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Mass Media & Society > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Beginning in 2003, the U.S. government adopted a system for war reporting called “embedding.”

A

True

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2
Q

The belief that the U.S. press should be free from government control originated with the:

A

First Amendment.

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3
Q

The Communications Decency Act:

A

attempted to define and control user access to specific programs and content.

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4
Q

In the New York Times v. Sullivan decision, the Supreme Court held that:

A

a public official must prove that the story was published with a reckless disregard for the truth.

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5
Q

The broadcast media:

A

are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission

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6
Q

Which of the following is not true of efforts to censor books, magazines and films?

A

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has never been targeted by censors.

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7
Q

The media can invade privacy by:

A

placing someone in a false light, using someone’s name or likeness for commercial benefit, intruding on a person’s physical or mental solitude,

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8
Q

Which legislation led to a conflict between the FBI and libraries over government access to library records?
disclosing embarrassing personal facts.

A

The PATRIOT Act

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9
Q

The law designed to prevent illegal copying of material on the Internet is:

A

the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

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10
Q

After the Roth and Miller cases, determining obscenity is the responsibility of:

A

local courts.

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11
Q

Media is owned and operated by the government

A

Soviet theory

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12
Q

Advocates government oversight of media to ensure media acts in society’s best interest.

A

Social responsibility theory

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13
Q

United States and other democracies typically follow this theory.

A

Libertarian theory

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14
Q

Media promotes the country’s social and economic goals.

A

Developmental theory

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15
Q

Assumes people with opposing viewpoints will be heard

A

Libertarian theory

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16
Q

Believes those who control the media can exercise prior restraint.

A

Soviet theory

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17
Q

Media serves as a propaganda outlet for economic and social progress as defined by the government.

A

Developmental theory

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18
Q

Believes media’s first goal is to convey truth and not cave in to outside pressure from advertisers or corporate owners.

A

Libertarian theory

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19
Q

Based on the idea that when people are given all the information on an issue they can discern what is true and what is false and make good choices.

A

Libertarian theory

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20
Q

Media serve at the government’s pleasure and with the government’s approval.

A

Authoritarian theory

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21
Q

In the 1940s, a record “album” consisted of a bound set of ten envelopes with one record and one

A

True

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22
Q

Which of the following is not true about warning labels on records?

A

Teenagers demanded labeling of explicit lyrics

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23
Q

Billboard Magazine today:

A

publishes more than two dozen music industry charts, influences radio play lists and artist popularity, measures album sales, measures the air play of music

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24
Q

The operations division of a recording company:

A

manages the technical aspects of the recording

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25
Q

The group that decides the best way to sell recordings is ____.

A

marketing and promotion

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26
Q

Which age group is most likely to pay for music?

A

people who are 45 and older

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27
Q

Because of file sharing, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has:

A

sued individuals who downloaded music

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28
Q

File sharing, as it relates to the music recording industry, means:

A

downloading music free from the Internet

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29
Q

The most threatening widespread type of piracy for the industry is:

A

copying of prerecorded music overseas and their sale in the United States

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30
Q

Napster was ordered to shut down in 2001 for:

A

Copyright infringement

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31
Q

Internet Neutrality means:

A

rules that require Internet providers to keep their networks open and available to carry all legal content.

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32
Q

The media theory termed “convergence”:

A

holds that media industries are combining economically, predicted that print, broadcast/motion picture, and computer media would overlap substantially by 2000,
holds that media industries are combining technologically,
was introduced in 1978 by Nicholas Negroponte and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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33
Q

The main advantage for advertisers on the Web is:

A

they can get instant electronic feedback on the effectiveness of their ads.

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34
Q

Which is NOT one of the challenges facing the Internet?

A

government deregulation

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35
Q

Most people go online ____:

A

for music downloads.

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36
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about online advertising?

A

many commercial Web sites do not feature advertising.

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37
Q

The “digital divide” refers to the fact that:

A

the lack of access to digital technology among low-income, rural and minority groups.

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38
Q

Intellectual property rights:

A

concern the rights of creative people to be compensated for the use of their work.

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39
Q

The Internet is completely different from traditional media because of:

A

absence of central control for content.

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40
Q

The Internet is:

A

a combination of millions of computer networks sending and receiving data worldwide.

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41
Q

News editors use very little of the information submitted as press releases by public relations people.

A

False

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42
Q

Many firms attempt to use PR to get positive publicity for their products because:

A

it is cheaper to get a publicity release published than to purchase an ad

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43
Q

A public relations practitioner often contributes to decisions abouthow a company will deal with the public.

A

True

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44
Q

The first publicity firms in the United States were hired to:

A

overcome public criticism of railroads and other industries

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45
Q

In this model of public relations, the public relations professional works with traditional mass media to place information in newspapers, magazines, television and radio.

A

public information model

46
Q

According to the textbook chapter, public relations involves:

A

creating understanding for or goodwill toward, a company, a person or a product

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT recommended by public relations experts if a company has a public relations crisis?

A

avoid telling the whole truth to the media

48
Q

Public relations is considered a mass medium.

A

False

49
Q

According to the Public Relations Society of America, public relations is the:

A

development and maintenance of mutually beneficial relationships

50
Q

The Internet offers many benefits for public relations companies because:

A

PR help creates a company’s public face on the Internet,
company profiles can be made available online, news releases can be made available online, it can deliver information quickly

51
Q

______ involves two-way communication and is considered the most effective form of public relations.

A

symmetrical communication

52
Q

In the future, PR people must:

A

expand overseas, be aware of changing demographics,

incorporate new technologies, pay close attention to the media industries

53
Q

Which of these 1940s events helped reverse the growth of the movie industry that began in 1930?

A

the hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee.

54
Q

The Hollywood Ten:

A

were put on trial for contempt, eventually sentenced to jail and later blacklisted.

55
Q

D. W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation:

A

cost five times more to make than any other American film up until that time, portrayed racial stereotypes, presented a dramatic view of the Civil War and Reconstruction, made Griffith the first famous director

56
Q

The movie industry makes more money each year than the newspaper, television or book businesses.

A

False

57
Q

What was or were the important contribution(s) of Edwin S. Porter’s 1903 film, The Great Train Robbery?

A

the introduction of dissolves rather than film splices between shots, shooting at multiple locations, the use of human action.

58
Q

The U.S. v. Paramount Pictures case led to:

A

the major studios divesting themselves of their theaters.

59
Q

Movie censorship codes changed forever:

A

with the release of Man With the Golden Arm, a film about drug addiction.

60
Q

The MPAA began a rating system:

A

modeled on Great Britain’s system.

61
Q

Because of the practice of block booking, movie theater owners:

A

were forced to accept several movies at once.

62
Q

In the 1920s, the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association began cracking down on movie content by:

A

stating that movies should not be made that will lower the moral standards of viewers.

63
Q

Payola

A

concerns the payment of cash or gifts by recording companies to disc jockeys or program directors in exchange for air play.

64
Q

The Radio Act of 1912:

A

required federal licenses for people who wanted to broadcast or receive messages.

65
Q

HD radio:

A

makes it possible for radio stations to transmit real-time text-based information services as well as
programming.

66
Q

The most significant trend in radio today is toward:

A

greater audience segmentation.

67
Q

Blanket licensing meant that:

A

the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers charged stations a fee for licensed music.

68
Q

Supporters of deregulation believe that radio will become more competitive because the larger companies can give more financial support to their stations than single owners can.

A

True

69
Q

The disc jockey, as a media personality, was made possible by

A

cooperative broadcast licensing by BMI.

70
Q

Identifying a specific audience segment and programming is called:

A

narrowcasting.

71
Q

Arbitron ratings have been criticized because they:

A

under-report minority and non-English-speaking listeners.

72
Q

The Telecommunications Act of 1996:

A

removed government restrictions on the radio industry.

73
Q

To attract more readers, newspapers:

A

have added special sections for young people and women

74
Q

The first major competition for newsreaders in America came from:

A

Radio

75
Q

Internet versions of newspapers:

A

generate a lot less revenue for advertising than paper editions

76
Q

Language that incites rebellion against the government is called:

A

seditious

77
Q

What was the U.S. federal government’s first attempt to control the press?

A

the Alien and Sedition Laws

78
Q

The alternative press:

A

challenged the conventional wisdom and espoused “radical” ideas

79
Q

Women sometimes became publishers in colonial times because:

A

they belonged to families of printers

80
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with tabloid journalism?

A

investigative journalism on important public issues

81
Q

Yellow journalism:

A

is a form of sensationalized reporting that emphasizes crime, sex and violence refers to newspapers that print on yellow paper

82
Q

Early colonial newspapers:

A

printed “Published by Authority” on the first page to indicate British approval

83
Q

The ubiquity of advertising means that:

A

advertising is everywhere

84
Q

Advertising on the Internet general guarantees increased sales for advertisers.

A

False

85
Q

In the 1800s, most media owners’ response to consumer complaints about advertising was to:

A

develop an open advertising policy, which allowed them to continue to accept ads while criticizing the ads at the same time

86
Q

The rate at which someone visits a Web site to learn more because of an Internet ad is called:

A

the “click-through” rate

87
Q

Advertising is:

A

how American consumers pay for most of their media

88
Q

The term “demographics” refers to:

A

the analysis of audience characteristics such as gender, age and marital status

89
Q

The federal agency with the main responsibility for monitoring ads for deception is the:

A

Federal Trade Commission

90
Q

In a practice adopted from radio, early television programs usually:

A

carried direct sponsorship

91
Q

One of the main arguments against advertising is:

A

advertising reduces competition and creates monopolies

92
Q

What is “viral marketing”?

A

pass-along advertising messages

93
Q

“Muckraker” was a derogatory slang term for a magazine journalist who investigated and reported on:

A

abuses by government and big business

94
Q

When you read a magazine and give it to a friend, this is an example of:

A

pass-along readership

95
Q

Magazine growth was encouraged by:

A

the Postal Act of 1879

96
Q

The type of magazine that makes the most money is:

A

consumer magazines

97
Q

Parenting is the nation’s most successful family magazine.

A

True

98
Q

People in a particular industry read ________ to learn more about their business.

A

trade, technical and professional magazines

99
Q

Why do magazine companies consolidate ownership?

A

so that advertisers will be able to reach only the people they want

100
Q

Which medium can be most effective at targeting an audience?

A

magazines

101
Q

Magazines traditionally have been more open than newspapers to literary and journalistic contributions by female writers because:

A

women have been a sizable potential audience for magazines, more so than newspapers

102
Q

Today, most magazines are general interest and still play the cutting-edge social, political and cultural role they played in the past.

A

False

103
Q

In the phrase “the culture and commerce of publishing,” commerce refers to making money. What does “culture” refer to?

A

The importance of publishing only those books that reflect American ideals.

104
Q

Like any business, publishing houses want to build their profits. What do they look for to increase the bottom line?

A

Subsidiary and international rights

105
Q

The introduction of paperback books in the early 20th century resulted in:

A

A democratization of reading in America.

106
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of how technology has changed the way books are produced and promoted:

A

Streamlining the publishing process to save on natural resources.

107
Q

Through the Revolutionary War, who was the most-read author in America?

A

Thomas Paine

108
Q

Which early event(s) contributed to the growth of the U.S. book publishing industry in the 20th century?

A

Founding of the Book-of-the-Month Club

109
Q

Before 1891, American authors and foreign authors cost the same to publishing houses.

A

False

110
Q

It takes approximately ________ months from the time a book deal is signed by an editor until the book is published.

A

18

111
Q

Which of the following is NOT why the Google Book Project is controversial?

A

Possible lawsuits over book content.

112
Q

Book Publishers make most of their money from mass market paperbacks, audio books & e-books.

A

False

Mass Media & Society (2 decks)

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