final exam Flashcards
What is an example of anabolism?
formation of maltose from two glucose
The table shows the approximate energy stores in a man with an average mass.
What can be concluded from the data?
the adipose tissue provides for most of the long term energy storage
The image shows a molecule of oleic acid.
What describes oleic acid?
cis mono saturated fatty acid
The anticodons of three tRNAs and the amino acids they carry are shown in the
table.
tRNA anticodon Amino acid
GCA Arginine
AAU Leucine
CAG Valine
Which base sequence of an mRNA molecule would code for an arginine–leucine–
valine tripeptide?
CGU UUA CUG
What is a consequence of anaerobic cell respiration in muscles?
small yield of readily available ATP and lactate accumulation
Which equation represents a process in yeast that causes bread to rise?
C6H12O6>2C2H5OH+2CO2
A DNA triplet on the strand that is transcribed has the bases TAG. Which anticodon
on tRNA is used in translation?
UAG
What is the arrangement of subunits in a DNA nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar molecules, and a phosphate group
What is a difference between two alleles of a gene?
are different versions of a gene meaning they have slightly different DNA sequences at the same location
A molecule of DNA is found to contain 200 guanine bases, representing 25 % of the
total number of bases. How many phosphate groups does this molecule of DNA
contain?
800
What is the minimum number of nucleotides needed to code for a polypeptide
composed of 210 amino acids?
630
The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a green plant varies with CO2
concentration at two different light intensities. The temperature is kept constant at 20 °C.
What is the limiting factor at X?
light intensity
Chromosome numbers vary between species. Which statement refers to humans?
23 pairs of chromosomes
People who suffer from night blindness cannot see well at night because their retinal
cells produce an abnormal form of a protein pigment. Which protein is this?
Rhodopsin
What is a function of the enzyme helicase?
it untwists the double helix and seperates the two DNA strands which makes them available for replication
The karyogram shown belongs to a human being.
What can be deduced from this karyogram?
the person is male with genetic disorder
What prevents plants from converting carbon dioxide into glucose in the dark?
they do not have light
What is the correct arrangement for the components of one strand in a DNA
molecule?
DNA molecules consist of four nucleotides base pairing in the presence of hydrogen bonding
Which statement applies to enzymes?
enzyme function depends on collisions between substrate and active sites
Which enzyme is matched to its function?
DNA polymerase
If a plant is exposed to light, which colour of light would lead to the lowest rate of
oxygen release by a green plant?
green light
two-cell sea urchin (Echinoidea) embryo was physically separated by scientists into
two cells. Each cell, through further embryonic development, became an adult sea
urchin. What is the relationship between the two adult sea urchins?
they are clones
What feature of eukaryotic chromosomes distinguishes them from the
chromosomes of prokaryotes?
eukaryotic chromosomes are located within a membrane bound nucleus
The diagram represents transcription and translation.
RNA ANTICODON
Plants produce carbon dioxide in respiration and use carbon dioxide in
photosynthesis. The graph shows the volume of carbon dioxide exchanged in a plant at
different light intensities.
What is shown by the graph?
there is more respiration than photosynthesis between y and z
Which of the molecules shown would be most suitable for long-term energy storage
in humans?
lipids
What effect do changes in pH have on enzymes?
alters the shape of the enzyme active site
Which compound is a waste product of anaerobic respiration in humans?
lactic acid
A pregnant woman had fetal cells removed by chorionic villus sampling and tested.
The following karyogram was produced.
What does this show?
the child is male without down syndrome
The gene that codes for a particular polypeptide includes the base sequence
shown.
GAGTACCCT
What is the base sequence of the mRNA molecule which is complementary to this
sequence?
CUCATGGA
The graph shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of CO2 uptake by
a species of green plant maintained in conditions of constant temperature and CO2
concentration.
Which statement is consistent with the graph?
cell respiration leads to net production of carbon dioxide at low light intensity
The base sequences of a short section of DNA are shown, together with mRNA that
has been transcribed from it and one of the tRNA anticodons that could be used to
translate the mRNA.
Which strand of DNA is transcribed and to which codon in the mRNA would the
tRNA anticodon bind during translation?
DNA strand 1 AGGGCATTAGCTA
The graph shows the absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
What can be concluded from the graph?
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b have different absorption peaks
The diagram shows a type of fatty acid.
What type of fatty acid is shown?
cis unsaturated
Where are amino acids joined together to make polypeptides?
the ribosomes
The table shows some codons for five amino acids.
Which of these DNA strands will code for the amino acid sequence glycine-serine-
glycine?
CCTTCGCCG
Which protein has the highest tensile strength (ability to resist breaking when
stretched)?
spider silk
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. What parts of nucleotides are joined
together in both DNA and RNA to make these polymers?
pentose sugars with phosphates
What do DNA replication, transcription and translation have in common?
complementary base pairing
What is the same in all parts of homologous chromosomes?
sequence of genes
Which molecule represents a lipid?
triglycerides
Which description matches the protein?
collagen
Some yeast genes can be replaced by human genes that then continue to produce
the same human proteins in the yeast cells. Which statement helps to explain this
evidence?
the genetic code is universal
