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Govt 490 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Eric Voegelin

A

Philosopher of history
“The New Science of Politics”
Saw communism as the most recent of man’s many attempts to forge a shortcut.

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2
Q

Robert Nisbet

A

“Quest for Community”
Conservative Sociologist
Sensitive to the rise of the ‘national community’

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3
Q

Russell Kirk

A

Traditionalist
“Conservative Mind”
Outlined 6 canons of conservativism
Developed 3 types of imagination: Moral, Idyllic, diabolic.

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4
Q

Whitaker Chambers

A

“Witness”
Anti communist/counterrevolutionary,
Exposed Alger Hiss.

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5
Q

Friedrich Hayek

A

Austrian Economist

“Road to Serfdom”

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6
Q

Karl Marx

A

Believes in the negative reason why power tends to snowball which is Impetus to reduce rivals to impotence. Economics is a positive-sum game not a zero-sum game

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7
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Thesis: state of nature is always a state of war.

War is the natural human condition; issue is how to achieve peace

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8
Q

Edmund Burke

A

1789 conservative

Originated the phrase “moral imagination”

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9
Q

John Rawls

A

Best summarized the differences between traditional justice and “social justice.”
“Fair” equality of opportunity=”formal” equality of opportunity.
“Undeserved inequalities call for redress.”

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10
Q

Joseph Schumpter

A

“The first thing a man will do for his ideals is lie.”

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11
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Gave the best summary of Natural Law
Moral law is right for all and known to all.
Derived principles are derived from this core by deduction or with the help of prudence.

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12
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

“Prince”- handbook for the art of policy

Saw realism as the effective truth of politics.

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13
Q

Jean Bodin

A

State based on families
French Lawyer
“Six Books of Commonwealth.”

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14
Q

Adam Smith

A

“Wealth of Nations”

Based on Newton’s conception of Natural Law

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15
Q

Plato

A

Justice is a regulative virtue.

Ius=both law and right: giving to each his due.

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16
Q

Signs of Political Progress in Modern Nation

A
  1. Modern States with liberty have a longer life
  2. Progress in liberty and Wealth
  3. Liberty Advancing and requiring the advancement of civilization and culture
  4. Resilience despite ruinous difficulties
  5. Civil liberty without enslaving the lower classes
  6. Fair penal trials
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17
Q

Mimetic Rivalries

A

Exists at the very heart of human social relations, our neighbor is the model for our desires

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18
Q

Imitation of Christ

A

Jesus asks us to imitate his own desire because

(1) his goal is to become the perfect image of God and
(2) he invites us to imitate his own imitation. Imitate the detached generosity of God.

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19
Q

Roman Law

A

Idea that law could be legislated with the revival of the Christianized Romans.

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20
Q

Tibal Law

A

People bound to each other by oath: emphasis on community

Kings are guardians of the law.

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21
Q

Parliaments

A 
Cooperative Partnership (separation of powers)
Originated in France and England
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22
Q

Moral Challenge of Christianity

A

The gospel message and its implications
Accountability of every soul
Elevation of the humble

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23
Q

Nostalgia for the lost world of the Republic

A

This was a counterpoint to the monarchical loyalty of the early modern period and came to dominate Enlightenment criticism.

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24
Q

Liberal View of the State

A

Descends from medieval conceptions of freedom and kingship

State sustains a civic order to be enjoyed (diversity)

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25
Q

Idealist View of the State

A

The stat is a repressive thing that needs to be humanized (political moralism)

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26
Q

Socialism

A

A reflection on the relationship between politics and the economy
Requires that they be distinguished from each other

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27
Q

Nationalism

A

Doctrine that every culture ought to be self determining

28
Q

Mercantilism

A

International trade treated as a zero-sum game.

Trade monopolies

29
Q

National Interest

A

Whatever a state, judges as necessary to its security.

30
Q

Wars of Emulation

A

Grecian Wars

31
Q

Office Responsibilities

A

1) raw brutalities of power are converted into the suavities of authority
(2) Power=skill by which a ruler uses his authority to get things done
(3) Abuses of authority and ‘logrolling’ in politics

32
Q

Conservatism

A

Flirts with utopianism

33
Q

Social Contract

A

A form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and good of each associate, and may still abbey himself alone and remain as free as before.
These clauses of this contract are everywhere the same and everywhere recognized.

34
Q

Prisoner’s Dilemma

A

Trust is risky but can have the greatest pay off.

35
Q

Constitutive Illusion of Ideology

A

Possibility of a structure of society whose achievement would allow rational actors to create a happy world.

36
Q

Political Moralism

A

Treats the independence of citizens as a Barrier to its project of moralizing the world.

37
Q

Reinterpreting political problems as managerial problems

A

Human beings, Managers of equality, and death of politics.

38
Q

Why Budziszewski became a Nihilist

A
  1. Radical politics
  2. Sin led to a search for reasons to doubt god’s existence 3. False anthropology taught in school
  3. Moral propositions demoted from fact to opinion
  4. Disbelieving in God as a form of payback
  5. Confusion of science with a materialist worldview
  6. Influence of philosophy from nietzche
  7. Pride.
39
Q

Why things get worse so fast

A

The passive conscience is mainly a restraint that is weakened by neglect, the conscience comes from culture and is built in us from outside
Neither explanations can account for wickedness
The depraved conscience is an active force that comes from within and that can drive us.

40
Q

Stages of sin

A

Temptation, Toleration, Approval

41
Q

Objective Needs of Guilty Knowledge

A

Confession, Atonement, Reconciliation, and Justification

42
Q

Two Diminishers

A

(1) time lag- consequences may only felt generations later (2) Attempts to escape consequences

43
Q

Axiom

A

We cannot alter human nature

44
Q

Corollary

A

Our contrivances can delay or worsen the natural consequences of breaking the natural law but not cancel them.

45
Q

Types of Communitarianism

A

Demonic: the community itself is the source of value
Accountable: The community submits itself to values of which it is not the source but can be identified by all. Narrative: here the values cannot be identified at all.

46
Q

Propitiationism

A

I should do unto others as they want rather than need

47
Q

Expropriationism

A

I may take from others to help the need

48
Q

Solipsism

A

Human beings make themselves, belong to themselves, and have value in and of themselves

49
Q

Absolutionism

A

We cannot be blamed when we violate the moral law

50
Q

Perfectionism

A

Human effort is adequate to cure human evil

51
Q

Universalism

A

The human race forms a harmony whose division are ultimately unreal or unimportant

52
Q

Neutralism

A

The virtue of tolerance requires suspending judgments about good and evil.

53
Q

Collectivism

A

The state is more important to the child than the family .

54
Q

The Quantitative Fallacy

A

The more you tolerate, the more tolerant you are.

55
Q

The Skeptical Fallacy

A

The more you doubt, the more tolerant you are

56
Q

The Apologetic Fallacy

A

The more lacking courage you are, the more tolerant you are.

57
Q

Regnum

A

Civil Community

58
Q

Madhahib

A

Sects

59
Q

Awqaf

A

Charitable Foundations

60
Q

Qiyas

A

Analogy

61
Q

al-muhajiroun

A

Exiles

62
Q

the Falasifa of Al-Farabi

A

Thinkers influenced by Greek Philosophers

63
Q

Shahada

A

Bearing witness

64
Q

Hijrah

A

Pilgrimage

65
Q

Zakat

A

Obligatory Charity

66
Q

Sawm

A

Annual Fast

Govt 490 (5 decks)

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