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Biology Final > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

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0
Q

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are typically___.

A

Smaller

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1
Q

Cells are ___.

A

Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

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2
Q

Which four elements make up about 96% of living matter ?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

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3
Q

If you change the number of neutrons in an atom you create___.

A

An isotope .

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4
Q

What do you and a rose bush have in common ?

A

You are both multicellular.

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5
Q

A key point in Darwin’s explanation of evolution is that__.

A

Slight variation among individuals significantly affect the chance that a given individual will survive in its environment and be able to reproduce.

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6
Q

Phosphorus ( atomic # 15) has__.

Protons, neutrons and electrons

A

15 protons and electrons

16 neutrons

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7
Q

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ___ bonds.

A

Nonpolar covalent.

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8
Q

Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water ?

A

Covalent bonds between carbon atoms

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9
Q

What determines if a molecule is polar, nonpolar, or ionic?

A

Differences in electronegativities

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10
Q

In a single molecule of water, 2 hydrogen bonds are bonded to a single oxygen bond by____.

A

Polar covalent bonds

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11
Q

What process does a glycogen molecule undergo to form a glucose molecule?

A

Hydrolysis

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12
Q

What functional group is shown

-OH

A

Alcohol

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13
Q

How many molecules of water does it take to hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long ?

A

10

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14
Q 
Which is not a polymer ? 
Starch 
Glucose
Dna 
Cellulose
A

Glucose

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15
Q

What is the difference between a covalent bond and a ionic bond ?

A

Covalent : sharing of electrons between atoms

Ionic: electrical attraction between two charged atoms

16
Q

The portion of the phospholipid that contains the phosphate group has one or more charge… That makes this molecule ___.

A

Hydrophilic

17
Q

Which is not a property of water ?

  • ability to moderate temp
  • expansion upon freezing
  • dissolves lipids well
  • versatility as a solvent
A

Dissolves lipids well

18
Q

A type of protein that functions by helping other proteins fold correctly is called

A

Chaperonin

19
Q

Does a quaternary structure involve more than one polypeptide chain ?

A

Yes.

20
Q

Hydrophobic substances like vegetable oil are___.

A

Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules .

21
Q

What kinds of bonds hold the nitrogenous base of two opposing strands of DNA together ?

A

Hydrogen

22
Q

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by the cell ?

A

ER>Golgie>vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

23
Q

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in the cells___.

A

Components of the cytoskeleton

24
Q

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through__.

A

Gap junctions

25
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane ?

A

Selective barrier that regulates passage of substances in and out

26
Q

In a eukaryotic cell the mitochondria, nucleus, and the chloroplasts all have a ( single, double) membrane ?

A

Double

27
Q

What are ribosomes made of ?

A

Proteins and rRNA

28
Q

Phosphodiester bonds are to nucleic acids as ____bonds are to protiens.

A

Peptide

29
Q

What is required to form Collin or flagella ?

A

Tubulin

30
Q

Evolution is___.

A

The change in the genetic makeup of a population through time.

31
Q

The H and O atoms within a single water molecule have very different electronegativities and therefore they form ___ with each other.

A

Polar covalent bonds

32
Q

Chemical reactions all involve___.

A

The breaking and formation of chemical bonds.

33
Q

The strongest individual chemical bond in cells occur when___.

A

Two atoms share electrons in a covalent bond

Biology Final (2 decks)

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