cellular respiration & photosynthesis

Question 1

plants are:

Answer 1

autotrophs

Question 2

animals are:

Answer 2

heterotrophs

Question 3

what organelle does cellular respiration take place?

Answer 3

mitochondria

Question 4

what are the parts of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

outer membrane
inner membrane
inner membrane space
matrix
Cristae

Question 5

what are the four main parts of reactions?

Answer 5

glycolysis
grooming phase
kreb cycle
electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

what is glycolysis

Answer 6

occurs in the cytosyl and has two steps:
A. energy investment phase
-preparatory phase
B. energy yielding phase
-energy pay off phase

Question 7

what is the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

Answer 7

glucose (6c) makes glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3c) using 2 atp

Question 8

what is the energy yielding phase of glycolysis?

Answer 8

glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3c) makes pyruvate (2 of 2- 3c)

Question 9

what is the total net yield of glycolysis?

Answer 9

2- 3c pyruvate
2- atp
2- NADH

Question 10

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 10

atp is formed when an enzyme is transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to adp

Question 11

what what is fermentation?

Answer 11

-occurs when cytosol is in anaerobic (no oxygen)
-gycolysis is part of fermentation
there are two types of fermentation:
1. alcohol
2. lactic acid

Question 12

alcohol fermentation:

Answer 12

2 - atp
2 - co2
2 - ethanols

Question 13

lactic fermentation:

Answer 13

pain in the muscles:
2 - atp
2 - lactic acid

Question 14

what is the grooming phase?

Answer 14

occurs when oxygen is present aerobic
- 2 pyruvate molecules are transported through the mitochondria membrane to the matrix and is converted to 2 acetyl CoA molecules

Question 15

what are the end products of the grooming phase?

Answer 15

2 - NADH
2- CO2
2 - acetyl CoA

Question 16

what is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 16

-it happens in the mitochondrial matrix
-acetyl CoA (2c) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4c - oaa) to make citrate (6c)

Question 17

what is the total net yield of the krebs cycle? (2 turns)

Answer 17

1. 2 - atp
2. 6 - NADH
3. 2 - FADH2
4. 4 - CO2

Question 18

what is electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 18

-happens in the inner membrane space
-uses etc and atp synthase to make atp
-etc pumps H+ across the inner membrane
-then H+ move through atp synthase to make more atp
- all NADH and fadh2 are converted to atp
-each NADH converts to 3 atp
-each fadh2 converts to 2 atp

Question 19

total yield of atp:

Answer 19

4 atp - phosphorylation substrate level
34 atp - etc and oxidative phosphorylation

38 - total yield

Question 20

what are light dependent reactions?

Answer 20

uses light to produce atp and photolysis making H+ ions

Question 21

what are light independent reactions?

Answer 21

use atp and H+ ions to fix CO2 making glucose

Question 22

what are light dependent reactants?

Answer 22

-light
-water
-nadp+
-adp + p

Question 23

what are light dependent products?

Answer 23

-o2
-atp
-nadph

Question 24

what are light independent reactants?

Answer 24

-CO2
-atp
-nadph

Question 25

what are light independent products?

Answer 25

-sugars
-nadp+
-adp + p