final exam Flashcards
stress
actual or alleged hazard to balance of homeostasis
stressor
physical or psychological, sociological stimulis that causes stress
appraisal
how a person interprets the impact of a stressor
general adaptation syndrome stages
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
alarm phase GAS
SYmpathetic adrenal medulla: arouses CNS, fight/flight, increase BP, sugar, epi, N
hypothalamic-pituitary axis: activated after epi surge subsides
resistance stage GAS
body tries to compensate and returns function to normal, lots of energy used.
immune response to stress
weakens immune system and increases susceptibility to infection, htn, cancer, diabetes
exhaustion stage GAS
breakdown of competensory methods. energy is depleted
primary appraisal
evaluating stress in terms of personal meaning
secondary appraisal
considering coping strategies
coping
cognitive and behavioral effort to manage stressor, unique to beliefs and goald
types of crisis
developmental, situational, adventitious
developmental crisis
marriage/birth etc. occurs in stages
situational crisis
new job, MVC, illness, unexpected trauma
adventitious crisis
events of disaster
factors that influence stress response
situational, maturational, sociocultural
situational coping
shift work, adjusting to diagnosis or something
maturational coping
losing parents, milestones
sociocultural coping
poverty disability, social isolation
compassion fatigue
burnout, when perceived demands outweigh perceived resources
secondary traumatic stress
witnessing. caring for others who are suffering
second victim syndrome
medical error causes harm, traumatizes staff
acute stress
daily from minor situations
chronic stress
> 6 months ongoing
distress
negative
eustress
positive/motivational
assessment of stress and coping
establish relationship
subjective:stressors, support, coping, suicidal thoughts
objective:appearance, nonverbal, vitals
USE OPEN ENDED
planning stage
set priorities and goals with client, set goal of reducing problem and objectives are specific behaviors
diagnosis for stress
difficulty coping, anxiety, caregiver stress
ready ti learn, stress overload
implementation stage
health promotion: regular exercise, support, rest, time management, crisis intervention,
evaluation stage
ask patient, through their eyes has stress been reduced?
stress types
physiologic, psychological, sociocultural
physiologic stress
body reaction that could be harmful
psychological stress
emotional/cognitive factors
sociocultural stress
racism
mild anxiety
fosters creativity and improves memory
moderate anxiety
narrows focus, dulls perception
severe anxiety
inability to make decisions or solve problems
panic
immobilized, inability to move, concentrate, communicate
problem focused coping
alter or remove threat by confrontation
emotion focused coping
relaxation, prayer, self blame
compensation
strengths>weakness
denial
ignoring
displacement
redirection to safer focus
intellectualization
overthinking to avpid
projection
attributing to someone else
rationalization
explaining actions to enhance self esteem
regression
reverting to earler development
reaction formation
demonstrating opposite emotions
sublimation
unacceptable to acceptable
primary prevention
education
secondary prevention
screeening
selection of disease for screening
community problem? can screening detect? is it treatable?
epidemiology
menthod used to find cause of disease
morbidity
diseased state
mortality
deaths in given population
significance
level of priority
incidence
rate of new population problem
prevelance
proportion of population at a point in time
reliability
extent a measure yields CONSISTENT results
validity
accuracy of results
sensitivity
correctly identify positive
specificity
correctly identifies negative
A
recommend, substantial benefits, offer or provide
B
hight to moderate, offer or provide
C
selectivelt offer, judgement or preference
d
recommend against, no benefit
I
insufficient data
nurses role in screening
counsel, collaborate
