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DI 2 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Drug addicts are prone to infections by unusual organisms and unusual sites. Where and what are they?

A

“S” joints-spine, sacroiliac, symphysis pubis and sternoclavicular
Salmonella is the mechanism

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2
Q

Most common mode of infection is what?

A

staphylococcus aureus (90%)

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3
Q

What is the most common route of dissemination?

A

hematogenous

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4
Q

Growth plates inhibit what kind of spread?

A

hematogenous

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5
Q

Where is the most common location of infection?

A

knee

hip, ankle(distal tibia), shoulder and spine

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6
Q

What are the two major categories of infection?

A

suppurative (pus)-staph

non-suppurative-TB**

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7
Q

What is a bone marrow infection by (pyogenic) non-tubercular organism (anything but TB)?

A

suppurative osteomyelitis (from staph. aureus)

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8
Q

What are the four radiographic stages of infection in the bone?

A

latent (hidden): 1-10 days
early stage: 10-21 days
middle stage: weeks
late stage: months

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9
Q

What is the name given to chalky, white area representing isolated dead bone?

A

sequestrum (like nidus of osteoid osteoma)

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10
Q

What is the name given to a “bony collar”-chronic periosteal response-pus lifts the periosteum and causes new bone formation, trying to wall off the infection?

A

involucrum

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11
Q

Rare complication is to develop a squamous cell carcinoma within the channel of the cloaca; the ulcerative channel with malignant transformation has been called what?

A

Mariolin’s ulcer

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12
Q

What is the name given to a localized, aborted form of suppurative osteomyelitis with localized pain that is worse at night (mimics osteoid osteoma)? located in the metaphyseal, especially distal tibia

A

Brodie’s abscess (OO are 1cm)

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13
Q

Name the lytic distraction that crosses joint space?

A

septic arthritis

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14
Q

What should the tear drop distance be?

A

should not be >11mm and

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15
Q

On a T1 weighted MRI, osteomyelitis will have what kind of intensity?

A

decreased signal intensity

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16
Q

On a T2 weight MRI, osteomyelitis will have what kind of intensity?

A

increased signal intensity

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17
Q

What is the most common treatment for infection?

A

antibiotics or surgery

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18
Q

Name the non-suppurative osteomyelitis and it’s AKA.

A

Pott’s disease (TB of the spine)

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of infection-related death worldwide?

A

Tuberculosis (non-suppurative osteomyelitis)

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20
Q

What is called the “king of disease” because no one is spared?

A

tuberculosis

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21
Q

Where does secondary tuberculosis most commonly occur?

A

in the spine-specifically the TL junction

22
Q

What is the name give to the acute angular change is the spine due to TB?

A

Gibbous formation

23
Q

Tuberculosis can cause septic arthritis, what is the name of the triad and where are the three most common involved issues?

A

Phemister’s triad

juxtarticular osteoporosis, marginal erosions, and slow joint space loss

24
Q

Where are the most common spots of AVN?

A

epiphyseal predisposition (especially femur and humeral head)

25
Q

What is the most common category of AVN?

A

spontaneous idiopathic

26
Q

If an AVN was not treated, it would take how long to heal?

A

2-8 years

27
Q

What phase of AVN included growth alteration; epiphyseal growth slows or stops and articular cartilage continues?

A

avascular phase

28
Q

Deposition occurs and new bone is deposited directly on dead bone, thickening the trabeculation and increasing bone density happens in the revascularization phase and it referred to as?

A

creeping substitution

29
Q

What are the hallmark signs of an AVN?

A

Rim and crescent sign

30
Q

What is the name given to AVN of an adult femoral head?

A

Chandler’s disease (4:1 males)

31
Q

Varying degrees of sclerosis and cystic radiolucencies is called?

A

mottled bone density (AVN)

32
Q

What are the signs of AVN?

A

snow cap sign, crescent/rim sign, mushroom deformity, hanging rope sign

33
Q

MRI scans demonstrate a loss of marrow signal, particularly on the T1-weighted scan-what is this?

A

AVN

34
Q

What is the name given to an AVN of the femoral capital epiphysis before closure?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (boys 5:1)

-increased tear drop distance

35
Q

These have unknown etiology, represents a focal subchondral infarction of sub-articular bone. The necrotic bone may heal spontaneously or become a free floating fragment separated from the parent bone.

A

osteochondritis dissecans

36
Q

Where is the most common location of osteochondritis dissecans?

A

knee-medial femoral condyle close to fossa, lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle

37
Q

On an x-ray, this pathology looks like a lesion at the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle.

A

osteochondritis dissecans

38
Q

What pathology has localized pain, tenderness and soft tissue swelling over the tibial tubercle and is diagnosed clinically?

A

osgood schlatter’s disease (MC in males)

39
Q

Freiberg’s disease is more common in which sex?

A

females (“F” for females)

40
Q

Individuals involved in manual labor get this pathology and it is more common in 20-40 year old men than women?

A

Kienbock’s disease

41
Q

This pathology involves the tarsal navicular and is questionable to be a vascular insufficiency or a normal variant.

A

Kholer’s disease

42
Q

This pathology has an etiology that is in question but probably does not represent a necrosis. It is usually seen in teens with chronic low back pain, deformity and early DDD.

A

Scheuermann’s disease

-AKA Juvenile Discogenic Disease

43
Q

Must be three contiguous vertebra to be diagnosed this?

A

Scheuermann’s disease

44
Q

What is the ddx of calcified medullary infarcts?

A

enchondroma and chondrosarcoma

45
Q

Sickle cell anemia patients are more prone to this kind of poisoning?

A

salmonella

46
Q

Osteopenia is commonly seen on radiographs in this disease?

A

sickle cell anemia

47
Q

“H” vertebrae (Lincoln log vertebrae) and Reynold’s phenomenon are all associated with?

A

sickle cell anemia

48
Q

What is another name for thalassemia?

A

Cooley’s anemia

49
Q

Erlenmeyer flask deformity is associate with?

A

thalassemia

50
Q

Hemophilia is most commonly found where?

A

in the knee

51
Q

Radiolucent submetaphyseal bands are seen with?

A

leukemia, scurvy, neuroblastoma, syphilis and sever systemic disease

DI 2 (6 decks)

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