Final Exam Flashcards
Relief Printing
- Flexographic or letterpress
- raised rubber, plastic, wood or metal
- Plastic Bags and six uses (separate card)
- Johann Guttenberg, 1450
Intaglio Printing
- Roto Gravure
- Sunken Cylinder
- More than one million impressions, high quality magazines, packaging, fake wood
- Karl Kleach, 1875
Screen Printing
- Silk Screen/Seriography
- Stencil
- T-shirts, irregularly shaped objects
- Created in the orient, 1300’s
Lithographic Printing
- Offset/”Stone writing”
- Uses a flat plate that one part like H2O and ink
- Business cards, memo pads, textbooks
- Alois Senefelder, 1798
Electrostatic
- Digital/non-impact
- Drum that is positively charged, negatively charged ink
- Xerox, quick copy
- Chester Carlson, 1937
Printer’s Measurements
72 Point = 1 Inch
6 Picas = 1 Inch
12 points = 1 Pica
Uses for Printer’s Measurements
Inches are for page dimensions
Picas are for line length
Points are for type size
Film Structure
1) Anti-halationon Backing
2) Base + order of chemical development
3) Emulsion Silver Halides
Emulsion + Order of Chemical Development
- Developer (Base)
- Step Bath (Acid)
- Fix (Hardens)
- Wash at 68F or 20C
VDP
Variable Data Printing
Line Copy
Composed entirely of lines
ex. sketches
Continuous Tone Copy
Consists of images in a variety of tones
ex. photograph
Halftone Copy
A reproduction of continuous tone color in magazine or book
Halftone Screen
Uses dpi, lpi, ppi. For continuous color
Tint Screen
A tint that breaks solid areas into uniform series of dots. % of dotes for line copy.
Lithographic Plates
Consist of hydrophilic (accepts water) and hydrophobic areas (Repels water and accepts ink)
CTP plates
Computer to Plate (used in lab for notepads)
XXX
Gripper Margin
Press Overview
1) Feed
2) Registration
3) Print Unit
4) Delivery
Types of Cylinders of Offset Presses
1) Plate: Right reading
2) Blanket: soft rubber, wrong reading
3) Impression: Metal
Principle of Offset
Water and ink don’t mix
Duplicators
Any offset lithographic machine that can feed a maximum of 11x17 inches and minimum of 3x5. They can print 5,000 to 10,000 impressions per hour.
True Press
Is an 4-unit press and can feed a sheet size of 54x77 and a minimum sheet size of 11x17. Much larger unit
pH Scale
Metric scale that shows how acidic (14) or alkaline (0, vinegar) )substance are. It stand for the potential of hydrogen.
Successive Feeder (Gap)
Mechanical fingers pick up one sheet from the top of the pile and direct it into the registration unit
Stream Feeder (Overlap)
Overlaps sheets on the registration board and slows the rate of sheet movement significantly
Delivery Units
Gravity delivery: is the simpler or less dependable of the two designs
Chan Gripper Delivery: the most popular delivery unit; the press sheet is pulled through the printing and delivery unit to a different set of grippers on the chain of the delivery unit.
Substrate
Any base material that receives an image
Ink
Is pigments dispersed in a vehicle with additives
Basic Ink Properties
1) Viscosity: Body of ink
2) Tack: Stickiness
3) Drying Quality
Viscosity
High: Thick and Heavy, screen and offset
Low: light and fluid, flexographic and gravure
Drying Quality
Hardens by:
1) Oxidation: combine with oxygen
2) Penetration: absorbed into the substrate
3) Evaporation: Most of the ink evaporates leaving emulsions onto the paper
Rheology
Science of Flow
Three Main Ingredients
1) Pigments: Black or White
2) Vehicles: Grouped by how they dry
3) Additives: Characteristics-wax, scuffing, dry
i. e: reducers, driers, binding varnish, waxes, cornstarch, anti-skinning agents
Thixotropic Inks
Rubber based ink, heavy and stiff in can, fluid on press
Trapping Inks
refers to the degree of ink transfer onto wet and dry ink films already on the substrate
Transparent
Pigments that allow light to pass through, four process colors
Opaque
Light can’t pass through
PMS
Pantone Matching System: a universal method for specifying and mixing colors.
Two Major Processes in Making Paper
Pulp Manufacturing, Mate paper
Slurry
Cellulose fibers suspended in water
Types of woods used to make paper
Softwoods: Coniferous
Hardwoods: Deciduous
Fourdrinier Machine
1) Head box: Slurry is prepared in large mixing vat
2) Mix is poured onto a moving mesh screen
3) Drying End
Grain
Cellulose fibers align in direction of screen movement
- Always fold with the grain if possible
How to Weigh Paper
Substance weight and basic weight = weight of 500 sheets of paper in the parent size.
500 sheets=1 ream
M Weight = 1,000 sheets
C Weight=100 sheets
Basic Size
Coarse paper: Industrial (corrugated)
Fine paper: Printing
Largest in the family of fine papers: book or offset
Writing/Cover/Bristol/Other: ???????????
C1S
coated one side
C2S
coated two side
coated vs. uncoated paper
claylike material fills porous surface vs. open porus newsprint
Ts’ai Lun
hand made modern made paper in AD 105 until 1798 automated Fourdrinier
Uncoated paper
newsprint, ground wood
Screen Printing
oldest form of printing originated in the orient
Stencil
1) Hand-cut
2) Tush and glue
3) photographic
A- indirect: expose emulsion then put on mesh
B- direct: emulsion put directly on screen then exposed
Screen Fabric
mono filment or multi filment
How to squeegee
45 degree slant or angle drag
2 color screen printing
Light color first
Dimensionally Stable Screens
wood or metal
Most Dangerous Area
Bindery
Folding
- Can be done parallel or right angle
- Can be done by:
- Hand: bone
- Machine: knife
- Buckle: our lab
Signature
a large single press sheet folded and trimmed to form a book.
Bindings
1) Adhesive: (a. Padding b. Perfect c. Patent)
2) Side: (a. Staple/stitch/looseleaf b. comb: mechanical/wire c. side sewn
3) Saddle: (a. Wire stitch, b. self cover, c. case bound)
Gravure Printing
jagged saw tooth edge to it
Flexo Printing
halo edge
Offset Printing
even edge
Screen Printing
thick or varying ink deposit
Digital Printing
splatter/spatter, even edge
