Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Positioning Lecture Material > C T L Spine Sacrum Coccyx SI Joints Myelogram & Bone Densitometry > Flashcards

C T L Spine Sacrum Coccyx SI Joints Myelogram & Bone Densitometry Flashcards

1
Q

What anatomy is best demonstrated on oblique views of the cervical spine?

A

Intervertebral foramina, located 45 degrees from MSP. Must use 15 degree cephalic or caudal angle depending on which oblique it is to open up the foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What anatomy is best demonstrated on a lateral view of the cervical spine?

A

Cervical zygopophyseal joints (2nd-7th, the 1st and 2nd are visualized only on an AP) located 90 degrees from MSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What anatomy is best demonstrated on an LPO or RPO of the thoracic spine?

A

Thoracic zygapophyseal joints on side UP!!! Patient must be obliqued 70-75 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What anatomy is best demonstrated on a lateral view of the thoracic spine?

A

Intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is best demonstrated on the open mouth Odontoid?

A

Atlas, axis, dens, and C1-C2 zygopophyseal joint space opened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is the swimmers performed and what does it demonstrate?

A

Performed to demonstrate C7-T1 when they are not visible on the routine lateral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the names for a recumbent swimmers and an upright swimmers?

A

Recumbent- palow

Upright- twining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name and describe the primary curves?

A
  • thoracic and sacral
  • formed shortly after birth
  • convex (posterior) or kyphotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the first compensatory curve:

A
  • develops in cervical region as baby lifts head and sits up

- concave (posteriorly) or lordotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the second compensatory curve:

A
  • develops in the lumbar region when children learn to walk

- concave (posteriorly) or lordotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lordosis?

A

describes the normal posterior concavity of the lumbar and cervical spine, but also describes abnormally increased sway back curvature of lumbar spine. “bent backwards”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

describes an abnormal or exaggerated humpback curvature of the thoracic spine with increased convexity posteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

abnormal exaggerated lateral curvature S shaped spine. often seen in ages 10-14, may cause deformity of the entire thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the protocol for a patient with cervical spine trauma?

A

patient should not be moved until a cross table lateral C-spine film has been obtained and cleared by a physician. do not move head or neck, or remove c-collar!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the clay shovelers fracture:

A
  • caused by hyper flexion of the neck
  • results in avulsion fracture on the spinous processes of C6 thru T1
  • best demonstrated on lateral c-spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe hangman’s fracture:

A
  • occurs with severe hyperextension
  • extends thru the pedicles of C2 with or without subluxation of C2 or C3
  • dens is pressed against brain stem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a jeffersons fracture?

A

anterior and posterior arches of C1 splinter due to impact of the skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the teardrop burst fracture:

A

vertebral body is comminuted with triangular fragments displaced into the spinal canal. high probability that it will result in quadriplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define osteoporosis:

A

When normal bone tissue atrophies causing holes in the bone causing it to weaken. It develops over time and is asymptomatic

20
Q

What does BMD and ROI stand for?

A

bone mineral density

region of interest

21
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
  • women (white or asian, thin framed, older)
  • previous fx, or family history of hip fx
  • smoking
  • hormone level
  • premature menopause, amenorrhea
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • chronic steroid use
  • Poor vision, disability
  • vitamin D defficiency
22
Q

what are the routine bone densitometry projections?

A

L Spine and both hips

23
Q

What is the alternate projection for BD and when would it be used?

A

-If the pt has had surgery to the spine/has scolliosis/has compression fx, a PA forearm can be used instead of the L spine
-can be done normally if one hip is good but if neither hips can be scanned then do a PA forearm in place of the hip
.-

24
Q

What is a T score and what is it for normal bone versus osteoporosis?

A
  • Compares the pt w/ an average, young healthy individual with peak bone mass
  • normal=above -1
  • osteoporosis=below -2.5
25
Q

describe the procedure for the L spine scan:

A

Pt supine legs flexed

  • ROI is L1-L4
  • Scan L5S1 -T12
  • if abnormality is found then it should be deleted
26
Q

describe the procedure for the hip scan:

A
  • Pt supine legs extended, legs internally rotated w/ feet wrapped around support
  • scan should include femoral head and neck, greater trochanter, and 1.5” of femur
  • if only 1 hip is being done it should be on the pt non dominant side
27
Q

What is myelography?

A

Radiologic exam of the CNS structures situated within the vertebral canal. may be performed of C T or L spine

28
Q

Why is myelography performed?

A
  • To demonstrate spinal cord compression

- to asses disk diseases in patients who can’t have an MRI

29
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin and end?

A

Begins at the medulla oblongata of the brain and ends at the L1 L2 disk space.

30
Q

What is the myelographic significance of where it ends?

A

It is important bc the puncture is made below the spinal cord proper.

31
Q

What is the importance os the subarachnoid space?

A

It contains the cerebrospinal fluid and it is the area that the spinal needle is introduced to inject contrast into the spinal canal.

32
Q

At what level is the spinal puncture made?

A

L2L3 or L3L4

33
Q

What supplies are necessary for a myelogram?

A

myelogram tray, spinal needles, contrast media

34
Q

Why is the pt asked to hyperextend neck during a myelogram?

A

to prevent contrast from entering the brain

35
Q

What films are usually performed following a lumbar myelogram? Cervical?

A

XTL and PA for both

36
Q

What type of contrast is used for myelography?

A

Non ionic, water soluble, intrathecal approved.

37
Q

What anatomy is demonstrated on the lateral L spine?

A

intervertebral foramina

38
Q

What anatomy is demonstrated on a 30-60 degree LPO or RPO L spine?

A

Zygapophyseal joint on side DOWN!

39
Q 
Define all the anatomical parts of the scotty dog on an oblique L-spine: 
Nose
Eye
Neck
Ear
Leg
A 
Nose-transverse process
Eye-pedicle
Neck-pars interarticularis
Ear-superior articular process
Leg-inferior articular process
***Dog is facing down on RPO/LPO
40
Q

What is the routine for a scoliosis series?

A

PA/AP
Lateral
AP right and left bending

41
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

A
  • inflammatory arthritis
  • begins with the SI joints and progresses up the vertebral column.
  • Spine becomes rigid as intervertebral and costovertebral joints fuse
  • Most common in men ages 17 and 35.
  • Chronic condition causing pain and stiffness
42
Q

What is a chance fracture?

A

hyper flexion of the L spine. Often from a lap seat belt

43
Q

What is herniated nucleus pulposus?

A

herniated slipped disk

44
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

congenital, posterior aspects of the vertebra do not develop exposing part of the spinal cord. Occurs most often at L-5. Varies in severity.

45
Q

What anatomy is demonstrated on posterior oblique views of the SI joints?

A

LPO/RPO SI Joints demonstrate the SI joint on the UPSIDE. CR is perpendicular, 1 inch medial to upside ASIS

Positioning Lecture Material (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions