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Buddhism > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Three Marks of Experience/Existence

A

Impermanence, non-self, and suffering

Annica, anatta, and dukkha

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2
Q

Three Jewels/Gems/Refuges

A

Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha

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3
Q

Threefold Path

A

Ethics, Meditation, and Wisdom

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4
Q

Four Noble Truths

A

Suffering, the cause (thirsting/craving), cessation, and the path to cessation
Dukkha, Trishna, Cessation, and Path

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5
Q

Five Precepts

A

Against killing, theft, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxication

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6
Q

Shakyamuni Buddha

A

“The Founder of Buddhism”

6th century BCE

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7
Q

Samsara

A

The recurring cycle of death and rebirth under the control of ignorance and fraught with suffering

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8
Q

Nirvana

A

The state of complete liberation from samsara

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9
Q

Bodhi

A

Awakening

The understanding possessed by a Buddha regarding the true nature of things

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10
Q

Dukkha

A

Suffering

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11
Q

Buddha

A

Awakened one

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12
Q

Dharma

A

Spiritual teachings

The Truth taught by the Buddha

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13
Q

Sangha

A

Spiritual community

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14
Q

Vajrayana/Tantra Buddhism

A

The Tantric Buddhist tradition of India and Tibet

Began around 6th century CE

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15
Q

Dhyana

A

The practice of mind control by which we stop all thinking and seek to realize Truth in its essence

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16
Q

Chan

A

“Meditation”

A school of Mahayana Buddhism developed in China from the 6th century CE onwards

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17
Q

Zen

A

A school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as Chan

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18
Q

Mappo

A

The age that is supposed to begin 2,000 years after Sakyamuni Buddha’s passing and last for “10,000 years”
Era of Decline

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19
Q

Dao

A

“Way”, “path”, or “principle”

Dharma

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20
Q

Wei Wu-Wei

A

Nirvana

“The action of non-action”

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21
Q

Confucianism

A

A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius

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22
Q

Daoism

A

A philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao
China before Chan

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23
Q

Dogen

A

A Japanese Buddhist priest who founded the Soto school of Zen in Japan
1200-1253 CE

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24
Q

Bodhidharma

A

A Buddhist monk who lived during the 5th or 6th century who brought Chan to China

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25
Q

Mandala

A

A circular diagram symbolic of the entire universe

26
Q

Deity yoga

A

The tantric practice of generating oneself in the form of a meditational deity with purified surroundings

27
Q

Yogacara

A

Final, definitive understanding

28
Q

Vajra

A

A Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond; a weapon which is used as a ritual object to symbolize both the properties of a diamond (indestructibility) and a thunderbolt (irresistible force)

29
Q

Bodhicitta

A

A spontaneous wish to attain enlightenment motivated by great compassion for all sentient beings
“Heart-mind of awakening”

30
Q

Mantra

A

Protection of the mind; Sanskrit syllables recited in conjunction with the practice of a particular meditational deity and embodying the qualities of that deity

31
Q

Lotus Sutra

A

One of the most important texts in Mahayana Buddhism, significant particularly in China and Japan and given special veneration by the Nichiren sect.
Earliest part dates to between 1st century BCE and 1st century CE
Buddha’s last teaching
Evil people and women can gain enlightenment

32
Q

Nalanda

A

North Indian monastic university

33
Q

Arhat

A

Guardians of Buddhism

16, 18, or 500 in number

34
Q

Bodhisattva

A

One whose spiritual practice is directed toward the achievement of enlightenment; one who possesses the compassionate motive of bodhichitta
A buddha’s past lives

35
Q

Upaya

A

A term used in Mahayana Buddhism to refer to an aspect of guidance along the path to nirvana where a conscious, voluntary action is driven by an incomplete reasoning about its direction
“Skill in means”

36
Q

Tathagata

A

“One who has thus gone”

37
Q

Tathagata-garbha

A

A buddha within

The in-dwelling buddha

38
Q

Cosmology

A

Universe is infinite
Buddhas are everywhere
The opportunity for buddhas is everywhere

39
Q

Soteriology

A

Theory of liberation/salvation

Conception of the goal (nirvana)

40
Q

Buddhology

A

At first to be emulated; later an object of devotion

Arhats and solitary buddhas, once thought of as awakened now seen as provisional steps en route to Buddhahood

41
Q

Buddha-anusmrti

A

Recollection of the Buddha

42
Q

Three Turnings of the Wheel

A

Thesis (dharmas)
Antithesis (emptiness)
Synthesis

43
Q

Abhidharma

A

Ancient (3rd century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras

44
Q

Shunyata

A

Emptiness

The absence of independent self-existence among phenomena

45
Q

Vipassana

A

“Insight”
Mindful awareness of impermanence
Contemplation of the Buddha

46
Q

Puja

A

The act of worship

47
Q

Bodhgaya

A

Location of the Buddha’s awakening

48
Q

Jataka

A

Births

49
Q

The Wheel of Life

A

The “Three Poisons”
Two orders of conditionality
Six realms of existence
Twelve-fold chain of cause and condition

50
Q

The “Three Poisons”

A

Greed (the rooster)
Hatred (the snake)
Delusion (the pig)

51
Q

Two Orders of Conditionality

A

Ascending and descending

52
Q

Six Realms of Existence

A 
Gods
Titans
Humans
Animals
Hungry ghosts
Denizens of hell realms
53
Q

Twelve-fold Chain of Cause and Condition

A 
Ignorance 
Predispositions
Consciousness
"Name-and-form"
Six sensory faculties
Contact
Feeling
Craving
Grasping
Becoming
Rebirth
Old age and death
54
Q

Key Characteristics of Mahayana

A 
Expansiveness
Universality 
Literature
Cosmology
Buddhology 
Soteriology 
Doctrines
Methodology
55
Q

Tantra

A

Interwoven nature of all experience/reality

56
Q

Pure Land Buddhism

A

The East Asian school centered on devotional practice directed toward in the Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha

57
Q

Chan or Zen Buddhism

A

The East Asian school centered on meditative practice

Began in 4th-5th century CE

58
Q

Nichiren

A

Japanese school emphasizing Mappo and importance of the Lotus Sutra

59
Q

Phase Three Diversity

A

Focusing on the Technical Dimension

Nichren, Pure Land, Zen, and Vajrayana

60
Q

Early Conservative Buddhism

A

400 BCE-100 CE

Focusing on the Developmental Dimension

61
Q

The Mahayana Revitalization

A

0 BCE-500 CE

Focusing on the Relational Dimension

Buddhism (2 decks)

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