Final exam Flashcards
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are typically___.
Smaller
Cells are ___.
Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Which four elements make up about 96% of living matter ?
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
If you change the number of neutrons in an atom you create___.
An isotope .
What do you and a rose bush have in common ?
You are both multicellular.
A key point in Darwin’s explanation of evolution is that__.
Slight variation among individuals significantly affect the chance that a given individual will survive in its environment and be able to reproduce.
Phosphorus ( atomic # 15) has__.
Protons, neutrons and electrons
15 protons and electrons
16 neutrons
Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ___ bonds.
Nonpolar covalent.
Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water ?
Covalent bonds between carbon atoms
What determines if a molecule is polar, nonpolar, or ionic?
Differences in electronegativities
In a single molecule of water, 2 hydrogen bonds are bonded to a single oxygen bond by____.
Polar covalent bonds
What process does a glycogen molecule undergo to form a glucose molecule?
Hydrolysis
What functional group is shown
-OH
Alcohol
How many molecules of water does it take to hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long ?
10
Which is not a polymer ? Starch Glucose Dna Cellulose
Glucose
What is the difference between a covalent bond and a ionic bond ?
Covalent : sharing of electrons between atoms
Ionic: electrical attraction between two charged atoms
The portion of the phospholipid that contains the phosphate group has one or more charge… That makes this molecule ___.
Hydrophilic
Which is not a property of water ?
- ability to moderate temp
- expansion upon freezing
- dissolves lipids well
- versatility as a solvent
Dissolves lipids well
A type of protein that functions by helping other proteins fold correctly is called
Chaperonin
Does a quaternary structure involve more than one polypeptide chain ?
Yes.
Hydrophobic substances like vegetable oil are___.
Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules .
What kinds of bonds hold the nitrogenous base of two opposing strands of DNA together ?
Hydrogen
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by the cell ?
ER>Golgie>vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane
Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in the cells___.
Components of the cytoskeleton
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through__.
Gap junctions
What is the function of the plasma membrane ?
Selective barrier that regulates passage of substances in and out
In a eukaryotic cell the mitochondria, nucleus, and the chloroplasts all have a ( single, double) membrane ?
Double
What are ribosomes made of ?
Proteins and rRNA
Phosphodiester bonds are to nucleic acids as ____bonds are to protiens.
Peptide
What is required to form Collin or flagella ?
Tubulin
Evolution is___.
The change in the genetic makeup of a population through time.
The H and O atoms within a single water molecule have very different electronegativities and therefore they form ___ with each other.
Polar covalent bonds
Chemical reactions all involve___.
The breaking and formation of chemical bonds.
The strongest individual chemical bond in cells occur when___.
Two atoms share electrons in a covalent bond
