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Media Studies > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

0
Q

What does Mary Douglas say about communities?

A
  • The process of debate is what constitutes a community and perpetuates its existence
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1
Q

What is community?

A
  • Highly interconnected, heterogeneous, rife with discord and dispute
  • Can often imply a false consensus and coherence
  • Fluid and unstable
  • Shared interests
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2
Q

What were the characteristics of the mass audience in the last century? Versus the media audience today?

A
  • Past = Highly passive, non-participatory
  • Present = With the advent of digital technologies and new theories about the active character of the audience, we see the viewer as interacting, collaborating, and co-producing content
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3
Q

Who suggested that the ‘greatest changes’ within media culture are ‘occurring within consumption communities. The biggest change may be the shift from individualized and personalized media consumption toward consumption as a networked practice’.
& positioned the individual in participatory culture as a consumer

A
  • Henry Jenkins
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4
Q

A person who posts rude and often racist, sexist, homophobic or obscene messages can be defined as what?

A
  • A hater
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5
Q

Who said that ‘American public discourse is based on the metaphor of war’ and ‘Americans live in an atmosphere of unrelenting contention’?

A
  • Deborah Tannen
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6
Q

What do ‘flaggers’ do?

A
  • Falsely flag a video for violating YouTube’s content regulations
  • Can lead to YouTube removing a video or deleting a member’s account
  • Common censorship strategy within YouTube that highlights the corporations uneven application of its content policies
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7
Q

What does Burgess suggest (echoing Mary Douglas’ notion of communities)?

A
  • The issue for all players in the controversies is the extent to which they have an influence on the future of community in which they have so much invested
  • playfulness and effect ‘characterize the common culture of youtube’ we are not just passively watching
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8
Q

Who said that autoethnography can degrade into narcissism or an overly optimistic evaluation of the audience’s ability to provide a full self- explanation?

A

-Matt Hill

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9
Q

Who told the NY times that ‘the US is pretty unusual in providing the broad protection of hate speech?’

A

Cass Sunstein

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10
Q

Who said that ‘People who do not regularly participate on YouTube may not understand why people watch seemingly poor quality videos’ and ‘creating and circulating video effectively enacts social relationships between those who make and those who view videos’?

A

Patricia C. Lange

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11
Q

What are the most popular content themes on YouTube?

A
  • Music
  • Entertainment
  • Comedy
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12
Q

Who did a study concluding that popular amateur videos on YouTube tend to show individuals engaged in uncommon activities?

A

-Brian M Landry

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13
Q

Who describes the cinema of attraction as ‘the direct address of the audience, in which an attraction is offered to the spectator by a cinema show-man’?

A
  • Tom Gunning
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14
Q

Who suggests that ‘youtube functions as a cinema of attractions by engaging an audience that is highly attuned to attractions’?
& the ‘dialogue nature of video sharing sites produces a kind of hyper- attraction as not only are subscribers invited to watch clips but post comments or respond through video posts’?

A

Teresa Rizzo

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15
Q

What is DMCA?

A
  • Digital Millennium Copyright Act

- States that videos violating ‘rules’ will be taken down

16
Q

How does Raymond Williams describe the commercial media system?

A
  • As Consisting of ‘centralized transmission and privatized reception’ over a quarter century ago this prediction was made
17
Q

What is the active audience theory?

A
  • States that the audience is participating in the production of their own videos and are commentators of other videos
18
Q

What is semiotic guerrilla warfare?

A
  • Describes the challenge to the corporate control of power that a truly active audience represents
  • Attempts to understand the everyday resistances and evasions that make ideology work so hard and insistently to maintain itself and its values
  • Essentially optimistic and sees popular culture as progressive.
19
Q

What is popular culture?

A
  • What YouTube is fast becoming
  • Potentially progressive
  • Things that are prevalent and valued in mainstream society
20
Q

What is appropriative power?

A
  • The power that active audiences have to make their own meanings
  • Constantly altering the original
    Ex: ‘Downfall’ movie clip that lampooned Hillary Clinton- compares politicians defeats to that of hitler
21
Q

What is ‘tracking’?

A
  • Following a politician around while armed with a video camera and waiting for them to say the wrong thing
  • May eliminate spontaneousness and force politicians to seek out controlled events and avoid speaking in public
22
Q

What is the Harper Dictatorship?

A
  • A video depicting Canada’s pm Stephen Harper, as a defeated Hitler who says ‘When are people going to realize that I’m the world’s greatest leader?’
23
Q

What is ideology?

A
  • Where power and ideas connect

- Often manifested as beliefs that a subordinate group holds which primarily serve the interests of a dominant group

24
Q

Who said that ‘those who tell stories rule society’?

A

Plato

25
Q

Who equates capitalism with democracy and argues that the personal computer will make people ‘richer, smarter, and more productive’?

A
  • George Gilder
26
Q

What was the first ‘bedroom/ laptop war’?

A
  • Gaza vs Israel
  • Both sides made extensive use of YouTube to influence public opinion
Israel= b&w videos with no sound
Palestinians= vivid videos of chaos and destruction
27
Q

How is politics represented on YouTube?

A
  • It often aims to mock politicians or to show them in their worst light
  • YouTube works against conventional campaign practices by bringing disparate and isolated audiences together
28
Q

What does ‘Bastard Culture’ do?

A
  • Attempts to frame participatory culture as an illegitimate offspring of commercial cultural industries
29
Q

What does Jean burgess say about popularity within YouTube?

A
  • It is the result of a mass creative response to a video
30
Q

Who says that the Internet imposes ‘tight controls’ on communication and digital culture?

A
  • Tarleton Gillespie
31
Q

Who developed ‘the New anger’ - about declaring one’s personal identity?

A
  • Peter Wood
32
Q

Who looks forward to the formation of ‘a new dominant mode of visuality’?; and suggests the possibility of a future where video supersedes television as our main source of stories and paves the way to a cultural democracy?

A

Sean Cubitt

Media Studies (3 decks)

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