cellular respiration & photosynthesis Flashcards
plants are:
autotrophs
animals are:
heterotrophs
what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria
what are the parts of the mitochondria?
outer membrane
inner membrane
inner membrane space
matrix
Cristae
what are the four main parts of reactions?
glycolysis
grooming phase
kreb cycle
electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
what is glycolysis
occurs in the cytosyl and has two steps:
A. energy investment phase
-preparatory phase
B. energy yielding phase
-energy pay off phase
what is the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
glucose (6c) makes glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3c) using 2 atp
what is the energy yielding phase of glycolysis?
glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3c) makes pyruvate (2 of 2- 3c)
what is the total net yield of glycolysis?
2- 3c pyruvate
2- atp
2- NADH
substrate level phosphorylation
atp is formed when an enzyme is transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to adp
what what is fermentation?
-occurs when cytosol is in anaerobic (no oxygen)
-gycolysis is part of fermentation
there are two types of fermentation:
1. alcohol
2. lactic acid
alcohol fermentation:
2 - atp
2 - co2
2 - ethanols
lactic fermentation:
pain in the muscles:
2 - atp
2 - lactic acid
what is the grooming phase?
occurs when oxygen is present aerobic
- 2 pyruvate molecules are transported through the mitochondria membrane to the matrix and is converted to 2 acetyl CoA molecules
what are the end products of the grooming phase?
2 - NADH
2- CO2
2 - acetyl CoA
what is the Krebs cycle?
-it happens in the mitochondrial matrix
-acetyl CoA (2c) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4c - oaa) to make citrate (6c)
what is the total net yield of the krebs cycle? (2 turns)
- 2 - atp
- 6 - NADH
- 2 - FADH2
- 4 - CO2
what is electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
-happens in the inner membrane space
-uses etc and atp synthase to make atp
-etc pumps H+ across the inner membrane
-then H+ move through atp synthase to make more atp
- all NADH and fadh2 are converted to atp
-each NADH converts to 3 atp
-each fadh2 converts to 2 atp
total yield of atp:
4 atp - phosphorylation substrate level
34 atp - etc and oxidative phosphorylation
38 - total yield
what are light dependent reactions?
uses light to produce atp and photolysis making H+ ions
what are light independent reactions?
use atp and H+ ions to fix CO2 making glucose
what are light dependent reactants?
-light
-water
-nadp+
-adp + p
what are light dependent products?
-o2
-atp
-nadph
what are light independent reactants?
-CO2
-atp
-nadph
what are light independent products?
-sugars
-nadp+
-adp + p
