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Fitness Assessment And Exercise Prescription > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Standard GXT

A
  • research or rx
  • theraputic indications
  • no EKG monitoring
  • Ventilatory gasses
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2
Q

Diagnostic GXT

A
  • EKG monitoring
  • BP/HR monitoring
  • used for diagnostic/prognostic
  • ventilatory gasses in presence of HF
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3
Q

magnitude of ischemia due to lesion directly proportional to

A
  • st segment depression
  • # of EKG leads associated w st segment depression
  • duration of st segment depression
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4
Q

magnitude of ischemia due to lesion is indirectly proportional to

A
  • st slope
  • RPP at which st segment depression occurs
  • HR max, SBP, METs achieved
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5
Q

GXT post MI

A
  • prognostic
  • ex rx
  • evaluation of medical therapy or surgical interventions
  • submax testing rec after discharge
  • 4-6d after acute MI
  • cant do it w/o revascularization
  • fx capacity <5Mets
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6
Q

Functional Testing

A
  • PA counceling
  • EXrx
  • Disability assessmet
  • estimate prognosis
  • return to work eval
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7
Q

MET increase VS all cause mortality

A

1 MET increase = 1.3% decrease in all cause mortality

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8
Q

how much weight do treadmills hold

A

350

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9
Q

which protocol is more accurate in estimation of ex capacity and ventilator threshold

A

ramp

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10
Q

proper ECG monitoring

A
  • skin prep
  • LEAD PLACEMENT
  • continuous monitoring
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11
Q

Echo is good for

A
  • aortic stenosis
  • low cardiac output
  • milld mitral stenosis resulting symptoms
  • severe aortic insuffieciency or mitral regurgitation
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12
Q

Risk of complication hospital admission, acute mi, sudden cardiac death

A

-hospital admission <0.01 %

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13
Q

CVD meds that don’t really affect ex

A
  • ARBs
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Dieuretics
  • Anticoagulants
  • antiplatelet
  • lipid lowering meds
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14
Q

CVD meds that will affect ex

A
  • Beta blockers

- Calcium channel blockers

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15
Q

Beta blocker response w ex

A

-Blunted HR and BP response to ex
-faulty HR and BP
-OLOL
(selective or non selective)

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16
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A
  • lower HR
  • used when changing electrical
  • DIPINE
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17
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A
  • work through kidneys not heart

- PRIL

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18
Q

ARBs

A
  • do NOT get ACE cough
  • block all actions of angiotensin 2
  • SARTAN
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19
Q

Dieuretics

A
  • lasix is most common

- usually first med prescribed

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20
Q

Anticoagulants

A

-heparin used in hospital

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21
Q

Antiplatelet

A
  • dont effect ex rx
  • less sticky
  • easier for blood to flow
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22
Q

Lipid lowering drugs

A
  • statins
  • anyone at risk or might be at risk should be on one
  • might feel sore/cramps
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23
Q

Know table a1

A

put in here

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24
Q

common CVD

A
  • HTN
  • CAD
  • PAD
  • atherosclerotic arterial disease
  • acute coronary syndromes
  • cerebrovascular disease/stroke
  • MI
  • myocardial ischemia
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25
Q

where does CAD occur

A

tunica intima

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26
Q

how many deaths per year bc of HTN

A

9.4 mil

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27
Q

how many deaths per year cvd

A

17.3 million

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28
Q

howm many deaths expected bc of cvd by 2030

A

23.3 million

29
Q

plaque progression has to deal with…

A

lipoproteins

30
Q

CVD risk factors

A
  • dislipedemia
  • smoking
  • HTN
  • DM
  • sedentary
  • age
  • male
  • family hx
31
Q

Common cholesterol meds

A
  • bile acid sequestriants
  • fibric acid sequestriants
  • statins
  • nicotinic acid
  • cholesterol absorption inhibitor
32
Q

Acute coronary syndomes

A
  • > 90% due to plaque rupture and thrombus formation

- thrombus leads to severe or complete occlusion

33
Q

Table 7.3

A

put in first 2

34
Q

Diagnosis of ACS

A
  • presenting symptoms
  • acute EKg abnormalities
  • serum marker of necrosis
35
Q

Treatment of ACS

A
  • rapid initiation is critical
  • therapy targets initiating intracoronary thrombus
  • reverse ischemia and restore coronary supply and demand to normal
  • treatment of STEMI is different than treatment of NSTEMI
  • acute treatment may include oxygen therapy morphine and EKG monitoring
36
Q

Acute medical management of NSTEMI

A
  • anti ischemic therapy

- antithrombotic therapy

37
Q

Put in basics of table 9.6

A

put in

38
Q

how many people suffer from HTN

A
  • 1 bio worldwide

- 60 mil americans

39
Q

how many people w HTN are unaware

A

-2/3

40
Q

HTN risk factors

A
  • age
  • gender
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • race/heredity/genetics
  • lifestyle
41
Q

Classifications of HTN

A

-normal 160 >100

42
Q

Consequesnes of HTN

A
  • nosebleeds/headache/dizziness
  • flushin
  • sweating
  • blurred vision
  • most are asymptomatic
43
Q

Organ damage from HTN

A
  • vaasculature
  • heart
  • cerebrovascular
44
Q

non medical treatment for HTN

A
  • dec weight
  • ex
  • diet
  • sodium
  • potassium
  • alcohol
  • smoke cess
  • relaxation therapy
45
Q

medical treatment for HTN

A
  • dieuretics
  • sympatholytic agents
  • peripheral vasodialators
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARBs
  • antithrombotic/platelet/coagul
  • lipid lowering
46
Q

components of outpatient CR program

A
  • ex rx
  • aeorbic
  • resistance
  • flex
  • nm training
47
Q

FITT for cardiac patient

A

F- 3 d/wk pref all days
I- RPE 11-16 40-80% VO2
T- warm up/cool down 5-10 Ex 20-60
T- large musc rythmic, resistance

48
Q

what we use to determine progression for cardiac patients

A
  • px levels
  • hr response (remember beta blockers)
  • BP response
  • RPE
  • Err on side of safety
49
Q

chemicals affecting HR

A
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • acetylcholine
  • dopamine
50
Q

chemicals affectng BP

A
  • caffeine
  • norepenipherine
  • renin
  • aldosterone
  • adh
  • epinepherine
  • acetylcholine
51
Q

what is HTN

A

> 140 >90

52
Q

vo2 factors that negatively affect

A
  • mi
  • meds
  • asthsma
  • chronic kidney disease
  • cancer
  • hiv/aids
  • osteopenia
  • obesity
  • any disease pathology
53
Q

measurements we take in GXT

A
  • hr
  • rpe
  • bp
  • dyspnea
  • gas measurement
  • blood lactate
  • ekg
54
Q

hypokinesis

A

-low movement

55
Q

akinetic

A

no movement

56
Q

diskenisis

A

moves wrong way

57
Q

what is a calcium channel blocker

A
  • impedes calcium to cell
  • dec HR
  • dec contractility
58
Q

what is an ACE inhibitor

A
  • controls the bv

- bp dec b.c blocks angiotensin 2 which would have inc bp with symp ns

59
Q

how does beta blocker work

A

-no adronergic affect

60
Q

what does arg do

A
  • block angiotensin 2

- bp will be lower

61
Q

most important factor to resistance of blood flow

A
  • diameter

- by 1/2 ing resistance increase rest by 16 timesi

62
Q

positive inotropic affect

A

affect contractility of heart by increasing

63
Q

negative chronotropic response

A

hr decreased (neg affected)

64
Q

why don’t we like beta blockers

A

-major effect of ex (difficult to prescribe)

65
Q

rt sided heart failure

A

-lung disease

66
Q

risks of untreated HTN

A
  • mi
  • copd
  • stroke
  • cad
  • kidney disease
  • retinopathy
  • heart failure
67
Q

how can we tell if angina is result of ischemia

A

-12 lead ekg st segment

68
Q

with damage to endothelium what gets into arteries

A

LDL

69
Q

risk factors for atherosclerosis

A
  • dislipidemia
  • htn
  • obesity
  • diet
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • age
  • heredity
  • smoking

Fitness Assessment And Exercise Prescription (3 decks)

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