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GEOG 203 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What was Linnaeus’ view of the species’ allotted “place”?

A
  • (a) Place as a geographic location; Linnaeus thinking about biogeography
  • (b) Place as the species’ economic function, or its role in nature (it consumes some species, while being consumed by others); Linnaeus thinking about ecology
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2
Q

Why can glaciers flow?

A

Because they are dense enough

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3
Q

Do glaciers actually move uphill when they recede? Explain.

A

No, glaciers move downhill pulled by gravity. When a glacier recedes, the position of the glacier’s bottom will move up slope, but the ice itself continually moves up slope

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4
Q

What is glacial drift?

A

Material transported and deposited by a glacier or by glacial meltwater

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5
Q

What is till?

A
  • Direct ice deposits that appear unstratified and unsorted; a specific form of glacial drift
  • A sediment consisting of particles of various sizes and deposited by melting glaciers or ice sheets
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6
Q

Why are glacial periods dustier than they are in periods of warming?

A

There is more wind during glacial periods – steeper pressure gradients because of greater temperature differences

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7
Q

What is a showline?

A

The lowest elevation where snow remains year-round

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8
Q

What is calving?

A

A process in which pieces of ice break free to form floating ice masses known as icebergs that are usually found wherever glaciers meet an ocean, bay, or fjord…

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9
Q

What is a cirque?

A

-A scooped-out amphitheater shaped basin at the head of an alpine glacier valley; an erosional landform -Bowl that forms as glaciers grind away at the side of a mountain

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10
Q

What is a fjord?

A

-A drowned glaciated valley, or glacial trough, along a sea coast -U shaped valley

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11
Q

This is a _______?

A

Fjord

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12
Q

What is a moraine?

A

Marginal glacial deposits of unsorted and unstratified material

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13
Q

What is a terminal moraine?

A

Eroded debris that is dropped at a glacier’s farthest extent

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14
Q

What is a lateral moraine?

A

Debris transported by a glacier that accumulates along the sides of the glacier and is deposited along these margins

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15
Q

What is a bergschrund?

A

It is a crevasse, or wide crack, that separates flowing ice from stagnant ice in the upper reaches of a glacier or into a cirque

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16
Q

The following is a ______?

A

Bergschrund

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17
Q

A GPS receiver seneses signal from at least ____ satellites - a minimum of ____ satallites for location, and a fourth to determine accurate time.

A

4

3

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18
Q

What is biogeography?

A

The study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create

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19
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process by which plants produce their own food from carbon dioxide and water, powered by solar energy

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20
Q

What is respiration?

A
  • Opposite of photosynthesis
  • The process by which plants oxidize carbohydrates to derive energy for their operations
  • Release CO2, water, and heat energy into the environment
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21
Q

What limits the geographic range of Megapodes?

A

They build huge mound nests that are conspicious and easy for predators to spot and destroy. Therefore, these birds cannot live where predators exist. (abiotic factor)

22
Q

What are abiotic examples?

A
  • Climate
  • Nutrients
  • Sunlight
  • Forest Fire
  • Water
  • Oxygen
  • Temperature
  • Soil
23
Q

What is abiotic?

A

Non-living

24
Q

What is biotic?

A

Living things

25
Q

What are biotic examples?

A
  • Biological Influences
  • Insects
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Hawks
26
Q

What would a negative glacial mass balance indicate?

A

The glacier is becoming smaller

27
Q

It is thought that natural selection can lead to speciation if the different populations are ________ from each other, and no longer interbreeding, natural selection should be free to act on each ________, molding it to its specific environment. Here, geography links with biology, because _______ is the best way for populations to be genetically isolated from each other, that is, for _______ between populations to be inhibited.

A

Isolated

Species

Geographic distance

Gene Flow

28
Q

What is a cladogram?

A
  • A diagram used in cladistics which shows relations among organisms
  • Species closer together on the cladogram are more closely related
29
Q

What does endemic mean?

A

Restricted to one place

30
Q

What does a plant stomata do?

A
  • They let water out and CO2 in
  • More water released = more CO2 let in
31
Q

Why don’t trees grow taller than they do?

A
  • Limits on resources and a tree’s ability to grow (resistance to flow, gravity, etc.)
32
Q

Why don’t trees in the tropics or in areas of cold deciduos broadleaf forest lose their leaves in the winter?

A
  • Tropics: little to no seasonality, actually a disadvantage to shed their leaves
  • Cold decid: broadleaf forest- too great an investment
33
Q

Why aren’t areas of Meditteranean Sea…..?

A
  • Frequent fires
34
Q

What was Alfred Wallace’s explanation for why closely related species…?

A
  • The closely related species have descended from the same ancestral species
35
Q

How does glacial ice form?

A
  • Snow
  • Firn: like snow but denser
  • Glacial Ice
36
Q

What is an equation we can use to characterize (or quantify) glacial mass balance as?

A

b = ac- aa

  • b to represent glacial mass balance
  • ac to represent ice accumulation
  • aa to represent ice ablation
37
Q

What is a sign of glaciation?

A

U shaped valleys

38
Q

What is the order of classyfing species?

A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
39
Q

What are some common barriers?

A
  • Oceans
  • Mountains
  • Deserts
40
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Both species benefit

41
Q

What is commensalism?

A

One organism benefits, but the other is not affected (no benefit or harm)

42
Q

What is predation or parasitism?

A

One organism benefits at the expense of another

43
Q

What is competition?

A

No organism benefits

44
Q

Which biotic influence limits geographic distribution?

A

Competition because it restrics conditions within their niche

45
Q

What is Darwin’s analogy with selective breeding?

A

Each species is gradually molded to its place (similar to niche) by natural selection

46
Q

The following is a _____?

A

Till

47
Q

The following is a ______?

A

Cirque

48
Q

Alfre Wallace recognized a common pattern in which geographic ranges of closely related species are close together (for example, polar bearsand brown bears live near one another). What was his explanation for why closely related species live in close proximity?

A

The closely related species have descended from the same ancestral species

49
Q

What is Wallace’s Line?

A

A zone separating the biographic realm containing Australia and nearby islands from the realm containing South Asia and neighboring islands

50
Q

What is speciation?

A

The emergence of new species by evolution from an ancentral species

51
Q

What does it mean when a species is endemic to Texas?

A

It lives nowhere else besides Texas

GEOG 203 (6 decks)

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