final exam! Flashcards
what disease processes of the lungs are considered destructive?
Bronchiectasis
COPD
Cystic fibrosis (early stages)
Emphysema
what anatomy is best demonstrated on the medial obi elbow?
coronoid process
what anatomy is best demonstrated on the lateral obi elbow?
radial head and neck
what type of joint is the elbow joint?
ginglymus hinge type
what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
trochoidal or pivot type
what type of joint is the scapulohumeral joint?
speroidal or ball and socket, diarthroidal, synovial
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
gliding, diarthroidal, synovial
what type of joint is the ankle?
ginglymus hinge type, diarthroidal
what are the two joints of the knee and what are their types?
femorotibial-bycondylar
patellofemoral-sellar or saddle
what must you do when an elbow cannot be straightened out?
obtain two radiographs- one with the humerus parallel to the IR and one with the forearm parallel to the IR, CR directed at mid elbow joint
describe the Jones method?
done when patient cannot fully extend hand. Obtain 2 radiographs, one with CR perpendicular to the humerus and one with the CR perpendicular to the forearm
describe the coyle method:
trauma axial lateral elbow, one projection to demonstrate radial head and one projection to demonstrate coronoid process
what are the routine projections for demonstrating the AC joints?
AP bilateral with weights and AP bilateral without weights- CR to midpoint between AC joints, 1” above jugular notch; 14x7; Rule out fracture of the shoulder 1st
describe the transthoracic lateral humerus trauma view
Patient erect or supine
Place patient in lateral position with side of interest against IR
Affected side against the upright bucky
place affected arm at patients side, drop shoulder; raise opposite arm & place hand over top of head
CR directed to the surgical neck of the affected side, arm neutral- Use a breathing technique.
in a true AP ankle which malleoli will be more distal?
lateral malleoli
what are the differences between the male and female pelvis?
Male: more narrow, oval shaped, angle of pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
Female: more broad, round shaped, angle of pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
how do you find the hip joint?
1-draw a line between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis-drop down 1 ½” from the middle of the line to locate the femoral head-drop down 2 ½” from the middle of the line to locate the femoral neck
2-Locate the ASIS and come medially 1-2”-drop down 3-4” to locate the femoral neck
describe the Modified Axiolateral-Clements Nakayama Method
done in the case of bilateral trauma. Lateral oblique views of acetabulum, femoral head & neck and trochanteric area
describe the Danelius miller method
lateral view for fx or dislocation of hip.entire femoral head & neck, trochanter & acetabulum
X Table lateral
describe the greater or false pelvis
lared portion, ala or wings of ilium, form lateral and posterior limits-abdominal muscles of the anterior wall define the anterior limit-lower abdominal organs and fetus in a pregnant uterus rest on the floor of the greater pelvis
describe the lesser or true pevis:
inferior to the pelvic brim-a cavity completely surrounded by bony structures-size and shape important during birthing process because true pelvis forms the birth canal
what does ERCP stand for?!!!
endoscopic retrograde choleangiopancreatography
describe the t tube procedure
Perform to: Visualize any residual or previously undetected choleliths; evaluate the status of the biliary duct system; demonstrate small lesions, strictures or dilations within the biliary ducts
- If surgeon suspects residual stones a T-tube placed in common bile duct during surgery and extending outside body
Contrast media injected into T-tube catheter
describe the ERCP procedure:
Endoscopic inspection, cannulation, and injection of biliary ducts with the use of a duodenoscope
Examination of the biliary and the main pancreatic ducts
An endoscope is inserted into the duodenum through the mouth, esophagus and stomach following administration of anesthetic to patients throat- which allows for visualization of internal lining of the duodenum and locate the duodenal papilla
Patient remain NPO for 1 hour or more after exam to prevent aspiration
what therapeutic procedures can be performed during an ERCP?
- sphincterotomy
- stone removal
- duct dilation and stenting
what is a cholecystocholangiogram?
study of both gall bladder and biliary ducts
what is a cholangiogram?
study of biliary ducts
what is a cholecystectomy?
surgical removal of gall bladder
what is the most common biliary abnormality?
cholelithiasis-gall stones
what position best demonstrates the esophagus?
RAO-places it between the trachea and heart shadow
where is the barium in the stomach when the patient is supine, prone and errect?
supine- fundus
prone- body and pylorus
errect-pylourus
where is the barium in the intestines when the patient is supine or prone?
supine-accending and deccending colon
prone- transverse and sigmoid colon
what is gastric carcinoma?
stomach neoplasm
what is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
gastric obstruction in infants
what is an ulcer?
erosions of the stomach or duodenal mucosa caused by excessive gastric secretions, stress, diet and smoking
what is a peptic ulcer?
ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum-caused by the action of acid gastric juice
what is a defacating proctogram?
functional study of the anus and the rectum during the evacuation and rest phases of defacation
what is the patient prep for the defacating proctogram?
soap suds enemas 2 hours prior to exam
what are the indications of a defacating proctogram?
o demonstrate rectoceles, rectal intussesception and prolapse of the rectum
what does the RAO and LPO BE positions demonstrate?
right colic (hepatic) flexure
what does the LAO and RPO BE positions demonstrate?
left colic (splenic) flexure
what is an arthrogram?
Radiography of a synovial joint & related soft tissue structure w/ contrast media
what structures are visualized on an arthrogram?
Demonstrates Soft tissue structures of joint: menisci, ligaments, cartilage, bursae
what joints is an arthrogram performed on?
knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, elbow, wrist, and TMJ
