Final Exam Flashcards

Question

What is a COA?

Answer 1

A certificate of analysis - Resulted by testing done by the product producer or a 3rd company. They search for good things (cannabinoids) and bad (solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, or other things absorbed by soil) in MJ.

Answer 2

How a drug is administered/taken/given -Inhalation -Oral -Sublingual -Topical -Transdermal

Answer 3

Taking via lungs, absorbed by cells / air sacks in lungs causing rapid absorption into blood stream -Smoking is harsh, cooled w/ water pipes. Risk tar/harmful irritating substances. Risk w/ LT use -Vaporizing - Heats plant material (no combust/burn) = no smoke or irritation -Vaping - Risks E-cig/vape associated lung injury (EVALI) as vit E acetate is a harmful substance used in THC vapes

Answer 4

Eating and swallowing giving a slower but longer lasting effect, can take hours to be felt / full effect. Must go through first pass metabolism

Answer 5

Ingested has to be processed via liver, metabolized by 11-OH-THC (CB1 agonist) -H fat foods in stomach slow onset while giving longer lasting effect -Tea (cannabinoids aren't very water soluable) vs bhang lassi (adding milk w/ fat)

Answer 6

Inhalation > Sublingual > Oral

Answer 7

Under-tongue, usually as extract / tincture / films or breath strips. Not swallowed, absorbed by mucus membranes. -Not suppositories, tho below the belt can be helped with THC hemisuccinate -AVD = Easy to ctrl dose -Often how given to children

Answer 8

Ointment, lotions, oils, ect not giving psychoactive effects -Mostly doesn't show on drug test -Works best w/ Itchy/scaly skin conditions, allergic reactions, inflammatory conditions, theres even evidence for some infections *MRSA, resistant to antibiotic, often as rash/boil

Answer 9

Skin application, usually patch -Good for LT use, long duration of action w/out liver converting to 11-OH-THC -Not absorbed well b/c water in body BUT helps when combo w/ another chemical *Concern for cheaply made products, Methyl Salicylate is usually safe but can OD -Can't be FDA approved -Usually started slow, can be too intoxicating

Answer 10

CBD : THC ratio Ex, 10:1 is 10 (CBD) : 1 (THC) -1 : 1 = same *1 : 2 = 2X THC as CBD *2 : 1 = 2X CBD as THC -25mg of CBD and 5mg THC, 25 / 5 = 5, 5 : 1 ratio -No CBD = little to none -Ratio alone does not indicate dose, 5 : 1 THC can be 25 mg of THC or 50 mg of THC, its not enough info

Answer 11

Carefully dividing dosage via eye dropper or medicine syringe. Look at notes for image!!!

Answer 12

Smoke - L hit hard and fast, last short times -Swallowed - Directly turns into 11-OH-THC, hard hit Biphasic Effects - INC taking doses, dosen't help at highest -L doses can help ANX. H doses can make paranoia, rapid HR, and fear of death. -LD50 has never killed anyone

Answer 13

INC impact / side effect b/c combo of taking two drugs (entourage plays a part here) -CBD alone is fine, combo can INC effect -Ex, taking benzo and MC both are downers causing extreme drowsiness.

Answer 14

Cytochrome P450 enzyme group break drugs down but can only work on one drug at a time -Coyote (enzyme) bunny (other drug) example, adding a bunch of groundhogs (CBD) appear, the coyotes eat the groundhogs and theres too many bunnies (drug effect is higher)

Answer 15

Principle tells parents story of a drug supplier entices several restless teens, including sister and brother Mary (Dorothy Short) and Jimmy Lane (Warren McCollum) and Mary's boyfriend, Bill (Kenneth Craig), into frequenting a reefer house. Gradually, Bill and Jimmy are drawn into smoking dope, which affects their family lives and leads to a terrible crime. MJ effects mostly misrepresented.

Answer 16

CVD, other heart issues (stroke, blood clots, heart attack, ect) -Has carcinogens like cig, MJ is a stim to heart -Blood vessel expansion (dropping while standing up) -INC vulnerability while smoking

Answer 17

-Is plant material set on fire, can be harsher than tobacco -Causing inflammation, chronic bronchitis, and chemical damage to lung -INC lung disease risk, esp cancer (but cannabinoids also fight cancer) -Prevented via vaporizing or alt ROA

Answer 18

Misconception that "driver better high" -Safe: Defensive driving, slower driving, and INC following distance (contradicting Reefer Madness) -Unsafe: Drowsiness, DEC reaction time, impaired attnt, impaired sense of time -LL to avoid the actual wreckless driver, studies show INC in traffic fatalities since MJ legalization

Answer 19

Some use for pre-existing or pregnancy conditions. Effects on infants isn't dramatic like FAS, doesn't mean 0 harm. Most diff are minor but there is no "gateway effect" (not ML to use if mom did while pregnant with you) Its not recommended to use while pregnant / breast feeding b/c cannabinoids are milk/fat soluable.

Answer 20

Impulsivity, COG impact, ANX disorders are all corr. Some rsch suggests lasting impact w/ use under 18. Can INC risk of DEV SCZ if genetically vulnerable (doesn't appear out of nowhere like in Reefer Madness).

Answer 21

COG deficits -Memory (esp ST), attnt (there there is evidence it helps COG) -THC slams hippocampus's CB1 receptors shut -Reefer Madness's portrayal of this is VERY dramatic -Impulsive, risk bhvr and decision making

Answer 22

CB1 receptors involved w/ reproductive organs -DEC sperm production, motility, and fertility (IS NOT BC FOR MEN!!!) -Slowed mobility even if F alone uses -DEC lutenizing hormone (LH, triggering ovulation) -Non-THC can help sperm production

Answer 23

Weight gain -Rsch finds recreational users mostly aren't overweight Suppressing inflammatory responses & autoimmune diseases (good and bad) DEC ability to fight cancer tumors

Answer 24

M available than ever before, smoking "MT 50X in a year, ML to abuse harder drugs" (most hard users begin w/ MJ) -Smoking MJ ≠ move to heavier drugs, is corr *"drug personality" lack of models can lead to use but also use of cocaine first, perse -Body interaction and bio predisposition are real -In medical context, unlikely to INC risk of heavier use (recreational use shows very wk causal rltnsp)

Answer 25

Most common health issue, impacting 40M adults (20% adults, 7% children) described as feelings of anticipation, dread, jumpiness, constant fear, restlessness ect. Shortness of breath, upset stomach, nasuea or vomiting, INC HR, fatigue, sleep trouble, and headaches. -Doesn't always have "origin", those who have are usually aware of having -Typically tx w/ anti-DEP or benzos (abuse, OD, withdrawal, DEC sex, ect)

Answer 26

MJ helps at low doses but can worsen ANX at high doses, effectiveness is usually ST. -Rsch only on men -CBDA impact serotonin helping ANX and nausea -CBG works for some (many specifically use for ANX)

Answer 27

GAD - Chronic exxagerated worry about everyday life, exhaustion and headaches, tension, nausea SAD - Intense fear of SOC situations by irrational worries about humiliation, panic attks Panic Disorder - Panic attacks and sudden feelings of terror, sometimes repeatedly w/out warning. Can be mistaken for heart attack, POW phys symptoms like chest pain, heart palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, ect Phobias - Extreme, intense, and irrational fear reaction. Leading to bhvrs to avoid fear triggers

Answer 28

Sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness. Anhedonia, lack of motivation, sleep / eating troubles, thoughts or actions regarding suicide. Corr w/ low serotonin release. Imbalance caused by endocannabinoid system leading to DEP & suicidal thoughts.

Answer 29

Impacts CB1 receptors, can INC and DEC DEP symptoms (better initially, worse w/ time). INC CB1 receptors corr w/ suicide.

Answer 30

Poor appetite and cachexia (b/c cancer , ANX and DEP, ect) can be helped w/ MC. THC is most impactful. CBD can slightly DEC body weight, nothing dramatic.

Answer 31

Concern b/c COG impact, concern for drowsiness. Those taking Satifax found some DEC in hyperactivitiy, not attnt change, similar function to non-stim ADHD meds. ADD - Attention deficit disorder ADHI - Hyperactive impulsive ADHD - Attention deficit hyper disorder

Answer 32

Autism comes w/ SOC diff, stress for parents, and usually tx w/ anti-psych for irritability (sometimes causing TD). Those comorbid in epilepsy find improvements in autism when it is tx (ANX). Using a 21:1 found INC in SOC function and comm, no change in parental stress or compliance. Synth cannabinoids give entourage effect.

Answer 33

0 risk of OD, disease/danger risk isn't as high like in AUD (no needles). Not everyone makes it to sobriety. "Far more Americans regularly use cannabis than any other ctrl substance"

Answer 34

Tapering off of harder drugs, addicts can use MC but CUD is a concern. Recreational users w/ CUD have more suicidal ideation BUT states w/ legalized dispensaries have DEC OD and pain killer prescriptions.

Answer 35

CB1: CNS, lungs, vascular system, muscles, GI tract, reproductive organs CB2: Spleen, skin, and bones CB1 + CB2: Immune system, liver, bone barrow, and pancreases.

Answer 36

CBD & CBG release cytokines (anti-inflammatory chemicals). At H doses, THC can INC inflammation. -Type I diabetes *DEC DEV of diabetes, INC risk of diabetic ketoacidosis -Rheumatoid arthritisis -Allergic asthma -MS (pain) -Colitis -Chronic liver inflammation -Cancers w/ inflammatory components

Answer 37

Ghurd (acid reflux condition) helped by CB1 activation, preventing throat sphincter from opening on its own. 80% of immune system function is related to gut health. Chrone's (sm intestine attk) and ulcerative colitis (attk on lower intestine) can be helped ST. IBS too.

Answer 38

Is an "out of ctrl" disease causing tumors to metastasize, not a disease as has no cure. Because it moves, is hard to cure.

Answer 39

Helps w/ cachexia and pain and is best treated when small and undetected. Growth INC tx pain. Opioids are used but don't generally help w/ neuro/nerve pain/damage, side effects, and addictive. Can be switched for MC

Answer 40

MC helps w/ nausea and pain, possibly shrinks tumor size by cutting off growth supplies. Rsch found substantial INC chances of survival when doing chemo and Sativex. American Cancer Society finds it helps w/ inflammation, pain, and vomiting but is still a sched. 1 substance.

Answer 41

How MC blocks pain: -CB1 receptor slow pain signal -Cannabinoids impact TRP channels -THC & CBD INC activity at endorphin receptors w/ + modulation -CBD INC endocannabinoids -DEC inflammatory chemicals (cytokines, prostaglandins) Types of Pain: -Activation of pain sensors on nerves -Pain from inflammation -Neuropathic pain

Answer 42

Opioid tx has caused an epidemic, MC could replace. Rsch finds L doses of THC and morphine combined do better together vs alone. THC Synergizes morphine by positively modulating (the STR of receptor response) the endorphin receptors.

Answer 43

Having frequent seizures from range of causes including birth defect, TBI, ect. Usually tx w/ medications, H fat diets, brain splitting (50% not medicated, 13% respond to the second taken medication). -Tonic Clonic seizures via CB1 receptor activation -THC can make them worse at L doses

Answer 44

99% : 1% oral solution that is customizable and consistent dosing. Used for dravet syndrome, lennox-gastaut syndrome (LGS), and Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) -Doesn't work for all individuals -Monitored for liver enzymes, especial with certain AEDs *H THC and L CBD can help

Answer 45

Evidence showing toxicity others show protection. Neurons excited too often die, THC & CBD DEC excitation. TBH, stroke, other brain damage can be saved w/ MC. Given amphetamines (MDMA, meth, ect.) pre-treated w/ THC has less dmg.

Answer 46

Pain, Sleep issues, IBS, ect -MC DEC pain, INC over all well-being (work ability) -Could eliminate or DEC medications -Limits on know for fibromyalgia limits understanding on THC's effects -CBD acts as - modulator for THC, recommended for some

Answer 47

Cannabinoid receptors in eye impact eye diseases, glaucoma. Exercise and laser surgeries are typical tx. -CBD makes glaucoma worse at H lvls (constantly taking H THC) -Intraocular pressure (IOP) relief via THC

Answer 48

Spasticity is paralysis b/c too much muscle tone in a contracted state. Attempts to contract said muscles causes over-reaction / jerk reflex. -Involved w/ MS, cerebral palsy (CP, NOT HELPED), stroke, spinal injuries, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cannabinoids inhibit said jerking movements.

Answer 49

MS is autoimmune disease, attacking myeline sheaths surrounding neuron axon, slowing action potentials, DEC function. Is spots of dead cells all over brain. -M common in F Kinds: Isolated - One spout, goes away Relapsing / Remitting - Brain cells (microglia) make neurons, impacting relapse. Each worse w/ time and remissions aren't clean (85%) Secondary - Remissions no longer occuring Primary

Answer 50

MS is one of most common MC uses, many at least try it. Self-reports find DEC in obesity, less disability & fatigue, better memory and mood. Sativex used, can help w/ neuropathic pain in MS. Helps: -Spasticity -Neuropathic Pain -DEC bladder incontinence & brain inflammation, stopping myeline from attacks

Answer 51

Named after famous ball player who dev it. ALS is a disease mainly affecting motor systems, those diagnosed have 3-5y of functioning before inevitable paralysis. MC helps spasticity, slows progression. CBD helps length survival, symptom relief, and slowed disease progression.

Answer 52

ALZ is COG decline, memory loss (distant and recent events), and diff separating reality. Few genes are related BUT as we age, plagues form outside of cells while tangled fibers dev inside, causing dev. MC helps w/ clarity, DEC protein causing ALZ, but COG impact is a concern.

Answer 53

Similar to ALS, impacts youth. Activating CB1 receptors can prevent cell death, THCA DEC dmg , impacting motor symptoms. Nicknamed CHOREA (dance, choreography_ b/c motor disorder. IMpacts basal ganglia. -Synth cannabinoids help some, others none at all. Should help w/ inflammation.

Answer 54

Of the 86B neurons in brain, 1M release dopamine (esp mid-brain). Cell death in mid-brain is Parkinsons's as basal ganglia is impacted (motor mvmt, planning, reasoning). Tremors, shakes, eventually COG impairments (causes dementia-like). -Tx usually involves dopamine supplements -CBD helps w/ pain, during sleep, mood & ANX, and eppetite. Synth cannabinoids help but would be at high dose. Helps w/ motor movement, tremors, and neurodegen. -Side effects: COG impairment, balance issues, psych like issues (hallucinations), motor slowing

Answer 55

79% of S-reports find symptom relief w/ MC use. Synethetic CB1 INC function (better dreams) better than placebo. CUD is common in vets. -CB1 receptors block fear memories

Answer 56

When shape of red blood cell is abnormal, DEC oxygen mvmt, they are sticky and often cause clots (leading to stroke, swelling, and pain). -1/6 use MC for pain relief, legal or not -Also helps appetite, ANX, and sleep. Those who use MC found to have less hospitalizations

Answer 57

Symptoms of unctrl-able tics, sniffing, yelling, ect w/out a cure. Usually in hand w/ ADHD and ANX. Basal ganglia maybe impacted. -Can cause OCD like symptoms -MC seems to help compulsive bhvrs and tic, tolerance is a concern

Final Exam Flashcards

Covering Modules 4-7