Final Exam 2 Flashcards
A min amt of bacteria/ viruses is needed to a successful infections.
T.
Facultative pathogenic bacteria cause disease in case of predisposing factors.
T.
Virulence of an agent can be characterized with it’s LD50 value.
T.
Certain mycotoxins have immune suppressive effect.
T.
Intrauterine infection can result in immune tolerance in case of some diseases.
T.
Intrauterine infection can result embryonic death in the case of some diseases.
T.
Ab are used for the treatment of some viral diseases to prevent 2º infections.
T.
Colostrum is ø important in protection of calves since the Ab can go through placenta.
F.
Urinary bladder wall oedema is a typical lesion in dogs after canine adenovirus 1 infection.
F.
Cholelithiasis is frequently seen in Ov adenovirus 4 infections of rams.
F.
The egg drop syndrome virus may cause respiratory disease in young geese.
T?
Aviadenoviruses frequently cause encephalitis in chicken.
F.
Canine parvoviruses do ø infect cats.
F.
Canine parvovirus attacks lymphoid cells.
T.
Fel panleukopenia infection can cause fever.
T.
Attenuated vaccines can be used against aleutian mink disease.
F.
Aleutian mink disease can induce interstitial pneumonia in young.
T.
Typical CS of derzsy’s disease are results of infection < 5 wks of age.
T.
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis cause death of goshlings.
T.
Circovirus infections are immune suppressive.
T.
Herpesviruses are typically stenoxen viruses, but they are significant exceptions.
T.
The infectious Bo rhinotracheitis virus ( IBoRV) may spread via semen.
T.
Pregnant cows should be immunized with inactivated vaccines against IBoRV.
T.
MCF is frequently seen in cats.
F.
Cattle should be vaccinated against MCF.
F.
Car are the reservoir hosts of Aujeszky’s disease virus.
F.
CN signs of Aujeszky’s disease are rarely seen in adult Sus.
T.
Dogs should be vaccinated against Aujeszky’s disease virus.
F.
Equid herpesvirus 4 more frequently causes encephalitis than Equid herpesvirus 1.
F.
Equid herpesvirus 5 may play a role in horse multinodular pulmonary fibrosis syndrome.
T.
Fel herpesvirus 1 spreads slowly in cat populations.
F.
Fel infectious rhinotracheitis often results in abortion of pregnant queens.
T.
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken.
T.
Duck plague only affects young ducklings.
F.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus is shed mainly with faeces.
F.
Turkey herpesvirus can be used as vaccine against MD.
T.
MD is usually seen in chicken < 2 wks of age.
T.
MD virus is shed with faeces in high titres.
F.
Signs of MD may be very similar to reticuloendotheliosis signs.
T.
People are susceptible to cowpox virus infection.
T.
People are susceptible to pseudocowpox infection.
T.
Pseudocowpox infections result long lasting immunity.
F.
Drinking H2O cannot transmit infective agents since it is hypoosmotic.
F.
In the case of iatrogenic infections the infective agents are transmitted by Vet.
T.
Intrauterine infection does ø occur since the placenta protects foetus.
F.
In the case of cyclozoonoses arthropods are responsible for maintaining the infections.
F.
An euryxen agent can infect several host sp.
T.
In the case of a local infection, the site of entry + the lesions are at the same place.
T.
The incubation time is the time between the appearance of CS + death of animal.
F.
When the CS disappear, shedding the agent is finished.
F.
In case of an abortive infection ø CS will be seen.
T.
In the case of latent infection only mild CS will be seen.
F.
Subunit vaccines contain only Ag of the agents.
T.
Certain diseases can be eradicated with generation shift.
T.
Canine adenovirus serotype 1 may cause encephalitis in certain Car hosts.
T.
Only inactivated vaccines are available against infectious canine hepatitis infections.
F.
Infertility + abortions are the most significant signs of Bo adenovirus infections.
F.
Avian adenovirus spread both vertically + horizontally.
T.
EDS usually appears in the beginning of laying season.
F.
The turkey haemorrhagic enteritis + the marble spleen disease are caused by the same virus.
T.
Fel panleukopenia is present worldwide.
T.
Fel panleukopenia may be caused by canine parvovirus.
T.
Aleutian mink disease virus induces enteritis in older minks.
F.
Inactivated vaccines are used against Aleutian mink disease.
F.
The 1º site of replication of Derzsy’s disease virus is the gut.
T.
Infection < 5 wks of age results in severe CS of Derzsy’s disease.
T.
Haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis of geese is only praevalent in France.
F.
Infection of d old chickens with the chicken anaemia virus leads to immune suppression.
T.
Porcine circoviruses are responsible for a variety of clinical cond.
T.
Porcine circovirus replicates in myocardium of foetus.
T.
Porcine circoviruses cannot be responsible for reproductive disorders.
F.
Herpesvirus infections frequently result in latent virus carry.
T.
Herpesviruses are strong Ag, therefore single vaccinations provide lifelong protection.
F.
Ab against IBoRV might be detected in milk.
T.
The most frequently used eradication strategy for IBoRV is selection with the help of marker vaccines.
T.
Bo herpes mamillitis virus causes lesions on skin of milkers, therefore it is a zoonotic agent.
F.
Goats are the reservoir hosts of MCF virus.
F.
Convalescent Sus are life- long carriers + potential shedders of Aujeszky’s disease virus.
T.
Sus are immunized against Aujeszky’s disease virus usually with gE -ve marker vaccines.
T.
The equid herpesvirus 1 may cause abortion storms in studs.
T.
Pregnant mares abort usually several wks after equid herpesvirus 1 infection.
T.
Abortion is frequent complication of coital exanthema in mares.
F.
Equid herpesvirus 2 may cause keratoconjunctivitis in foals.
T.
Fel infectious rhinotracheitis is characterized by inflammation of upper respiratory tract.
T.
Crowded area, poor general cond + stress contribute significantly to development of fel infectious rhinotracheitis.
T.
Prolonged contact is usually needed for successful transmission of fel infectious rhinotracheitis.
T.
Sneezing is typical for fel infectious rhinotracheitis.
T.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus is typically transmitted by germinative route.
F.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus replicates in liver of cats.
F.
Conjunctivitis is frequently associated with infectious laryngotracheitis.
T.
MD virus survives for long in environment.
T.
MD is caused by Turkey herpesvirus.
F.
Transient Marek paralysis may lead to visceral form.
T.
Parapox virus infections induce long lasting immunity.
F.
Cowpox virus is frequently present in rodents.
T.
Contagious pustular dermatitis is often deadly at any age.
F.
There is ø min number of agents necessary to infection, because they can replicate in host.
F.
Some infective agents have immunosuppressive effect.
T.
The foetus has ø immune reaction.
F.
Abortive is the main sign of abortive infection.
F.
Animals with tolerated infection shed agent.
T.
Certain parts of genome are missing from deletion vaccine strains.
T.
For safety reasons only inactivated vaccines are used.
F.
Adenoviruses are enveloped viruses, therefore they are sensitive to detergents.
F.
Canine adenoviral hepatitis is relatively rare in developed countries, because many dogs are vaccinated against it.
T.
Glaucoma is a frequent sign of peracute canine infectious hepatitis.
F.
Canine adenovirus 2 mainly causes abortions + infertility.
F.
In crowded keeping cond the consequences of Bo adenovirus infections are usually more severe.
T.
Avian adenoviruses are exclusively transmitted by mosquitoes.
F.
Ab therapy is forbidden in turkey haemorrhagic enteritis.
F.
Porcine parvovirus ( PPV 1) vaccinations start at/ after 6 mnths of age.
T.
PPV 1 is transmitted through feacal- oral route.
T.
PPV 1 is endemic in most Sus herds.
T.
Canine parvovirus can replicate in myocardium of young pups.
T.
Porcine parvovirus 4 is usually involved in reproductive disorders.
T.
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis causes death of goshling.
T.
Goose haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis is frequent in ducks.
F.
Infection of d old chickens with the chicken anaemia virus leads to immune suppression.
T.
Feather + beak deformities may appear after circovirus infection of geese + pigeons.
T.
Porcine circovirus vaccines are available both for sows + for piglets.
T.
Porcine circoviruses are present worldwide.
T.
Herpesviruses are enveloped viruses, therefore they are sensitive to detergents.
T.
Because Bo herpesvirus 1 causes latent infections; it is ø possible to eradicate it from a cattle population.
F.
Bo herpesvirus 1 may cause encephalitis in calves.
T.
Only inactivated vaccines are available against Bo herpesvirus 1.
F.
Bo herpesvirus 2 may cause generalised skin lesions.
T.
The incubation period of MCF is < 1 wk.
F.
Rats are the reservoir hosts of Aujeszky’s disease.
F.
Pregnant sows may abort in Aujeszky’s disease.
T.
Suis herpesvirus 2 may cause upper respiratory tract disease in piglets.
T.
Vaccinated horses cannot get infected with Equid herpesvirus 1.
F.
Equid herpesvirus 1 associated abortions are always sporadic.
F.
Equid herpesvirus 5 causes encephalitis in foals.
F.
Infectious laryngotracheitis can be deadly in chickens.
T.
Conjunctivitis is frequently associated with infectious laryngotracheitis.
T.
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus is typically transmitted by germinative route.
F.
Pigeon herpesvirus infection causes feather development problems.
F.
The acute form of MD is characterized by tumor development.
T.
The chronic form of MD is characterized by neurological disorders.
T.
The chronic form of MD is due to viruses of higher virulence.
F.
In case of direct infection tissues of the infected animal are contacted with tissues of the host.
T.
Arthropod borne infections are indirect infections.
T.
Vertical infection does ø occur in mammals.
F.
Horizontally infections happen only in birds.
F.
Colostrum is the only way of receiving maternal protection in calves.
T.
The Ig content of colostrum is ø changed in 1st wk after birth.
F.
Calves can absorb maternal ab for a wk after birth.
F.
Maternal Ab can inhibit certain immunisation.
T.
Herd replacement is the cheapest way of eradication of a disease.
F.
Eradication with selection method can be combined with use of vaccines.
T.
There are ø serological cross- reactions between different adenovirus sp.
F.
Adenovirus infections always result in severe disease.
F.
Canine adenovirus 1 damages endothelial cells.
T.
Elevated ALT + AST levels in serum are potential signs of canine infectious hepatitis.
T.
Canine adenovirus 2 frequently contributes to the kennel cough syndrome.
T.
The quality + amt of colostrum uptake influence the severity of adenoviral pneumoenteritis in calves.
T.
In immunocompromised foals eq adenovirses may cause severe respiratory disease.
T.
Intranuclear inclusion bodies are frequently seen in adenovirus- infected tissues.
T.
Canine parvovirus is shed with faeces.
T.
Canine parvoviruses do ø infect cats.
F.
Aleutian mink disease virus can infect ferrets.
T.
Porcine circovirus 2 replicates in the myocardium of fetus.
T.
Porcine circovirus can be transmitted by mice + rats.
T.
The Derzsy’s disease virus may induce diarrhea in growing geese.
T.
Chicken anaemia virus is transmitted both horizontally + vertically.
T.
Haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis virus can be transmitted both vertically + horizontally.
T.
Haemorrhagic enteritis + nephritis virus replicates in BV endothel.
T.
There are ø serological cross reactions between different herpesvirus sp.
F.
Because the genome of herpesviruses is very stable, ø attenuated mutant vaccine strains are available.
F.
Bo herpesvirus 1 may be transmitted through semen.
T.
Bo herpesvirus 2 is the most frequent 1º cause of mastitis in cattle.
F.
MCF is quickly spreading from cattle to cattle.
F.
Cattle should be vaccinated against MCF in every 6 mnths.
F.
The Suid herpesvirus 1 frequently causes encephalitis in humans.
F.
Liquid manure may play a role in transmission of Suid herpesvirus 1 from Sus to cattle.
T.
Discriminative ELISA tests may differentiate between vaccinated Sus wild type Suid- herpesvirus infected ones.
T.
Equid herpesvirus 1 may cause subclinical infection in horses.
T.
Herpesvirus 3 can be transmitted through mating.
T.
Fel infectious rhinotracheitis can be treated with specific hyperimmune sera.
T.
Fel infectious rhinotracheitis is characterized by inflammation of upper respiratory tract.
T.
Abortion is uncommon in fel rhinotracheitis of pregnant animals.
F.
Treatment is the most effective control method for duck viral enteritis.
F.
Duck plague is more severe in wild birds than in domestic ducks.
F.
Duck plague is only seen in d old ducklings.
F.
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of duck plague.
T.
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of infectious laryngotracheitis of chicken.
T.
MD is the result of airborn infection.
T.
Pigeon herpesvirus mainly affect young pigeons.
T.
Cowpox can cause lesions in humans.
T.
IBDV type 2 is used for immunization of chicken against infectious bursal disease.
F.
Vaccination against bluetongue provides serotype- specific protection.
T.
Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe.
T.
Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity.
F.
BVDV cannot be propagated in cell cultures.
F.
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks.
F.
Endothelial damages are the most important causes of CS of bluetongue.
T.
Conjunctivitis can be a sign of atypical myxomatosis.
T?
Talfan disease is caused by viruses of decreased virulence.
T.
Sus Vesicular disease is present worldwide.
T.
Encephalomyocarditis infections are rare.
F.
Sus vesicular disease is frequent among Sus.
F.
Wild boars may be chronically infected with ASF virus.
T.
Sus vesicular disease is present worldwide.
T.
Sheep pox + goat pox viruses are resistant in the environment.
T.
Sheep pox virus can cause skin lesions in humans.
F.
Lumpy skin disease causes high mortality in cattle.
F.
Sus pox virus can infects Sus at every age.
T.
SC swellings are frequent signs of myxomatosis.
T.
Attenuated vaccines are available against myxomatosis.
T.
Fowlpox virus can infects only chicken.
F.
The diphtheritic form of fowlpox is usually less severe than cutaneous.
F.
ASF is endemic in sardinia.
T.
The resistance of ASF virus is very low.
F.
ASF is generally transmitted by mosquitoes.
F.
ASF can cause disease in humans.
F.
Only Sus are susceptible to teschovirus encephalomyelitis.
T.
Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is shed in faeces.
T.
Talfan disease occurs in all age grps.
F.
There is widespread vaccination to control teschovirus encephalomyelitis.
F.
Sus vesicular disease occurs only in Africa, it never occurred in Europe.
F.
Sus vesicular disease virus can be shed by asymptomattic carriers.
T.
Sus vesicular disease virus can cause viraemia.
T.
Sus vesicular disease virus can infect only Sus.
T.
Avian encephalomyelitis virus can infect chicken.
T.
CS of avian encephalomyelitis can be seen in animals up to 5 wks of age.
T.
There is ø germinative infection in the case of avian encephalomyelitis.
F.
Avian encephalomyelitis virus is shed in faeces.
T.
Duck hepatitis occurs only is USA.
F.
Agent of duck hepatitis are shed in faeces.
T.
Duck hepatitis can be seen in ducklings up to 4 wks of age.
F.
Spasmodical paddling + opisthotonus are typical signs of duck hepatitis.
T.
FMD virus can infect Ru + Sus.
T.
FMD virus is uniform, there are ø serotype/ subtypes.
F.
The resistance of FMD virus is low.
F.
Animals with FMD shed virus in saliva.
T.
Animals can be infected with FMD by inhalation.
T.
The mortality of FMD is very high in all age grps.
F.
Sus shed more FMD virus than cattle.
T.
Vaccination using attenuated vaccines is the main way of control of FMD in EU.
F.
Lameness is 1 of the signs of vesicular exanthema in Sus.
T.
Vaccines are widely used for the prevention against Sus vesicular exanthema.
F.
Virulent strains of fel calicivirus can cause severe systemic syndrome.
T.
Hepatic necrosis is a frequent lesion of RHD.
T.
A serotype 8 of bluetongue virus strain caused severe outbreak in EU in 2006 - 2009.
T.
Eq + dogs are susceptible to bluetongue virus.
F.
Bluetongue virus may cause foetal developmental problems.
T.
Ibaraki disease virus can be used to immunize cattle against bluetongue.
F.
African horse sickness virus is endemic in Russia since 2008.
F.
SC oedema is a frequent sign of the cardiac form of African horse sickness.
T.
The chronic form of African Horse sickness may be similar to EIA.
T.
African Horse sicknes is a communicable disease.
T.
Rotavirus infect only mammalians.
F.
Bacterial infections frequently complicate orthoreovirus associated diseases in calves.
T.
Tryp- sensitive avian orthoreovirus usually cause respiratory disease in birds.
T.
Yolk immunity does ø influence the efficacy of vaccination against avian orthoreovirus.
F.
The infectious bursal disease virus is transmitted only vertically.
F.
Infectious bursal disease virus is a zoonotic virus.
F.
Anaemia + depression are frequent signs of Infectious bursal disease.
T.
Only inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bursal disease.
F.
Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horse in East- Asia + in Australia only.
F.
Several Togavirus are zoonotic agents.
T.
Early sign of eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever.
T.
ø vaccines are available against togavirus.
F.
The louping ill is present only in tropical + subtropical countries.
F.
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmision of WNV.
F.
WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle.
F.
West nile fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the bases of CS.
F.
Attenuated vaccine strains against the Bo viral diarrhea virus may have foetopathic effects.
T.
Eradication programmes against BoVD virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals.
T.
Border disease is most frequently seen in horses.
F.
In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance.
T.
All wild type strains of CSFV are highly virulent.
F.
6 distinct serotypes of CSFV have been identified so far.
F.
CSFV is an arbovirus.
F.
CSFV is a zoonotic agent.
F.
CSFV may cause reproductive disorders.
T.
Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF.
T.
The domestic Sus population of most EU countries are free from CSF.
T.
The akabane disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
T.
The Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
T.
The Rift valley virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
F.
The nairobi disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
F.
Avian nephritis virus is transmitted by rodents.
F.
Chickens are frequently sero+ve for avian nephritis.
T.
Vesicular exanthema of Sus is similar in CS to FMD.
T.
Encephalitis is a frequent sign of RHD.
F.
RHD virus is transmitted by mosquitoes.
F.
RHD is characterized by rapid progression.
T.
Australia is free of RHD.
F.
RHD virus usually causes death in 1 - 3 wks old rabbits.
F.
There are ø vaccines available against RHD.
F.
Up to 100% of susceptible rabbits may be killed by RHD.
T.
The incubation time of RHD is usually >3 wks.
F.
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas.
F.
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far.
F.
Zebras are more resistant to African horse sickness than horses.
T.
Immunized horses may develop a chronic febrile form of African horse sickness.
T.
Avian orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds.
T.
Lameness is a frequent CS of bluetongue in sheep.
T.
Eastern Equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses.
F.
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses.
T.
The Tick- borne encephalitis is widespread in N. America.
F.
Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick- borne encephalitis virus infection.
T.
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick- borne encephalitis.
T.
Abortion + foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep.
F.
Wild birds are the natural hosts of WNV.
T.
Mammals are usually accidental, dead-end hosts of WNV.
T.
WNV causes central nervous sign in 80 - 90% of the infections.
F.
WNV outbreaks usually develop in the end of Summer + in autumn.
T.
WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures.
F.
Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections.
T.
Viruses of Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of Flavivirus genus.
T.
2 genotypes of the BVDV are known.
T.
BVDV forms 1 serotypes, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains.
T.
Persistently infected animals play major role in the maintenance + spread of BVDV.
T.
BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression.
T.
In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves.
F.
BVDV in sheep causes border disease- like illness.
T.
The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for mnths.
T.
CSFV typically damages endothelial- + lymphatic tissues.
T.
The shedding of CSFV begins 1- 2 d after the appearance of CS.
T.
CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets.
F.
Erysipelas + Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause CS + pathology lesions similar to CSF.
T.
Wild boar may play a role in maintenance + spread of CSFV.
T.
Several bunyaviruses are zoonotic agents.
T.
Serological cross- reactions are frequent between related bunyaviruses.
T.
Abortions + foetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease.
T.
The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever + reduced milk production.
T.
Certain Eu mosquito sp are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus.
T.
Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young Ru.
T.
Hantaviruses may cause respiratory disease in humans.
T.
Avian nephritis virus usually causes diseases in chickens of 1 - 3 wks of age.
F.
Avian nephritis viruses caused by a picornavirus.
T.
Sus vesicular exanthema virus is present worldwide.
F.
Cat queens frequently abort in acute phase of Fel calicivirus infection.
F.
Cats may carry + shed Fel calicivirus for several mnth/ yrs.
T.
Fel caliciviruses cause haemorrhagic enteritis.
F.
Some variants of fel calicivirus may escape vaccine induced. protection.
T.
Occasionally Car may get infected with African horse sickness virus.
T.
Avian orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds.
F.
Tenosynovitis is one of the most frequent manifestations of avian orthoreovirus infections.
T.
The infectious bursal disease virus is very sensitive to detergents.
F.
Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in E. Asia + in Australia only.
F.
The main vectors of tick- borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma + Dermocentor sp.
F.
The tick- borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents.
F.
Mainly birds develop tick- borne encephalitis.
F.
Louping ill is seen in cattle in N. America.
F.
The WNV is present only in Africa.
F.
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of WNV.
T.
Horses + humans do ø play a significant role in the transmission of WNV.
T.
The weather does ø influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks.
F.
The sero- diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross- reactions with related flaviviruses.
T.
Certain predatory bird sp are particularly sensitive to WNV infections.
T.
The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV.
T.
Pestiviruses are arboviruses.
F.
Wild birds are the natural hosts of BVDV.
F.
Cytopathic + non-cytopathic biotypes of BVDV are known.
T.
Environmental contamination does ø play a role in spread of BVDV.
T.
The BVDV typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- + lymphatic tissued.
T.
Cattle which are immune- tolerant to BVDV may develop mucosal disease.
T.
Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BDV.
F.
The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep.
F.
In EU only low virulence strains of infectious bursitis virus can be found.
F.
Infectious bursitis is a very contagious disease.
T.
Pigeons are the most susceptible to IBDV.
F.
Early IBDV infection damages the humoral immunity.
T.
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern eq encephalomyelitis.
T.
Ticks are invovled in the transmission cycle of EEE.
F.
Viral Eq encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of CS.
F.
In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis.
T.
Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross- reactions.
F.
Tick- borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted with raw goat milk.
T.
Tick- borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans.
F.
The principle vector of Louping ill virus is Rhicephalus appendiculatus.
F.
WNV is only present in Africa.
F.
Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV.
F.
The weather influences the emergence of WNV outbreaks through it’s effect on mosquito propagation dynamics.
T.
Sus is ø susceptible to BoVD virus.
F.
BoVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than 1.
F.
BoVDV cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination.
F.
Intrauterine BoVDV infection always causes abortion.
F.
Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new born piglets.
T.
Sus shed CSFV only in terminal phase of disease.
F.
EU is free from CSFV.
F.
CSF is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars.
F.
Boutons in LI are the earliest lesions in CSF.
T.
The diagnosis of CSF is based on paired serum investigations.
F.
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to CSF.
T.
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus.
F.
In cattle Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with reduced milk production.
T.
Rift valley fever virus is a zoonotic agent.
T.
The most frequent sign of Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis.
F.
Bluetongue disease is preseent only in tropical + sub tropical countries.
F.
Wild birds are the natural reservoir hosts of bluetongue virus.
F.
In utero bluetongue virus infection may result in immunotolerance.
T.
The most severe clinical manifestation of bluetongue disease is usually seen in goats.
F.
African horse sickness is a worlwide distributed frequent disease.
F.
Respiratory signs are the most frequent in acute African horse sickness.
T.
The DD of African horse sickness + tetanus is rather complicated.
T.
Midges are the main vectors of eq encephalosis viruses.
F.
Infectious bursal disease causes severe illness mainly in H2Ofowl.
F.
The most frequent sign of infectious bursal disease is lameness.
F.
Only live attenuated vaccines are efficient against infectious bursal disease.
T.
Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents.
T.
Biphasic fever is a characteristic sign of tick- borne encephalitis.
T.
Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep.
T.
WNV is the only known zoonotic flavivirus.
F.
BoVD + mucosal disease are caused by the same virus sp.
T.
2 serotypes of BoVDV are known, serotype 2 is more virulent.
T.
BoVDV is particularly resistant to disinfectants.
F.
Rodents play a central role in maintenance of BoVDV in environment.
F.
Non cytopathic BoVDV strains can mutate to become cytopathic.
T.
CSFV infection has immunosuppressive effect.
T.
Sus shed CSFV only during clinical stage of disease.
F.
Central nervous signs might be seen in CSF.
T.
Based on pathology + CS, chronic CSF is easy to diagnose.
F.
Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods.
T.
Schmallenberg virus associaed disease was 1st observed in 2011 in certain Western EU countries.
T.
The Schmallenberg virus causes severe disease in humans.
F.
The Akabane disease is mainly seen in geese.
F.
Serological cross- protection exists between the known 25 serotypes of bluetongue virus.
T.
ø long term carrier stage is observed in bluetongue virus infections.
F.
Epizootic haemorrhagic fever is a bluetongue- like disease of wild Ru in America.
T.
Ibaraki disease is a bluetongue- like disease of Ru in Asia + in America.
T.
The subacute form of African Horse Sickness is mainly characterized by oedematisation + cardiac dysfuntions.
T.
Rotaviruses mainly cause respiratory disease in older animals.
F.
Orthoreoviruses usually cause penumoenteritis in cattle.
T.
Tenosynovitis is a frequent sign of avian orthoreovirus infections.
T.
Several antigenic + virulence variants of infectious bursal disease virus are known.
T.
Mainly ticks are the vectors of Eq encephalomyelitis virus.
F.
Louping ill is present only in tropical + sub- tropical countries.
F.
WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle.
F.
WNV can be unambigously diagnosed on the basis of CS.
F.
Attenuated vaccine strains against BVDV may be foetopathic effects.
T.
Eradication of BVDV is based on removal of immunotolerant animals.
T.
Border disease is most frequently seen in horses.
F.
The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals in farm.
F.
In sheep, BVDV may cause a disease similar to border disease.
T.
The border disease virus may infect goats too.
T.
Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages.
T.
All wild type strains of CSFV are highly virulent.
F.
CSFV is + arbovirus.
F.
CSFV is a zoonotic agent.
F.
Akabane disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
T.
Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
T.
Rift Valley fever virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
T.
Nairobi disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep.
T.
The infectious bursitis virus is inactivated within 1 - 2 d in the environment.
F.
IBDV does ø cause disease in chicken > 2 mnths.
T.
A frequent sign of infectious bursitis is encephalitis.
F.
Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, ø vaccines available against it.
F.
Eq encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide.
F.
Eq encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer/ rainy seasons.
T.
After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in Eq.
T.
The Eq encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents.
T.
Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents.
F.
Tick- borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions.
F.
Inactivated vaccines are available agaisnt tick- borne encephalitis for humans.
T.
Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits.
F.
The principal vectors of WNV are midges.
F.
Different genetic lineages of WNV are circulating in Eu.
T.
WNV mainly causes diarrhea in sheep.
F.
Yellow fever virus + Dengue virus are human pathogens.
T.
Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune- tolerant calves.
T.
Non- cytopathic BVDV infections have immunosuppressive effect.
T.
Because Eu is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it.
F.
CSFV is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes.
F.
The presence of CSFV in a herd does ø influence reproduction parameters.
T.
CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections.
T.
The CS of CSF + ASF are similar.
T.
Haemorrhages are frequent lesions in CSF.
T.
Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF.
F.
Serological cross- reactions may occur between BVD + CSF.
F.
Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV.
F.
Akabane, Aino + Schmallenberg viruses cause similar disease in Ru.
T.
Pneumonia + abortion are the main signs of Schallenberg virus infection in Sheep.
T.
The Nairobi sheep disease is vectored by ticks.
T.
Hantaviruses cause encephalitis in Eq.
F.
All known strains of CSF virus are highly virulent.
F.
CSF virus spreads slowly in the host + causes mainly chronic disease.
F.
The CSF virus may cause reproductive disorders.
T.
Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF.
T.
CSF can unambigously diagnosed by CS + pathology.
F.
Domestic Sus of most EU countries are free from CSF virus.
F.
The CSF may appear in a. milder form in wild boar than in domestic Sus.
T.
Several virus sp belong to Bunyaviridae family, many present only in tropical regions.
T.
Bunyaviruses are typically arboviruses.
T.
Rift Valley fever virus caused severe human outbreaks in Africa + in the Arab peninsula.
T.
Necrotic hepatitis is a typical lesion of Rift Vallley fever.
T.
Haemorrhages gastroenteritis is a typical lesion of Nairobi sheep disease.
T.
Hantaviruses cause haemorrhagic fevers in rodents.
F.
In Eu vaccination of Eq against Eq encephalomyelitis is compulsory.
F.
Togavirus infections can unambigously diagnosed on the basis of CS + pathology findings.
F.
There is ø vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet.
F.
Serological cross- reactions are seen between certain Eq encephalomyelitis viruses.
T.
In utero Border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance.
T.
Pestivirus are zoonotic agents.
F.
In EU vaccination of domestic Sus populations against CSF is compulsory.
F.
CSF is notifiable disease in Eu.
T.
Midges are the. main vectors of Schmallenberg virus.
T.
