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Pediatric Dentistry > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When does the maxilla grow, and how does it happen?

A
  • Intramembranous Ossification
  • Sutural apposition & surface remodeling
  • Moves out from under cranium- downward and forward
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2
Q

How does the mandible grow?

  • Chin?
  • Condyle?
  • Ramus?
A

Endochondral & Intramembranous

  • Chin - downward & forward
  • Condyle - upward & backward
  • Ramus - grows away from chin
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3
Q

Developmental Milestones:

  1. Tooth buds appear?
  2. Major development of face?
  3. Fusion of palatal shelves?
  4. Deciduous teeth begin to calcify?
  5. Reflexes develop?
  6. Permanent teeth begin to calcify?
A
  1. 6th week
  2. 3-6th week
  3. 7-8th week
  4. 14th week (or 16th week)
  5. 14-32nd week
  6. Birth
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4
Q

What are the time lines for the formation and eruption of primary teeth?

A

Review chart

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5
Q

What are the different anomalies in the mouth of the newborn?

A
  • Inclusion Cysts
    • Epstein’s pearls
    • Bohn’s nodules
    • Dental-lamina cysts
  • Natal & Neonatal Teeth
    • Predeciduous teeth
    • Primary teeth
  • Eruption hematoma
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6
Q
  1. What inclusion cyst is found on the midpalatal raphe?
  2. Buccal & lingual aspects of dental ridges?
  3. Crests of alveolar ridge?
A
  • Epstein’s pearls
  • Bohn’s nodules
  • Dental-lamina cysts
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7
Q

What’s the difference between natal teeth and neonatal teeth?

A
  • Natal teeth - present at birth
  • Neonatal teeth - erupt within 30 days of birth
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8
Q

What are predeciduous teeth?

A
  • Supernumerary teeth, defective, mobile
  • Incidence 1 in 4000
  • Risk for aspiration, removal is generally recommended
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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of primary teeth that erupt prematurely?

A
  • Normal primary teeth
  • Incidence 1 in 2000
  • Should not be extracted (if possible)
  • Radiograph helpful
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10
Q

What is the eruption sequence of primary teeth?

A

ABDCE

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11
Q

What is the eruption sequence for maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth?

A
  • Maxillary - 6-1-2-4-5-3-7-8
  • Mandibular - 6-1-2-3-4-5-7-8
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12
Q

What’s the rule of 6 regarding flouride supplements?

A
  • Less than 6 months - No Flouride
  • More than 0.6ppm - No Flouride
  • More than 16 years - No Flouride
  • Dosage changes at 6 months, half of 6 (3 years) and at 6 years
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13
Q

What is the Tanaka Johnson formula?

A
  • mandibular incisor length/2 + 11 (max or 10.5 mandibular)
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14
Q

What’s the prevalence of diastemas in 6,9 and 14 year olds?

A
  • 6 (ugly duckling) - 44-97%
  • 9 - 33-46%
  • 14 - 7-20%
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15
Q

What are the etiologies for diastemas?

A
  • Normal
  • Space, small teeth, supernumary
  • Habit, malocclusion
  • Frenum - may be effect, rather than cause
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16
Q

What’s the treatment for diastemas?

A

After eruption of the permanent canines, based on diagnosis of cause

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17
Q

What’s the standard protocol for X-rays?

A
  • No “standard” prescription
  • Order radiographs only if diagnostic yield is expected to effect care
18
Q

What do you consider when giving X-rays?

A
  • Age of patient/cooperation
  • Oral hygiene
  • Position of teeth
  • Patient history
  • Clinical exam
  • Caries risk assessment
19
Q

What is the SLOB rule?

A

Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal

20
Q

When do you place a protective liner?

A

When all the decay is gone and there is no exposure

21
Q

When do you place an indirect pulp cap?

A

Leave some of the decay and seal it, with the intention to come back and fix it after tertiary dentin has formed

22
Q

When do you do a pulpectomy?

A

On a non-vital tooth

23
Q

When would you perfrom an apexification?

A

Non vital, permanent immature tooth

24
Q

Do you perform apexifications on primary teeth?

A

NO

25
Q

What is apexogenesis?

A

The vital tooth used to keep it to continue to develop

26
Q

What’s the website for trauma of teeth?

A

Dental Trauma guide.org

27
Q

When do you splint for 2 weeks or 4 weeks?

A
  • 2 weeks - subluxation, extrusion, intrusion, alvusion
  • 4 weeks - lateral luxation, delayed avulsion
28
Q

What do you do with avulsed primary teeth?

A

Do not re-implant them!

29
Q

What is the order from better to worse of tooth transport medium?

A
  1. Biospan (best, but hardly used)
  2. Hank’s
  3. Milk
  4. Saliva
  5. Saline
  6. Water
30
Q

How do you make splints?

A
  • Small ortho wire, or monofilament fishing wire and composite
  • Try to include 2 other non-affected teeth on either side
  • Must allow for movement or risk of akylosis
31
Q

If the alveolus is not involved, how long do you have to splint for?

A

2 weeks - no alveolus

4 weeks if alveolus is involved

32
Q

What is a shallow pulpotomy called?

A

Cvek pulpotomy

33
Q

What do you do in a partial pulpotomy due to trauma, in which the inflammed pulp needs to be removed, just the first couple millimeters?

A

Cvek Pulpotomy

34
Q

What’s the goal for doing Cvek pulpotomies?

A

Apexogenesis - to keep the permanent tooth

35
Q

What are some features of childs mandible vs adults?

A
  • Mandibular forament located below the occlusal plane
  • Bone is less dense = quick onset
  • Ramus is shorter and narrower anteroposteriorly
36
Q

What is the most common problem regarding local anesthetics in children?

A

Self trauma - lip biting

37
Q

How do you calculate the mg of a cartridge of lidocaine?

A

1.8mL x 20 mg/mL = 36mg

38
Q

What is the maximum dosage/weight for lido and septo?

A
  • Lidocaine 2% - max dose - 4.4mg/kg (2mg/lb)
  • Septocaine 4% - max dose - 7mg/kg

Absolute max dose

  • Lido 2%- 300mg
  • Septo 4%- 500mg
39
Q

What is the correct way to document anesthetics in the clinic?

A
  • 36mg lido 2% with 0.018mg epi (or)
  • 36mg lido 2% with 1:100,000 epi
40
Q

Describe the Brodsky’s scale?

A

Tonsil coverage of posterior oro-pharynx

  • 0 - in fossa
  • +1 - <25%
  • +2 - >25%<50%
  • +3 - >50%<75%
  • +4 - >75%
41
Q

How do you estimate what the systolic blood pressure should be, because pulse and respiratory rate decrease with age, while blood pressure increases?

A

90+(2 x age) = systolic

Pediatric Dentistry (2 decks)

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