chromosome)
Low tone, late achieving motor milestones
Ligamentous laxity

75
Q

dcd

A

Developmental Coordination Disorder

General clumsiness, lack of coordination, poor strength

76
Q

examples of yin

A 
night
dark
cold
negative 
passive
female
77
Q

examples of yang

A 
day
light
warm
positive
active
male
78
Q

the 5 element theory

A

Water, Wood, Fire, Earth, and Metal

The Five Elements are symbolic representations of fundamental forces. The most important aspect of these forces is their interactions. Each force has a generative and destructive effect on one another.

79
Q

the generative cycle

A

Wood burns to make Fire
Fire makes ashes, which makes Earth
Earth makes Metal, which is from under the ground
Metal becomes molten when heated, like Water
Water leads to the growth of plants, making Wood

80
Q

the destructice cycle

A

Wood grows from the soil and depletes its nutrients
Earth contains Water in one place and soils its clarity
Water extinguishes Fire
Fire melts Metal
Metal cuts Wood

PTA 3 (2 decks)

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