Final Exam

Question 1

What is the goal of regulation of ventilation

Answer 1

keep arterial levels of O2 and CO2 constant

Question 2

Where do we have nuclei associated with respiratory control

Answer 2

Nucleus tractus solitarius in medulla (dorsal respiratory group)

Question 3

True or false; the dorsal respiratory group (in nucleus solitarius) is rhythmically self excitatory

Answer 3

true (excites muscles of inspiration) - via ramp

Question 4

Where does the dorsal respiratory group (in nucleus solitarius) receive input from?

Answer 4

peripheral chemoreceptors
baroreceptors
receptors in the lungs

Question 5

During respiration when ramp is off (no efferents from nucleus solitarius) what is happening to the air in the lungs

Answer 5

passive recoil (expiration) - could have forced expiration during this time as well

Question 6

How long is the ramp signal from the dorsal respiratory group (nucleus solitarius) typically ON for

Answer 6

2 seconds (inspiration)

Question 7

How long is the ramp signal from the dorsal respiratory group (nucleus solitarius) typically OFF for

Answer 7

3 seconds (passive recoil-expiration)

Question 8

What is the job of the pneumotaxic center?

Answer 8

inhibits the duration of inspiration by turning of dorsal respiratory group ramp signal after start of inspiration

Question 9

Stimulation of the pneumotaxic center will do what to respiration

Answer 9

increase by decreasing duration of inspiration (short shallow breaths)

Question 10

Inhibition of the pneumaotaxic center will do what to respiration

Answer 10

Decrease by increasing duration of inspiration (low deep breaths)

Question 11

True or false; the dorsal respiratory group is self excitatory and stimulates muscles of inspiration

Answer 11

true

Question 12

The ventral respiratory group of neurons can do what

Answer 12

Can stimulate muscles of either inspiration or expiration

Question 13

True or false; stretch receptors or proprioceptors out in the body can inhibit or stimulate the dorsal respiratory group

Answer 13

true (taking deep breaths)

Question 14

What is the herring-breuer inflation reflex

Answer 14

Stretch receptors in the walls of airways that when stretched at tidal volumes (>1500 ml) which inhibits DRG (dorsal respiratory group)

Question 15

True or false; there are irritant receptors among airway epithelium

Answer 15

true; stimulation causes coughing, sneezing, and possible airway constriction

Question 16

J receptors in alveoli next to pulmonary caps when stimulated causes what?

Answer 16

create feeling of dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

Question 17

What causes increase in ventilation in cells

Answer 17

Increase in CO2

Question 18

True or false; you have central and peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to what?

Answer 19

Increase in CO2 but not an decrease in O2

peripheral are sensitive to both

Question 20

How do peripheral chemoreceptors differ from central

Answer 20

Peripheral are sensitive to increases in CO2 and decrease in O2

Question 21

If you had a rise in CO2 in both blood and CSF what would have a greater impact on central chemoreceptors

Answer 21

In CSF