Final exam Flashcards
What does 5W2H stand for?
Who what when where why how how much
What does CARBS stand for?
contrast alignment repetition balance spacing used for designing visual aids
What does CLOUD stand for?
coherence length organization unity development
What does DOCS stand for?
Design
organization
content
style
What does HATS stand for?
heading
art
typography
spacing
What does SPELL stand for?
Structure punctuation errors language length
What does SVC stand for?
Subject
verb
complement
What are the 4 Cs?
Content is clear
complete
correct
compelling
What are the 2 V verbs?
vicinity
voice
Minimizing resource use is referred to as being ___
While maximizing results is referred to as being ___
Efficient
Effective
p. 2
After a speaker makes a substantive comment, you paraphrase what you think the speaker is trying to say to you- is a technique called
Reflective listening
(active listening)
p. 10
Gestures, table manners, PERT & Gantt charts, networking
Ch. 1
p. 14
What are the 4 major phases of writing?
Content organization writing design p. 17
What does WIIFM stand for?
Whats in it for me?
p. 18
Top-down outlining starts with ___ and moves to ___
major ideas
the details
p. 18
Bottom-Up outlining first lists ___ and then uses inductive logic to determine ___
the details
the major ideas
p. 18
Name 3 effective methods for top-down outlining
Traditional outline
Tree diagram
Mind map
p. 19
Non-chronoligical information is compared to a
photograph
p. 21
Chronological information is compared to a
movie
p. 21
As a general rule, use the __ approach for conveying good news or routine messages.
Direct
p. 25
Use the __ approach for conveying bad new or persuasive messages
indirect
p.25
Targeting logical, rational thinking is called
logos
p. 25
An appeal to the heart is called
pathos
p. 25
When trying to persuade someone, a __ approach focuses on benefits to be gained
positive
p. 25
When trying to persuade someone, a __ approach focuses on what the person might lose
negative
p.25
Urgency or highlighting the benefits of taking action right now and communicating what will be lost by delaying action is called
kairos
p. 26
What are the 3 main purposes of most written messages?
Inform, persuade, build relationships
p. 26
What steps are required to turn a free list into an outline?
Categorize, sequence, evaluate
p. 26
Five outline tests
Ch. 2
p. 22
Logical fallacies list
p. 37
What are the 4 types of agendas?
Quantify identify organize symbolize p. 41
What are the 2 aspects of headings?
adequacy
hierarchy
p. 43
What are the 3 Is?
introduce
insert
interpret
p. 45
The reader should be able to understand the main message of a visual in about __ seconds
5
p. 45
In a pie graph, arrange the segments from largest to smallest in ___ order
clockwise
p. 47
In a pie graph, begin the largest segment at the __
top
(12 o’clock position)
p. 47
___ files are scalable without loss of resolution
vector
p. 48
vector files are much smaller than __ files
raster
p. 48
People prefer ___ numbers
Odd
p. 50
___ fonts are often preferred for body text because the ___ make each letter more unique and easier to recognize
Serif fonts
serifs (little finishing marks at the end of the stroke)
p. 51
___ fonts are often used for headings because they usually have a thicker stroke
Sans serif
p. 51
Alignment
p. 51-52
Orphans & widows
p. 52
Why are line and bar charts preferred over pie charts?
Easier to judge size
p. 54
What type of text alignment should be used with most office documents?
left
p. 54
What is a “gray page”?
a page that needs to have an increase in internal space
p. 54
What 3 major problems can occur because of writing errors?
Damage credibility
Extra time for reader to understand
Draw improper conclusions
p. 66
Emails
p. 72-73
What does BCC stand for?
blind carbon copy
p. 78
What is the difference between full-block, modified-block, and simplified letter formats? When should the simplified letter format be used?
When you want to be gender neutral or write to a group.
p. 78
Resumes and cover letters
p. 83
The ___ resume format emphasizes a person’s skills and competencies and de-emphasizes their career path.
Functional
p. 86
Sticking value refers to
how well informations stays in the mind of the interviewer
p. 88
It is illegal to ask about someone’s
age, race, gender, marital status, religious beliefs, etc.
p. 89
Maintaining good eye contact, smiling and noding your head, and saying “uh-huh” are examples of
reflective listening
p. 91
In what sequence should your job history be arranged?
reverse chronological
p. 94
What is an RFP?
request for proposal
p. 96
What is the difference between causes and symptoms?
Cause is the origin
Symptom is the result
p. 100
The approach where each person writes one or more ideas on a small card is called
NGT- nominal group technique
p. 104
Divergent thinking
p. 104
Convergent thinking is
moving toward one point and unifying the group thinking
p. 104
Decision table
p. 105
Lewin’s force-field analysis helps identity the forces working
for and against your implementation plans
p. 106
The idea behind brainstorming is that ___ will yield ___
quantity
quality
p. 107
Primary research vs. secondary research
p. 117
EBSCO and EDGAR
p. 117
.gov considered ___ reliable
most
p. 118
.com considered ___ reliable
least
p. 118
Scholarly journals considered __ reliable
most
p. 117
What are Boolean operators?
and
or
not
p. 118
How do you truncate a word?
word*
p. 118
Plagiarism occurs in 3 ways
Copy text w/o credit
Paraphrase w/o credit
Blend ideas w/o credit
p. 119
APA stands for
American Psychological Association
p. 120
MLA stands for
Modern Language Association
p. 120
Chicago style is different because
it uses footnotes or endnotes
p. 121
The first standard of research is
validity
p 121
The second standard of research is
reliability
p. 122
The 7 different question formats are
closed either/or restricted multiple choice unrestricted multiple choice ranking rating open p. 123
The 3 types of random sampling are
random
stratified random
systematic random
p. 124
Which is better for obtaining info about financial reports, EBSCO or EDGAR?
EDGAR
p. 124
Factor by alternative sequence
p. 140
Arrange the weighting factors and the alternatives in a ____ sequence for easier reading
high to low
p. 140
List 3 categories of business reports
Periodic reports
progressive reports
problem-solving reports
p. 141
What are the 3 basic phrases involved in the report writing process?
Data gathering
composition
revision
p. 141
Executive summary
p. 141
Words in ___ case are easier to read than words in all ___ case
lower
upper
p. 170
Warm colors visually
advance
p. 171
If you want a color or colored object to be noticed, place it beside its ____ color
complementary
p. 171
Monochromatic is the simplest color harmony and consists of using different values of
the same color
p. 171
Analogous consists of two colors that are
adjacent on the color wheel
p.171
Triad refers to colors that lie at
the points of a triangle
p. 171
Complementary brings together the colors
directly across from each other on the color wheel.
p. 171
The more a pure color is mixed toward gray, the more that color is said to be a
neutral color, and the more it harmonizes with other colors
p. 171
Symmetrical balance looks more ___ but less ___
formal
interesting
p. 172
Contrast is the key to
attracting attention
p. 172
A storyboard is
a rough blueprint of what the finished product will look like
p. 174
As a general rule, limit the number of typefaces to
two
p. 176
What is the more is less, less is more principle?
Adding more color to more items reduces the amount of emphasis each colored item gets
p. 177
handouts
p. 178
what are the primary colors?
cyan magenta yellow
p. 179
a shade is adding
black
p. 179
a tint is adding
white
p. 179
It is better to have a ___ layout with ___ rows
wider
fewer
p. 182
Opening / hook ideas
p. 187
The 4 methods of delivery are:
Memorized Manuscript Extemporaneous Impromptu p. 188
A rich tone from the ___ rather than the ___ is preferred
throat
nasal
p. 188
Increase volume for
emphasis
p. 188
Slow down for
articulation
p.188
Pronunciation is
pronounce words properly
p. 189
Enunciation is
how distinctly you say the vowels in each word
p. 189
How to do Q&A
p. 190-191
What tactic can you take when persuading the audience to choose one option over others?
Compare & contrast
p. 194
Grammar section
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